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词条 Charnwood Forest
释义

  1. Extent

  2. Geology

  3. History

  4. In literature

  5. Wildlife and geological sites

  6. See also

  7. Notes

  8. References

  9. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}{{Use British English|date=July 2014}}

Charnwood Forest is an upland tract in north-western Leicestershire, England, bounded by Leicester, Loughborough and Coalville. The area is undulating, rocky and picturesque, with barren areas. It also has some extensive tracts of woodland; its elevation is generally 600 ft (180 m) and upwards, the area exceeding this height being about {{convert|6,100|acre|km2}}. The highest point, Bardon Hill, is 912 ft (278 m). On its western flank lies an abandoned coalfield, with Coalville and other former mining villages, now being regenerated and replanted as part of the National Forest. The M1 motorway, between junctions 22 and 23, cuts through Charnwood Forest.

The hard stone of Charnwood Forest has been quarried for centuries,{{sfn|Ambrose|2007|p=42}} and was a source of whetstones and quern-stones. The granite quarries at Bardon Hill, Buddon Hill and Whitwick supply crushed aggregate to a wide area of southern Britain.

The forest is an important recreational area with woodland walks, noted for their displays of bluebells in the early spring, rock climbing and hillwalking. Popular places with public access include Bardon Hill, Beacon Hill, Bradgate Park, Swithland Wood and the Outwoods and Stoneywell Cottage (National Trust ).

Extent

The area of hills and open land known as Charnwood Forest has no jurisdictional boundary. (The Borough of Charnwood covers roughly two thirds of Charnwood Forest, and the eastern half of the borough is not part of the forest). Furthermore, despite its name, Charnwood was never a royal forest, and was never subject to forest law.{{sfn|Squires|1986|p=10}} So although it is an ancient and well established locality,{{sfn|Squires|1986|p=11}} it has only recently been officially defined, by the Natural England national character area (NCA) process,{{sfn |Hirst|1997}}[1] which takes a somewhat wider definition than many previous attempts to define the area.{{sfn|Crocker|1981|p=13}}{{sfn|Webster|1997|p=42}}

Geology

Many of the craggy rocks of Charnwood Forest are of volcanic origin and are very old, dating back through 600 million years to Precambrian times.{{sfn|Ambrose|2007|p=2}} It was the site of the first ever recorded discovery of Charnia masoni, the earliest known large, complex fossilised species on record. It was discovered in 1957 by a local schoolboy named Roger Mason (thus masoni) who, with friends, was exploring a quarry near the Charnwood village of Woodhouse Eaves. The rocks of Charnwood Forest remain the only place in Western Europe where these Precambrian fossils have been found.{{sfn|Carney|2010}} Along the western edge of Charnwood Forest the rocks are mainly Precambrian igneous Diorites. These formed from molten lava deep within the sedimentary rocks, cooling slowly to produce hard, blocky rock with large crystals. This is extensively quarried for roadstone around Groby, Markfield and Whitwick, and is known as granite (formerly also called Markfieldite).{{sfn|Ambrose|2007|p=27}} The central area of the forest has older rocks still. These are sedimentary and are very variable in character, They were formed by material from volcanoes, settling in deep water, and it is in these beds that the fossils are found. Uplifting, tilting and erosion have produced the distinctive jagged exopsures found across the highest parts of Charnwood.{{sfn|Ambrose|2007|p=14}} On the eastern side, a much more recent series of rocks are found. Again igneous Diorites, that formed deep underground, but these are Ordovician, from a mere 450 million years ago.{{sfn|Ambrose|2007|p=6}} These are extensively quarried in the areas near Mountsorrel.

History

The earliest form of the name Charnwood is probably derived from cerne woda, from the Celtic carn, meaning cairn, and the Old English wudu, meaning wood. Some sources give cwern as the derivation, meaning a tool used to grind grain and other materials by hand. The area was a source of stone for these tools, called quern-stones.[2]

Archeological evidence has shown that the area was inhabited as far back as the Neolithic period, approximately 4,000–2,000 BC. Beacon Hill is the site of a Bronze Age hill fort, dating from between 600 BC – 43 AD. This forms one of the last surviving visible features in the landscape known to the Coritani, the tribe who occupied most of the East Midlands area at the time of the Roman Conquest.

