| 词条 | Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference |
| 释义 |
|name = Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference |native_name = 中国人民政治协商会议 |image = Charter of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) logo.svg |image_size = 180px |caption = Logo of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference |abbreviation = CPPCC |type = Constitutional convention(Historical) Popular United Front Organ for Multi-party Cooperation and Political Consultation |leader_title = Chairman |leader_name = Wang Yang, CPC |leader_title2 = Vice Chairpersons |leader_name2 = Zhang Qingli, CPC Liu Qibao, CPC Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai, Nonpartisan Tung Chee-hwa, Nonpartisan Wan Gang, CZGP Edmund Ho, Nonpartisan Lu Zhangong, CPC Wang Zhengwei, CPC Ma Biao, CPC Chen Xiaoguang, CDL Leung Chun-ying, NHKA Xia Baolong, CPC Yang Chuantang, CPC Li Bin, CPC Bagatur , CPC Wang Yongqing, CPC He Lifeng, CPC Su Hui, TDSGL Zheng Jianbang, RCCKMT Gu Shengzu, CDNCA Liu Xincheng, CAPD He Wei, CPWDP Shao Hong, JS Gao Yunlong, CDNCA |leader_title3 = Secretary-General |leader_name3 = Xia Baolong, CPC |website = {{URL|http://www.cppcc.gov.cn/}} |headquarters = Beijing, People's Republic of China |main_organ = Plenum of the CPPCC(Historical) Plenary Session & Standing Committee of National Committee, CPPCC |purpose = Unity Construction for Socialist Modernization Chinese unification[1] |formation = 21 September 1949 }}{{Chinese |title = Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference |pic = Chart of CPPCC.jpg |picsize = 180 |s = {{linktext|中|国|人|民|政|治|协|商|会|议}} |t = {{linktext|中|國|人|民|政|治|協|商|會|議}} |p = Zhōngguó Rénmín Zhèngzhì Xiéshāng Huìyì |order = st |altname = Short form |s2 = 人民政协 |t2 = 人民政協 |p2 = Rénmín Zhèngxié |l2 = People's Political Consultation |altname3 = Shortest form |s3 = 政协 |t3 = 政協 |p3 = Zhèngxié |l3 = Political Consultation |s4 = 新政协 |t4 = 新政協 |p4 = Xīnzhèngxié |l4 = New Political Consultation }}{{Politics of China |expanded = United Front }} The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), also known as the People's PCC ({{zh|s=人民政协}}, {{Audio|Chinese-Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.ogg|listen|help=no}}) or simply the PCC ({{zh|s=政协|labels=no}}), is a political legislative advisory body in the People's Republic of China. The organisation consists of delegates from a range of political parties and organisations, as well as independent members. The proportion of representation of the various parties is determined by established convention, negotiated between the parties. In practice, the role of the Chinese People's Political Consultive Conference is close to a legislative upper house. The largest and dominant party in the Conference is the Communist Party of China which has about two thirds of the seats. Other members are drawn from the United Front parties allied with the CPC, and from independent members who are not members of any party. The Conference is intended to be more representative and be composed of a broader range of people than is typical of government office in the People's Republic of China. The National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference ({{zh|s=中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会|p=Zhōngguó Rénmín Zhèngzhì Xiéshāng Huìyì Quanguo Weiyuanhui|links=no}}, shortened {{zh|s=全国政协|p=Quánguó Zhèngxié |l = National PCC |links=no}}) typically holds a yearly meeting at the same time as plenary sessions of the National People's Congress (NPC). Both CPPCC National Committee and NPC plenary sessions are often called the "National Lianghui" (Two Sessions), making important national level political decisions. A less common translation is "the National Congress". This translation is discouraged, as it causes confusion with the National People's Congress as well as with the National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The organisational hierarchy of the CPPCC includes the National Committee and regional committees. Regional committees of the CPPCC include the provincial, prefecture, and county level. According to Article 19, Section 2 of the Charter of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the relationship between the National Committee and the regional committees is a relationship of guidance (no direct leadership). So are the relationships between upper-level regional committees and lower-level committees. Operating budgets on each level are independently administered by the financial administrations for the region, making the National committee and all regional committees separate individual entities. An indirect leadership, however, exists via the United Front Departments on each level. The composition of the political advisors in the PCC, consisting of 2158 members, changes according to national objectives and priorities. Previously dominated by senior figures in real-estate, state-owned companies and "princelings", the PCC of 2018 is primarily composed of individuals from China's burgeoning technology sector.