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词条 Clay Shaw
释义

  1. Background

  2. Arrest and trial

  3. Death

  4. Later disclosures

  5. Portrayals

  6. References

  7. Further reading

  8. External links

{{about|the New Orleans businessman|the Florida politician|Clay Shaw (politician)}}{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}{{Infobox person
| image = Clay Shaw.jpg
| name = Clay Shaw
| birth_name = Laverne C. Shaw
| birth_date = {{birth date|1913|03|17}}
| birth_place = Kentwood, Louisiana, United States
| death_date = {{death date and age |1974|08|15 |1913|03|17 |mf=yes}}
| death_place = New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| nationality =
| years_active =
| education = Warren Easton High School
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Businessman and director of the International Trade Mart in New Orleans
| spouse =
| children =
| parents = {{unbulleted list|Glaris Lenora Shaw.|Alice Herrington Shaw}}
| awards =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
| allegiance = {{flag|United States}}
| branch = {{flag|United States Army}}
| serviceyears =
| rank = Major
| unit =
| battles = World War II
| awards =
}}
}}{{Garrison JFK investigation}}

Clay LaVerne Shaw (March 17, 1913 – August 15, 1974)[1] was a businessman in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was the only person prosecuted in connection with the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and was acquitted.

Background

Shaw, a native of Kentwood, Louisiana, was the son of Glaris Lenora Shaw,[2] a United States Marshal, and Alice Shaw.[3] His grandfather had been the sheriff of Tangipahoa Parish.[3] When he was five, Shaw's family moved to New Orleans, where he eventually attended Warren Easton High School.[3]

Shaw served as an officer in the United States Army during World War II. He served as secretary to the General Staff and later served in Europe. He was decorated by three nations: the United States with the Legion of Merit and Bronze Star, by France with the Croix de Guerre and named Chevalier de l'Ordre du Merite, and by Belgium named Chevalier of the Order of the Crown of Belgium. Shaw was honorably discharged from the United States Army as a major in 1946.[4]

After World War II Shaw helped start the International Trade Mart in New Orleans which facilitated the sales of both domestic and imported goods. He was known locally for his efforts to preserve buildings in New Orleans' historic French Quarter.[5]

Shaw was also a published playwright. The best-known of his works, Submerged (1929),[6] was co-authored with H. Stuart Cottman[7][8][9] when both were still high-school students.[10][11]

Arrest and trial

{{main|Trial of Clay Shaw}}

New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison prosecuted Clay Shaw on the charge that Shaw and a group of activists, including David Ferrie and Guy Banister, were involved in a conspiracy with elements of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the John F. Kennedy assassination. Garrison arrested Shaw on March 1, 1967.[12] Garrison believed that Shaw was the man named as "Clay Bertrand" in the Warren Commission Report. Garrison said that Shaw used the alias Clay Bertrand in New Orleans' gay society.[13][14]

During the trial, which took place in January–February 1969, Garrison called insurance salesman Perry Russo{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} as his main witness. Russo testified that he had attended a party at the apartment of anti-Castro activist David Ferrie. At the party, Russo said that Lee Harvey Oswald (who Russo said was introduced to him as "Leon Oswald"), David Ferrie, and "Clay Bertrand" (who Russo identified in the courtroom as Shaw) had discussed killing Kennedy.[15] The conversation included plans for the "triangulation of crossfire" and alibis for the participants.[15]

Critics of Garrison argue that his own records indicate that Russo's story had evolved over time.[16] A key source was the "Sciambra Memo," which recorded Assistant D.A. Andrew Sciambra's[17] first interview with Russo. The memo does not mention an "assassination party," and says that Russo met with Shaw on two occasions, neither of which occurred at the party.[18]

On March 1, 1969, Shaw was found not guilty on all charges after the jury deliberated for less than one hour. Despite his acquittal, Shaw's reputation and public image never fully recovered.[19][20][21]