According to Domesday Book, there was only one settlement in Charnwood Forest in 1086, at Charley whose name would appear to come from the same root, with the suffix -ley denoting open land, rather than forest.

In the 200 years after the Norman conquest, newly created settlements took major areas of land out of the forest for use in agriculture. Quorn was established between 1086 and 1153, and all the land up to Woodhouse had been reclaimed from the forest by 1228.

There were comparatively few major changes in land use in the post Medieval period, until the demand for timber and charcoal for the early Industrial Revolution contributed to a further loss of woodland. By the end of the 18th century, most of the woodland had disappeared leaving large areas of moorland and pasture.

In literature

The area was the inspiration for "Charnwood Poems", a collection of poems by the author, playwright and poet Albert Francis Cross (1863–1940). It is also the setting for the speculative fiction novel "Some Kind of Fairy Tale" by Graham Joyce (2012), in which it is depicted as a possible portal to the realm of fairies.

Wildlife and geological sites

Charnwood Forest covers approx {{convert|67|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} of Leicestershire, split over three local government districts: Charnwood Borough, North West Leicestershire District and Hinckley and Bosworth District. It includes a national nature reserve (NNR), 19 SSSIs (Some subdivided in the list of sites below), 4 GCR sites of international geological importance plus a further 6 GCR sites, 13 Regionally Important Geological Sites (RIGS), five local nature reserves (LNRs), seven Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust (LRWT) nature reserves, and 1 Woodland Trust woodland. 17 sites have open access to the public. Footpaths and bridleways give views and limited access to the other sites listed, and to the rest of the Charnwood Forest landscape. Over half of Charnwood Forest is included within the English National Forest. It is also crossed by two waymarked long distance walking routes – the Leicestershire Round and the Ivanhoe Way.[3] The 45 sites listed here include sites with statutory wildlife or geological designations, plus other sites included in published lists of notable sites. On both the map and table, green denotes a site open to the public, amber denotes a site with limited access or restricted by permit or membership. Red denotes a site with no public access except by special arrangement with the owners.

Plants found within the woods include Digitalis purpurea, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Sorbus torminalis and Vaccinium myrtilus.