[2] HistoryThe Conference dated prior to the existence of People's Republic of China. During negotiations between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang in 1945, the two parties agreed to open multiparty talks on post-World War II political reforms via a Political Consultative Conference. This was included in the Double Tenth Agreement. This agreement was implemented by the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China, who organised the first Political Consultative Assembly from January 10–31, 1946. Representatives of the Kuomintang, Communist Party of China, Chinese Youth Party, and China Democratic League, as well as independent delegates, attended the conference in Chongqing. In 1949, with the Communist Party having gained control of most of mainland China, they organised a "new" Political Consultative Conference in September, inviting delegates from various friendly parties to attend and discuss the establishment of a new state. This conference was then renamed the People's Political Consultative Conference. The first conference approved the Common Program, which served as the de facto constitution for the next five years. The conference approved the new national anthem, flag, capital city, and state name, and elected the first government of the People's Republic of China. In effect, the first People's Political Consultative Conference served as a constitutional convention. From 1949 to 1954, the conference became the de facto legislature of the PRC. In 1954, the Constitution transferred this function to the National People's Congress. Present roleThe role that CPPCC plays in the Chinese government is stated in the preamble of the PRC Constitution. In practice, its role and powers are somewhat analogous to an advisory legislative upper house and there have been proposals to formalise this role in the PRC Constitution. {{Quote box|style=max-width:120em|align=center|bgcolor=none|quote="The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, a broadly based representative organization of the united front which has played a significant historical role, will play a still more important role in the country’s political and social life, in promoting friendship with other countries and in the struggle for socialist modernization and for the reunification and unity of the country. The system of the multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China will exist and develop for a long time to come."|source=—Preamble of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China[3] }}But according to China's official Xinhua News Agency, It is neither a body of state power nor a policymaking organ, but an important platform for democratically participating in state affairs. In practice, CPPCC members serve as advisors for the government and legislative and judicial organs.[4] The Communist Party of China and the aligned "democratic parties" participate in the CPPCC. Besides political parties, CPPCC also invites of representatives from various sectors of society.[5] The parties and groups which are represented in the CPPCC are:
National CommitteeStanding Committee
Past Chairmen of the Committee and the current Chairman:
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Special CommitteesThe CPPCC National Committee has 10 Special Committees:
Annual sessions
Composition of membersThere have been 2200 members in the 12th National Committee of CPPCC since June 2017:[6]
The People’s Political Consultative DailyThe People’s Political Consultative Daily (《人民政协报》) is the press window of information on direct policies and viewpoints of the CPPCC. Like most of the Chinese political organs, the newspaper serves as the mouthpiece and press for the conference. Compared with other governmental newspapers, such as The People's Daily or The PLA Daily, The People’s Political Consultative Daily is not as hard line, but rather smooth in terms of wording. This is geared towards the nature of the organisation which many non-party members also participate in the conference. Regional committees
See also{{Portal|China|Politics|Communism}}
References1. ^http://www.cppcc.gov.cn/2011/12/16/ARTI1513309180827898.shtml 2. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/2135642/tech-entrepreneurs-replace-real-estate-tycoons-political-advisers|title=Tech entrepreneurs dominate as China’s political advisers in IT push|date=2018-03-04|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=2018-03-06|language=en}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Constitution/2007-11/15/content_1372962.htm|title=The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China|author=|date=|website=www.npc.gov.cn}} 4. ^Q&A: Roles and functions of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference www.xinhuanet.com 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cppcc.gov.cn/zxww/2012/07/03/ARTI1341300912828101.shtml|title=Charter of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference|author=|date=|website=www.cppcc.gov.cn}} 6. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.cppcc.gov.cn/zxww/2014/02/27/ARTI1393487184783942.shtml |script-title=:zh:中国人民政治协商会议第十二届全国委员会委员名单 |language = zh |website = www.cppcc.gov.cn }} External links
2 : Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|1949 establishments in China |
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