Death

A heavy smoker most of his life, Clay Shaw died on {{death date and age|1974|08|15|1913|03|17}} about 12:40 AM at his residence, 1022 St. Peter Street.[22] The death certificate was signed by Dr. Hugh M. Batson, with the cause of death listed as metastatic lung cancer.[23] Shaw was buried in Woodland Cemetery in Kentwood, Louisiana.[24]

At the time of his death, Shaw was engaged in a $5 million suit against Garrison and members of an organization, Truth and Consequences Inc., that financed Garrison's investigation.[25] As Shaw had no surviving relatives, the United States Supreme Court dismissed the suit in 1978.[26]

Later disclosures

  • In 1979, Richard Helms, former director of the CIA, testified under oath that Shaw had been a part-time contact of the Domestic Contact Service of the CIA, where Shaw volunteered information from his travels abroad, mostly to Latin America.[27]
  • In 1996, the CIA revealed that Shaw had obtained a "five Agency" clearance in 1949.[28]

Portrayals

Tommy Lee Jones portrayed Shaw in Oliver Stone's 1991 film JFK.[29] He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the role.[30]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/JKJJ-D61 |title=Person Details for Clay L Shaw, "United States Social Security Death Index" — |publisher=FamilySearch |date= |accessdate=2014-01-15}}
2. ^{{cite web|title= United States World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942 |url= https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X59S-M3R}} shows Clay's father's full name "Glaris Lenora Shaw", born in Kentwood Louisiana on 25 November 1887.
3. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1=James |first1=Rosemary |author-link1= |last2=Wardlaw |first2=Jack |author-link2=Jack Wardlaw |year=1967 |title=Plot Or Politics?: The Garrison Case and Its Cast |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lGnINlzlpsIC&printsec=frontcover |location=New Orleans |publisher=Pelican Publishing Company |page=62 |isbn=9781589809185 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}
4. ^"Clay L. Shaw", Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 9: 1971-75. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1994.
5. ^Milton E. Brener, The Garrison Case (New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1969), pp. 62-64; Patricia Lambert, False Witness (New York: M. Evans and Co., 1998), pp. 48-49; Paris Flammonde, The Kennedy Conspiracy (New York: Meredith Press, 1969), pp. 71-74; Clay Shaw testimony, State of Louisiana v. Clay L. Shaw, February 27, 1969 "The JFK 100: Who Was Clay Shaw?"
6. ^{{cite book|last1= Cottman |first1= H. Stuart |last2= Shaw |first2= Le Vergne |authorlink2= Clay Shaw |editor-last= Wise |editor-first= Claude Merton |title= Submerged: a tragedy in one act |date= 1929-10-23 |publisher= Row, Peterson & Company |location= Evanston, Illinois |series= Gateway series of tested plays |oclc= 949841804}}
7. ^{{cite web|title= Louisiana, Orleans Parish Vital Records, 1905-1913, 1955-1963 |url= https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QLQX-XWL4}} shows Herman Stuart Cottman birthdate as 23 March 1911.
8. ^{{cite web|title= United States Census, 1930 |url= https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XMRX-HDW}} shows Herman S. Cottman residing in household of Alfred J. Lewis in New Orleans, Louisiana, being 19 years old as of April 4, 1930.
9. ^{{cite web|title= Louisiana First Registration Draft Cards, compiled 1940-1945 |url= https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVMF-RDFT}} shows Herman Stuart Cottman birthdate as 23 March 1911.
10. ^{{cite book|last1=Snyder|first1=Michael|editor1-last=Williams|editor1-first=John Delane|editor2-last=Waite|editor2-first=Robert G.|editor3-last=Gordon|editor3-first=Gregory S.|title=John F. Kennedy History, Memory, Legacy: An Interdisciplinary Inquiry|date=2010|url=https://www.und.edu/org/jfkconference/|accessdate=27 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523143325/http://www.und.edu/instruct/jfkconference/JFKChapter81.doc|archivedate=23 May 2013|chapter="I Feel Like a Spring Lamb" - What Clay Shaw's Literary Life Reveals}}
11. ^{{cite web|last= Kubiatowicz |first= David |title= A Short Acting Career |date= 2010-03-13 |accessdate= 2017-11-24 |location= White Bear Lake, Minnesota |url= http://dkubiatowiczblog.blogspot.com/2010/03/short-acting-career.html |quote= [The premise of Submerged] is a crippled submarine in which the Commander ... has decided to launch himself out of the torpedo hold with a note on his body indicating the location of the submarine for would be rescuers to see.}}