Sites in Charnwood Forest notable for Wildlife and Geology
Map No.Site NameStatusAccessLocation and map linkArea (ha)HabitatOwnership and details
1Breedon Cloud Wood and QuarrySSSI(B&G)[4] & RIGS[5]Restricted{{gbmappingitem|SK415214| 52.7886|-1.3860|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Breedon Cloud Wood and Quarry SSSI}}63Ancient woodland and limestone quarryBreedon Cloud Wood is owned by LRWT. Permit needed.[6] Cloud Hill Quarry is owned by Ennstone Breedon Ltd.
2Shepshed CuttingSSSI(G)[4]PartialSK462186|52.7630|-1.3168|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Shepshed Cutting SSSI}}6.1Old Quarry with Galena of a type unknown elsewhere in the world.[7]Ambrose|2007|p=36}}
3Morley Quarry, Shepshed[8] GCR{{sfn>Carney|2000|p=16}} & RIGS[9]OpenSK476179| 52.7566 |-1.2961|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Morley Quarry}}3Disused quarry[9] Cliff faces show the oldest of Charnwood's Precambrian rocks and the Triassic unconformity.{{sfn>Ambrose|2007|p=18}}
4Newhurst Quarry, Shepshed[4] GCR{{sfn>Bevins|2010|p=8}} & RIGS[5]NoneSK485179|52.7565 |-1.2828|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Newhurst Quarry, Shepshed SSSI}}9Quarry currently being used for waste disposal[10] GCR listing for Mineralogy significance.{{sfn>Bevins|2010|p=8}}
5Holywell WoodWebster|1997|p=41}}PrivateSK507183|52.7599 |-1.2501|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Holywell Wood}}WoodlandPrivate. Public footpath runs along its northern edge from Snells Nook Lane.
6Longcliffe Quarry, ShepshedRIGS[5]NoneSK492170| 52.7844 |-1.2726|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Longcliffe Quarry, Shepshed}}Quarry siteMidland Quarry Products: working quarry.
7Ives HeadCarney|2000|p=16}} & RIGS [11]PartialSK478170|52.7485 |-1.2933 |dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Ives Head}}Old quarry and craggy hilltopPrivately owned disused quarry. A public bridleway passes 500m south of the summit (201m).
8Blackbrook Reservoir[4] & GCR{{sfn>Carney|2000|p=16}}PartialSK457175| 52.7532 |-1.3243|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Blackbrook Reservoir SSSI}}38.6Open water, wooded banks, wetlandsAmbrose|2007|p=33}}
9Grace Dieu And High Sharpley SSSI (B&G)[4]PartialSK437170| 52.7489 |-1.3540|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Grace Dieu And High Sharpley SSSI}}89Heathland and Carbonifierous limestone outcropsPrivate owners. Adjoins National Forest access land and Grace Dieu Priory site.
10Cademan WoodWebster|1997|p=41}}PartialSK438170| 52.7489 |-1.3526|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Cademan Wood}}Mixed woodland with rocky outcrops[12] Spectacular outcrops that formed very close to a Precambrian volcano.{{sfn>Ambrose|2007|p=18}}
11Snibston Country Park and Grange Nature ReserveLNR[8] OpenSK416142|52.7238 |-1.3855|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Snibston Country Park}}40Woodland, meadow, marsh and pondsLeicestershire County Council.[13]
12Nature Alive! CoalvilleLNR[8]OpenSK421151| 52.7319 |-1.3780|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Nature Alive!}}6Regenerated scrub and wetland on former industrial landNorth West Leicestershire District Council. Valuable site for dragonflies.[14]
13Whitwick QuarryRIGS[5]NoneSK448159| 52.7389 |-1.3379|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Whitwick Quarry}}Quarry siteMidland Quarry Products
14Mount St Bernard AbbeyWebster|1997|p=41}}PartialSK457162| 52.7415 |-1.3245|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Mount St Bernard's Abbey}}Cistercian Abbey[15] The crags around The Knoll show steeply dipping Charnian tuffs.{{sfn>Ambrose|2007|p=34}}
