| 词条 | Croydon Central (UK Parliament constituency) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Croydon Central |parliament = uk |map1 = CroydonCentral2007 |map_size = 200px |map2 = |map_entity = Greater London |map_year = |year = 1974 |abolished = |type = Borough |elects_howmany = One |previous = Croydon South |next = |electorate = 76,980 (December 2010)[1] |mp = Sarah Jones |party = Labour |region = England |county = Greater London |european = London }} Croydon Central is a constituency created in 1974 and is represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2017 by Labour MP Sarah Jones.{{#tag:ref|A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)|group= n}}{{#tag:ref|As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.|group= n}} The seat bucked the national results in 2005 and in 2017, leaning to right and left respectively being in other results a bellwether, its winner belonging to the winning party nationally since 1979. Constituency profileCroydon Central covers a wedge of the London Borough of Croydon to the east of central Croydon and is much more marginal than the other selected two parliamentary divisions constrained to the borough itself; Croydon South (which is safely Conservative) and Croydon North (which is safely Labour). The northern parts are characterised by terraced houses and urban areas, with small council estates. Labour gains much support from in particular Addiscombe, Fieldway, Woodside and Ashburton. The southern area, largely Conservative, consists of suburban semi-detached houses, populated by commuters, surrounded by golf courses and parkland. The wards of Shirley, Heathfield and Fairfield give large Conservative votes. In the south-east corner is a large former council estate, New Addington; home to more than 10,000 people. The estate is largely white and has comprised the whole or vast bulk of one or two wards of the United Kingdom in its history. The New Addington wards saw one of the highest turnouts of British National Party supporters during the 2002 and 2006 council elections, which the BNP described as their "heyday decade," however it never elected a local councillor from the party – it's slate of councillors has been consistently Labour. Except on one occasion in 2010, where a Conservative councillor was elected for the first time since 1968. Historically, Labour's strength in the area had been on the council estates, particularly New Addington, but in 2014, Labour support was reduced by UKIP, gauging 24% of the overall vote. The two major-stop railway stations on the national network,{{#tag:ref|East Croydon station operates as a regional-level stop; West Croydon station has stopping and semi-fast services.|group= n}} most office buildings, businesses and shopping centres of Croydon are in the seat. A wide range of flats forms a major part of the housing sector unlike neighbouring seats, from upmarket expensively-built apartments with dedicated gym and restaurant facilities to ex-local authority brutalist architecture tower blocks, most of which had been replaced by the 2010s decade. Political historyThe constituency that preceded Croydon Central, Croydon South (1918-1950) and (1955-1974) had the modern borough area's two periods of brief Labour Party parliamentary representation — David Rees-Williams held the forerunner from the 1945 Labour landslide until unfavourable boundary changes in 1950. David Winnick was MP 1966-1970.{{#tag:ref|Winnick was returned to the House of Commons (1979-2017) for Walsall North in Staffordshire|group= n}}. Otherwise the area at parliamentary level has elected, since 1918, Conservative MPs. In 1997, Croydon's seats were reduced from four to three and the displaced Conservative members had to face one another for the right to stand in the new Croydon Central seat (Croydon North by then a Labour-held seat). The MP for Croydon North East, David Congdon was chosen over Sir Paul Beresford, the MP for the former Croydon Central seat. However, three years after Labour had taken control of Croydon Council, Labour's Geraint Davies saw off Congdon with a majority of 4,000 votes. He retained the seat with a similar majority in 2001, but lost by just 75 votes to Conservative Andrew Pelling in 2005, with the Liberal Democrats and Green Party gaining a local record of 7,000 votes between them. The 2015 general election result, gave the seat the third-most marginal majority of the Conservative Party's 331 seats by percentage of majority.[2] In 2017, Labour's Sarah Jones gained the seat with a majority of 5,652 votes, the largest in the seat for any party since 1992. Croydon Central is one of five constituencies, the others being Enfield Southgate, Leeds North West, Peterborough and Reading East; which elected Labour MPs in 2017 having not done so since 2001. Boundaries
Croydon Central covers the central and eastern parts of the London Borough of Croydon, one of the Borough's three seats. It is bordered by Croydon North and Croydon South, as well as Beckenham to the east. The seat was redrawn in the 1997 redistribution, taking in territory from most of the pre-1997 Croydon Central constituency (losing Waddon ward to the redrawn Croydon South) and part of the abolished Croydon North East constituency. It covers an area that was Croydon South constituency until 1974 when part of Surrey East was incorporated into a new Croydon South constituency, following the creation of the London Borough of Croydon in 1965. Members of Parliament