12. ^{{cite news |coauthors= |title=New Orleans Civic Leader Accused. Quizzed for Five Hour's About Conspiracy in Assassination |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/510216142.html?dids=510216142:510216142&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Mar+02,+1967&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=JFK+PLOT+ARREST&pqatl=google |work=The New York Times |date=March 2, 1967 |accessdate=April 12, 2010 | first=Nicholas C | last=Chriss}}
13. ^James Phelan, Scandals, Scamps, and Scoundrels, pp. 150-51. ({{ISBN|0-394-48196-8}})
14. ^Garrison, Jim. On The Trail of the Assassins, (New York: Sheridan Square Press, 1988), pp. 85-86. {{ISBN|0-941781-02-X}}
15. ^1 Testimony of Perry Raymond Russo, State of Louisiana vs. Clay L. Shaw, February 10, 1969.
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jfkassassination.net/willing.htm |title=Way Too Willing Witness |publisher=Jfkassassination.net |date= |accessdate=September 17, 2010}}
17. ^Direct Examination of Assistant District Attorney Andrew Sciambra by Defense Attorney Alcock, State of Louisiana vs. Clay L. Shaw, February 12, 1969.
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/russo2.txt |title=The Sciambra Memo |date= |accessdate=September 17, 2010}}
19. ^Clay Shaw Interview, Penthouse, November 1969, pp. 34-35.
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/garr/trial/Feb_28e/html/Feb_28e_0048a.htm |title=Clay Shaw Trial Transcripts, February 28, 1969, page 47 |publisher=Aarclibrary.org |date= |accessdate=November 1, 2013}}
21. ^{{cite news|author=The Times-Picayune archive |url=http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2010/07/andrew_moo_moo_sciambra_who_wo.html |title=John Pope, "Andrew 'Moo Moo' Sciambra, who worked on Jim Garrison investigation of JFK assassination, dies at age 75." ''The Times-Picayune,'' (July 28, 2010) |publisher=Nola.com |date= |accessdate=2013-11-26}}
22. ^{{cite news |coauthors= |title=Clay Shaw Is Dead at 60. Freed in Kennedy 'Plot'. New Orleans Businessman Accused of Planning President's Murder. Doubts Are Cited. Both 'Plotters' Dead |url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20B1FFB3A551A7493C4A81783D85F408785F9 |work=The New York Times |date=August 16, 1974 |accessdate=April 12, 2010 | first=David | last=Bird}}
23. ^{{cite web |date= |url = http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/death9.htm|title=Clay Shaw: Mysterious Death?|publisher= John C. McAdams |accessdate= 2017-11-29 |last=|quote=}} Date of Hospitalization Case Report: 1974-08-28
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=7-DgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA680&dq=clay+shaw+woodland+cemetery&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGmYCAme7eAhXVGTQIHTi-BwgQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=clay+shaw+woodland+cemetery&f=false|title=Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.|first=Scott|last=Wilson|date=August 17, 2016|publisher=McFarland|via=Google Books}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19740816&id=9QIOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Vm0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=7037,1909517&hl=en|title=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nola.com/175years/index.ssf/2011/12/1968_the_clay_shaw_trial_in_jf.html|title=1968: The Clay Shaw trial on JFK conspiracy charges|first=The|last=Times-Picayune|website=NOLA.com}}
27. ^{{cite journal|last=Holland|first=Max|title=The Lie That Linked CIA to the Kennedy Assassination|journal=Studies in Intelligence|year=2001|issue=Fall-Winter 2001; 11|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/fall_winter_2001/article02.html|accessdate=August 15, 2014|authorlink=Max Holland|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency: Center for the Study of Intelligence|location=Washington, D.C.}}
28. ^{{cite web | title = ARRB REQUEST: CIA-IR-06, QKENCHANT |publisher = Central Intelligence Agency |url = http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_0000904662.pdf |format = pdf |date = 1996-05-14 |accessdate = 2013-11-25 |page = 5}}
29. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/01/movies/film-tommy-lee-jones-snarls-his-way-to-the-pinnacle.html |title=FILM; Tommy Lee Jones Snarls His Way to the Pinnacle |first=Bernard |last=Weinraub |author-link=Bernard Weinraub |date=1 August 1993 |access-date=26 January 2019 |newspaper=NY Times |page=2011 |publisher=The New York Times Company}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/24/tommy-lee-jones-first-oscars-photo_n_2737171.html |title=Tommy Lee Jones’ First Oscar Win Brought With It Some Awesome Eyewear |date=24 February 2013 |access-date=6 December 2017 |work=Huffington Post |publisher=Oath Inc.}}
31. ^ form. Seehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotesfor a discussion of different citation methods and how to generatefootnotes using the: ,