15Charnwood Lodge[4] & GCR{{sfn>Carney|2000|p=16}}RestrictedSK466155| 52.7351 |-1.3113|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Charnwood Lodge SSSI}}193.5Acid and heath grasslands with some mixed woodlandLRWT, permit needed for parts.[16] Timberwood Hill and Warren Hills are accessible under the right to roam.[17]
16Jubilee Wood, Woodhouse LanePublic woodlandOpenSK510165| 52.7437| -1.2460|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Jubilee Wood}}10Mixed woodland and rocky outcropsLeicestershire County Council.[18]
17Loughborough Outwoods, Woodhouse Lane[4] GCR (I){{sfn>Carney|2000|p=16}}OpenSK515160 | 52.7392| -1.2387|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Outwoods, Leicestershire SSSI}}44.6Mixed woodland and rocky outcropsCharnwood Borough Council. Free car park.[19]
18Woodbrook and Deans WoodWebster|1997|p=41}}PartialSK505158| 52.7375| -1.2535|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Woodbrook and Deans Wood}}Charnwood stream and woodlandPermissive path from Jubilee wood to Deans Lane.[20]
19Charley WoodsNature reserveOpenSK476148 | 52.7288 |-1.2966|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Charley Woods}}28.8Oak woodlandLRWT, open to the public.[21]
20Bardon Hill Quarry[4] GCR{{sfn>Carney|2000|p=16}} and RIGS[5]NoneSK459133| 52.7154 |-1.3220|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Bardon Hill Quarry SSSI}}79Quarry. Precambrian Igneous RocksAggregate Industries.
21Bardon HillSSSI(B)[4]PartialSK461132| 52.7145 |-1.3190|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Bardon Hill SSSI}}13High moorland, highest point in Leicestershire (278m)Ambrose|2007|p=16}}
22Beacon Hill, Woodhouse Eaves[4] GCR{{sfn>Carney|2000|p=16}} & Ancient MonumentOpenSK513146| 52.7266 |-1.2418|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Beacon Hill, Leicestershire SSSI}}135Heathland, rocks, woodland hillfortLeicestershire County Council.[22]
23Broombriggs Farm and Windmill HillFarm TrailOpenSK523144| 52.7247 |-1.2271|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Broombriggs Farm and Windmill Hill]}}55Farmland and heathLeicestershire County Council. Pay car park.[23]
24Buddon BrookWebster|1997|p=41}}PartialSK556156| 52.7352 |-1.1780|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Buddon Brook}}Stream habitatPrivate farmland. A public footpath runs beside the stream.
25Buddon WoodSSSI(B&G)[4] and RIGS[5]NoneSK558152| 52.7316 |-1.1751|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Buddon Wood SSSI}}89Ancient Oak woodland, now mostly quarried away,Private – including Lafarge Aggregates.[24]
26Main Quarry, Mountsorrel[4] & GCR{{sfn>carney|2000|p=16}}NoneSK577148| 52.7278 |-1.1470|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Main Quarry, Mountsorrel SSSI}}14Quarry siteLafarge Aggregates. Largest manmade hole in Europe.School visits are possible.[25]
27Swithland Reservoir and Brazil IslandSSSI (B&G)[4] and RIGSPartialSK560142| 52.72260| -1.1723|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Swithland Reservoir SSSI}}98Open water, wooded banksSevern Trent Water. Limited road and footpath access. Excellent views from Great Central Railway, which crosses the reservoir via Brazil Island.
28The Brand, Swithland[4] & GCR{{sfn>Carney|2000|p=16}}NoneSK536133| 52.7147 |-1.2080|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=The Brand, Swithland}}18Oak woodland, grassy heath and old slate quarriesPrivate (Martin family). Occasional open days.[11]
29Roecliffe Manor LawnsSSSI(B)[4]NoneSK531125| 52.7076 |-1.2155|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Roecliffe Manor Lawns SSSI}}1.2Species rich grassland with rare fungiPrivate (Cottingham family).