Election resultsElections in the 2010s{{Election box begin|title=Next United Kingdom General Election: Croydon Central [4]}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate =Mario Creatura |votes = |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box majority |votes = |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box Registered electors| |reg. electors = |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| title=General Election 2017: Croydon Central[5][6] }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Sarah Jones |votes = 29,873 |percentage = 52.3 |change = +9.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Gavin Barwell[7] |votes = 24,221 |percentage = 42.4 |change = -0.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Gill Hickson |votes = 1,083 |percentage = 1.9 |change = -0.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Peter Staveley |votes = 1,040 |percentage = 1.8 |change = -7.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Tracey Hague |votes = 626 |percentage = 1.1 |change = -1.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Christian Peoples Alliance |candidate = John Boadu |votes = 177 |percentage = 0.3 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent politician |candidate = Don Locke |votes = 71 |percentage = 0.1 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 5,652 |percentage = 9.9 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 57,091 |percentage = 71.3 |change = +3.6 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 80,045 }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |loser = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +5.1 }}{{election box end}}{{Election box begin| title=General Election 2015: Croydon Central[8][9]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Gavin Barwell |votes = 22,753 |percentage = 43.0 |change = +3.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Sarah Jones |votes = 22,588 |percentage = 42.7 |change = +9.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Peter Staveley |votes = 4,810 |percentage = 9.1 |change = +7.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Esther Sutton[10] |votes = 1,454 |percentage = 2.7 |change = +1.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = James Fearnley |votes = 1,152 |percentage = 2.2 |change = -11.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition |candidate = April Ashley |votes = 127 |percentage = 0.2 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate| |party = Progressive Democracy |color = #DDDDDD |candidate = Martin Camden |votes = 57 |percentage = 0.1 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority |votes = 165 |percentage = 0.3 |change = -5.9 }}{{Election box turnout |votes = 52,941 |percentage = 67.7 |change = +2.2 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 78,171 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = -2.8 }}{{Election box end}}{{see also|Opinion polling in United Kingdom constituencies, 2010–15#Croydon Central}}{{Election box begin| title=General Election 2010: Croydon Central[11][12][13]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Gavin Barwell |votes = 19,657 |percentage = 39.5 |change = -0.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Co-operative |candidate = Gerry Ryan |votes = 16,688 |percentage = 33.5 |change = -7.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Peter Lambell |votes = 6,553 |percentage = 13.2 |change = +0.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Andrew Pelling |votes = 3,239 |percentage = 6.5 |change = -34.3 {{refn|group=n|Compared to his vote share as a Conservative candidate at the previous election.}} }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = British National Party |candidate = Cliff le May |votes = 1,448 |percentage = 2.9 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Ralph Atkinson |votes = 997 |percentage = 2.0 |change = -0.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Bernice Golberg |votes = 581 |percentage = 1.2 |change = -1.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Christian Party (UK) |candidate = James Gitau |votes = 264 |percentage = 0.5 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Official Monster Raving Loony Party |candidate = John Cartwright |votes = 192 |percentage = 0.4 |change = +0.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent (politician) |candidate = Michael Castle |votes = 138 |percentage = 0.3 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 2,969 |percentage = 5.9 |change = +5.7 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 49,967 |percentage = 65.4 |change = +3.0 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 76,349 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +3.3 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 2000s{{Election box begin| title=General Election 2005: Croydon Central[14]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Andrew Pelling |votes = 19,974 |percentage = 40.8 |change = +2.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Geraint Davies |votes = 19,899 |percentage = 40.6 |change = −6.