Further reading

  • {{Cite book |first=Milton |last=Brener |title=The Garrison Case: A Study in the Abuse of Power |location=New York |publisher=C. N. Potter |year=1969 }}{{ISBN missing}}
  • {{Cite book |first=Jim |last=Garrison |authorlink=Jim Garrison |title=A Heritage of Stone |location= |publisher=Putnam Publishing Group |year=1970 |isbn=0-399-10398-8 }}
  • {{Cite book |first=Jim |last=Garrison |authorlink=Jim Garrison |title=On the Trail of the Assassins |location=New York |publisher=Sheridan Square Press |year=1988 |isbn=0-446-36277-8 }}
  • {{Cite journal |first=Max |last=Holland |title=The Power of Disinformation: The Lie that Linked CIA to the Kennedy Assassination |journal=Studies in Intelligence |issue=Fall-Winter |year=2001 |volume=11 }}
  • {{Cite book |first=James |last=Kirkwood |title=American Grotesque: An Account of the Clay Shaw–Jim Garrison–Kennedy Assassination Trial in New Orleans |location=New York |publisher=HarperPerennial |year=1992 |isbn=0-06-097523-7 }}
  • {{Cite book |first=Patricia |last=Lambert |title=False Witness: The Real Story of Jim Garrison's Investigation and Oliver Stone's Film 'JFK' |location=New York |publisher=M. Evans |year=2000 |isbn=0-87131-920-9 }}
  • {{Cite book |first=Anthony |last=Summers |authorlink=Anthony Summers |title=Not in Your Lifetime |location=New York |publisher=Marlowe & Company |year=1998 |isbn=1-56924-739-0 }}
  • {{Cite book |first=Harold |last=Weisberg |title=Oswald in New Orleans: Case for Conspiracy with the C.I.A. |location=New York |publisher=Canyon Books |year=1967 |isbn= }}{{ISBN missing}}

External links

  • Jim Garrison and New Orleans
  • Louisiana v. Shaw (1969) trial transcript
  • Orleans Parish Grand Jury transcripts
  • Esquire December 1968 interview with Clay Shaw, James Kirkwood
  • Penthouse interview with Clay Shaw
  • Jim Garrison Interview, Playboy magazine, Eric Norden, October 1967
  • JFK Online: Jim Garrison audio resources - mp3s of Garrison speaking
  • The JFK 100: One Hundred Errors of Fact and Judgment in Oliver Stone's JFK: Who was Clay Shaw?
  • {{Find a Grave|6337502|Clay Shaw}}
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaw, Clay}}

11 : 1913 births|1974 deaths|American military personnel of World War II|Businesspeople from New Orleans|Deaths from cancer in Louisiana|Deaths from lung cancer|People from Kentwood, Louisiana|People associated with the assassination of John F. Kennedy|Knights of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)|Recipients of the Legion of Merit
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