30Swithland WoodSSSI(B&G)[4]OpenSK540123| 52.7057 |-1.2022|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Swithland Wood SSSI}}61Ancient Woodland and disused slate quarriesBradgate Park Trust. Pay car parks.
31Benscliffe WoodSSSI(B)[4]NoneSK514127| 52.7095 |-1.2406|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Benscliffe Wood SSSI}}10Mixed woodlandPrivate wood. Particularly rich in lichen species.
32Ulverscroft Nature Reserve, Whitcroft's LaneNature reserveRestrictedSK490124 | 52.7071 |-1.2762|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Ulverscroft Nature Reserve}}56Mixed woodland, marshy grassland and meadowNT, managed by LRWT (NT members need LRWT permit).[26]
33Rocky Plantation, Nr MarkfieldNature reserveRestrictedSK493118| 52.7016 |-1.2719|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Rocky Plantation}}3.4Mixed woodland and rocky outcropsNT, managed by LRWT. Open to Wildlife Trust and National Trust members only.[27]
34Lea Meadows, Ulverscroft LaneSSSI[4]OpenSK506115| 52.6988 |-1.2527|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Lea Meadows SSSI}}12MeadowLRWT, open to the public.[28]
35Billa Barra HillLNR[8] & RIGS[5]OpenSK468113| 52.6974 |-1.3089|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Billa Barra Hill}}20Old quarry, grassland, mature and recent woodland.Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council. Open to the public. Car Park on Billa Barra Lane.[29]
36New Cliffe Hill QuarryRIGS[5]NoneSK463108| 52.6929 |-1.3164|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=New Cliffe Hill Quarry}}243Quarry. Precambrian RocksMidland Quarry Products: working quarry (A tunnel links this to Cliffe Hill Quarry).[30]
37Cliffe Hill Quarry[4] GCR (I){{sfn>Carney|2000|p=16}} and RIGS[5]NoneSK475105| 52.6901 |-1.2987|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Cliffe Hill Quarry SSSI}}37Quarry. Precambrian RocksMidland Quarry Products: working quarry.[31]
38Altar Stones, MarkfieldNature reserveOpenSK485107| 52.6918 |-1.2839|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Altar Stones, Markfield}}3.7Rough heath grassland with rock outcropsLRWT, open to the public.[32]
39Hill Hole Quarry, MarkfieldNature reserve and RIGS[5]OpenSK486102| 52.6873| -1.2825|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Hill Hole Quarry}}5.4Flooded quarry, rock faces and grassland[33] The old quarry faces show the youngest of the area's Precambrian rocks. {{sfn>Ambrose|2007|p=35}}
40Cropston ReservoirSSSI(B&G)[4]NoneSK546110| 52.6939 |-1.1936|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Cropston Reservoir SSSI}}55Open water, wetlandsSevern Trent Water. No access but with good views from Bradgate Park.
41Bradgate Park[4] GCR(I){{sfn>Carney|2000|p=16}}OpenSK530110| 52.6917 |-1.2214|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Bradgate Park SSSI}}340Bracken heath, rocks, river, woodland, ancient oaksBradgate Park Trust. Pay car parks.
42Sheet Hedges Wood, Newtown LinfordSSSI(B)[4]OpenSK524087| 52.6735 |-1.2265|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Sheet Hedges Wood SSSI}}30Mixed woodlandLeicestershire County Council. Free car park near Groby Pool.[34]
43Groby PoolSSSI(B)[4]PartialSK523082| 52.6690| -1.2280|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Groby Pool SSSI}}28Open water, wetlandsAmalgamated Roadstone Corp. One side has good roadside paths and access with a large nearby free car park.
44Groby QuarryRIGS[5]NoneSK525083| 52.6699 |-1.2251|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Groby Quarry}}Working QuarryAmalgamated Roadstone Corporation (ARC)
45Martinshaw WoodWebster|1997|p=41}}OpenSK510072| 52.6601 |-1.2474|dim=500|type=forest|format=5|name=Martinshaw Wood}}102Mixed woodlandWoodland Trust.[35]

Abbreviations used in the table:

National nature reserve (NNR). Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) (B=Biological, G=Geological). Geological Conservation Review (GCR)(I=of International importance).{{sfn|Carney|2000|p=17}} Regionally Important Geological Site (RIGS). Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust (LRWT). National Trust (NT). Local nature reserve (LNR).

{{kml}}

See also

  • Henry Walter Bates
  • Thomas George Bonney
  • Charnwood
  • Quorn Hunt
  • Charnia

Notes

{{EB1911|wstitle=Charnwood Forest|volume=5}}
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/Images/jca73_tcm6-4950.pdf |title=Natural England Access to Evidence - National Character Areas |website=Naturalengland.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.peoplemakingplaces.org.uk/places/charnwood_history/charnwood_forest.htm | title=Charnwood History Overview | accessdate=2010-08-07 | publisher=People Making Places 2000: A creative Map of Charnwood | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214072216/http://www.peoplemakingplaces.org.uk/places/charnwood_history/charnwood_forest.htm | archivedate=14 February 2010 | df=dmy-all }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/walking/long_distance_paths.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928124707/http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/walking/long_distance_paths.htm |archivedate=28 September 2011 |df=dmy }}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 {{cite web|url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/special/sssi/citation_results.asp?P=1&S=&c=25 |title=Designated Sites View |website=English-nature.org.uk |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web|url=http://maps01.leics.gov.uk/GMaps/gmap_rigs.jsp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820150443/http://maps01.leics.gov.uk/GMaps/gmap_rigs.jsp |archivedate=20 August 2011 |df=dmy }}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://lrwt.org.uk/nature-reserves/cloud-wood/ |title=Cloud Wood - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust |website=Lrwt.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001903.pdf |format=PDF |title=County: Leicestershire, Site name: Shepshed Cutting, District: Charnwood |website=English-nature.org.uk |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_results.asp?N=&C=25&Submit=Search |title=Natural England - Special Sites |website=English-nature.org.uk |date=2013-10-20 |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nationalforest.org/visit/images/location/pdfs/1662-1.pdf |format=PDF |title=Morley Quarry LNR |website=Nationalforest.org |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.biffacorporate.co.uk/newhurst.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302152952/http://www.biffacorporate.co.uk/newhurst.aspx |archivedate=2 March 2011 |df=dmy }}
11. ^1 Crocker, J and Daws, J, 1996 Spiders of Leicestershire, p.207
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leioc.org.uk/fixtures/lei_country/cademan.php |title=Grace Dieu and Cademan Woods |website=Leioc.org.uk |date=2013-06-27 |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/leisure_tourism/museums/snibston/snibston_explore/snibstoncountrypark.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002053718/http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/leisure_tourism/museums/snibston/snibston_explore/snibstoncountrypark.htm |archivedate=2 October 2010 |df=dmy }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lrdg.org.uk/sites/nature-alive-coalville.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706133850/http://www.lrdg.org.uk/sites/nature-alive-coalville.php |archivedate=6 July 2008 |df=dmy }}
15. ^{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.mountsaintbernard.org/index.html |title=Home |publisher=Mount Saint Bernard |date=2016-04-09 |accessdate=2016-08-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514155713/http://mountsaintbernard.org/index.html |archivedate=14 May 2016 |df=dmy-all }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://lrwt.org.uk/nature-reserves/charnwood-lodge/ |title=Charnwood Lodge - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust |website=Lrwt.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ramblers.org.uk/freedom/righttoroam/newplacestowalk |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003090228/http://www.ramblers.org.uk/freedom/righttoroam/newplacestowalk |archivedate=3 October 2010 |df=dmy }}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/countryparks/country_parks_other_country_parks_picnic_areas/jubileewood.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215012439/http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/countryparks/country_parks_other_country_parks_picnic_areas/jubileewood.htm |archivedate=15 December 2010 |df=dmy }}
19. ^{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.charnwood.gov.uk/pages/outwoodsinformation |title=The Outwoods - Parks and open spaces - Charnwood Borough Council |website=Charnwood.gov.uk |date=2016-06-02 |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/walking/walks_to_nature_charnwood.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928123935/http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/walking/walks_to_nature_charnwood.htm |archivedate=28 September 2011 |df=dmy }}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://lrwt.org.uk/nature-reserves/charley-woods/ |title=Charley Woods - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust |website=Lrwt.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/countryparks/beacon.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606043311/http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/countryparks/beacon.htm |archivedate=6 June 2011 |df=dmy }}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/countryparks/broombriggs.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111083746/http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/countryparks/broombriggs.htm |archivedate=11 January 2011 |df=dmy }}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aditnow.co.uk/mines/Mountsorrel-Granite-Quarry/ |title=Mountsorrel Granite Quarry information and photos |website=Aditnow.co.uk |date=2007-11-02 |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lafarge.co.uk/AandCAggregates/A%20Guide%20to%20Mountsorrel%20Quarry.pdf |title=Bulk & Packed Cement | Lafarge Cement |website=Lafarge.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://lrwt.org.uk/nature-reserves/ulverscroft/ |title=Ulverscroft - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust |website=Lrwt.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://lrwt.org.uk/nature-reserves/rocky-plantation/ |title=Rocky Plantation - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust |website=Lrwt.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://lrwt.org.uk/nature-reserves/lea-meadows/ |title=Lea Meadows - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust |website=Lrwt.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
29. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk/info/200073/parks_and_open_spaces/361/billa_barra_hill |title=About Billa Barra Hill | Billa Barra Hill | Hinckley & Bosworth Borough Council |website=Hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk |date=2016-03-03 |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mindat.org/loc-1590.html |title=New Cliffe Hill Quarry, Stanton under Bardon, Leicestershire, England, UK |website=Mindat.org |date= |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalforest.org/visit/index.php?control=main&action=location&LocationId=1645 |title=Grace Dieu Wood | Visit National Forest |website=Nationalforest.org |date= |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://lrwt.org.uk/nature-reserves/altar-stones/ |title=Altar Stones - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust |website=Lrwt.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
33. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk/info/200073/parks_and_open_spaces/362/hill_hole_quarry |title=About Hill Hole Quarry | Hill Hole Quarry | Hinckley & Bosworth Borough Council |website=Hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk |date=2016-03-03 |accessdate=2016-08-29}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/countryparks/country_parks_other_country_parks_picnic_areas/sheethedges.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215184031/http://www.leics.gov.uk/index/environment/countryside/countryparks/country_parks_other_country_parks_picnic_areas/sheethedges.htm |archivedate=15 December 2010 |df=dmy }}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/en/our-woods/Pages/about-this-wood.aspx?wood%3D4180 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329063621/http://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/en/our-woods/Pages/about-this-wood.aspx?wood=4180 |archivedate=29 March 2012 |df=dmy }}

References

  • {{cite book |ref=harv|last=Ambrose|first= Keith|last2= Carney |first2=John |last3=Lott |first3=Graham |last4=Weightman |first4=Gill |last5=McGrath |first5=Annette |title=Exploring the landscape of Charnwood Forest and Mountsorrel: a walkers' guide to the rocks and landscape of Charnwood Forest and Mountsorrel |publisher= British Geological Survey|location=Keyworth, Nottingham|year= 2007 |isbn=978-0-85272-570-2 }}
  • {{cite book |ref=harv|last= Carney |first= J. N. |last2=Horak |first2=J. M. |last3=Pharaoh |first3=T. C. |last4=Gibbons |first4=W. |last5=Wilson |first5=D. |last6=Barclay |first6=W. J. |last7=Bevins |first7=R. E. |last8=Cope |first8=J. C. W. |last9=Ford |first9=T. D.|title= Precambrian Rocks of England and Wales |publisher= Joint Nature Conservation Committee |location= Peterborough |year= 2000 |series=Geological Conservation Review Series, No.20 |url=http://www.jncc.gov.uk/pdf/V20Chap1.pdf}}
  • {{cite book |ref=harv|last= Carney |first= J. N. |title= Guide to the Geology of Bradgate Park and Swithland Wood, Charnwood Forest |publisher= British Geological Survey |year= 2010 |series=Occasional Report, OR/10/041 |url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/11705/1/Bradgate_Guide_JNC2010.pdf}} (This report includes two high quality geological maps)
  • {{cite web | url=http://www.peoplemakingplaces.org.uk/places/charnwood_history/charnwood_forest.htm | title=Charnwood History Overview | accessdate=2010-08-07 | publisher=People Making Places 2000: A creative Map of Charnwood | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214072216/http://www.peoplemakingplaces.org.uk/places/charnwood_history/charnwood_forest.htm | archivedate=14 February 2010 | df=dmy-all }}
  • {{cite book |ref=harv|editor= Crocker, John|title= Charnwood Forest: a Changing Landscape|publisher= Loughborough Naturalists' Club|year= 1981 |isbn= 0-905837-10-X}}
  • {{cite book |ref=harv|last=Hirst|first=Alison | year= 1997|title=Charnwood Forest: Natural area Profile|url= http://www.english-nature.org.uk/Science/natural/profiles%5CnaProfile39.pdf}}
  • {{cite book |ref=harv|last= Squires |first= A. E. |last2=Humphrey |first2=W.|title= The Medieval Parks of Charnwood Forest |publisher= Sycamore Press |year= 1986|isbn=0-905837-15-0}}
  • {{cite book |ref=harv|last= Squires|first= A. E. |chapter=History of the Charnwood Forest Landscape|editor= John Crocker|title= Charnwood Forest: a Changing Landscape|publisher= Loughborough Naturalists' Club|year= 1981 |isbn= 0-905837-10-X}}
  • {{cite book |ref=harv|last= Webster|first= Michael| title=Birds of Charnwood|publisher= Kairos Press|year= 1997 |isbn=1-871344-12-3}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20040807004345/http://www.brixworth.demon.co.uk/charnwood/ Charnwood forest geology.]
  • Beacon Hill Country Park
{{coord|52.70|-1.25|type:forest_region:GB|display=title}}

3 : Forests and woodlands of Leicestershire|Hills of Leicestershire|Borough of Charnwood
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