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Jeremy Hargreaves |votes = 6,384 |percentage = 13.0 |change = +1.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = Ian Edwards |votes = 1,066 |percentage = 2.2 |change = +1.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Bernice Golberg |votes = 1,036 |percentage = 2.1 |change = +2.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Veritas (political party) |candidate = Marianne Bowness |votes = 304 |percentage = 0.6 |change = +0.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Official Monster Raving Loony Party |candidate = John Cartwright |votes = 193 |percentage = 0.4 |change = –0.5 }}{{Election box candidate| |party = The People's Choice! Exclusively For All |candidate = Janet Stears |votes = 101 |percentage = 0.2 |change = +0.2 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 75 |percentage = 0.2 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 48,957 |percentage = 60.6 |change = +1.5 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 81,149 }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |loser = Labour Party (UK) |swing = +4.4 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| title=General Election 2001: Croydon Central[15]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Geraint Davies |votes = 21,643 |percentage = 47.2 |change = +1.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = David Congdon |votes = 17,659 |percentage = 38.5 |change = –0.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Paul Booth |votes = 5,156 |percentage = 11.2 |change = +0.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = James Feisenberger |votes = 545 |percentage = 1.2 |change = +0.7 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = British National Party |candidate = Linda Miller |votes = 449 |percentage = 1.0 |change = +1.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Official Monster Raving Loony Party |candidate = John Cartwright |votes = 408 |percentage = 0.9 |change = +0.9 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 3,984 |percentage = 8.7 |change = +1.7 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 45,860 |percentage = 59.1 |change = –10.5 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 77,568 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |swing = +0.8 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1990s{{Election box begin||title=General Election 1997: Croydon Central[16][17]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Geraint Davies |votes = 25,432 |percentage = 45.6 |change = +10.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = David Congdon |votes = 21,535 |percentage = 38.6 |change = −16.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = George W. Schlich |votes = 6,061 |percentage = 10.9 |change = –2.4 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Referendum Party |candidate = Charles E. Cook |votes = 1,886 |percentage = 3.3 |change = +3.3 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Green Party of England and Wales |candidate = Mario−Simon Barnsley |votes = 595 |percentage = 1.1 |change = +1.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = UK Independence Party |candidate = John L.A. Woollcott |votes = 290 |percentage = 0.5 |change = +0.5 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 3,897 |percentage = 7.0 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 55,799 |percentage = 69.6 |change = -1.9 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 80,152 }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Labour Party (UK) |loser = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = +15.5 }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1992: Croydon Central[18][19]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = Paul Beresford |votes = 22,168 |percentage = 55.4 |change = −1.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Geraint Davies |votes = 12,518 |percentage = 31.3 |change = +6.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Democrats (UK) |candidate = Deborah J. Richardson |votes = 5,342 |percentage = 13.3 |change = −5.7 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 9,650 |percentage = 24.1 |change = −8.2 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 40,028 |percentage = 71.5 |change = +1.0 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 55,798 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = −4.1 }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1980s{{Election box begin||title=General Election 1987: Croydon Central[20]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Moore |votes = 22,133 |percentage = 56.60 |change = +2.79 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Bridget Prentice |votes = 9,516 |percentage = 24.35 |change = +1.02 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Social Democratic Party (UK) |candidate = Tyrell Burgess |votes = 7,435 |percentage = 19.02 |change = -3.84 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 12,617 |percentage = 32.28 |change = +1.79 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 39,084 |percentage = 70.54 |change = +1.95 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 55,410 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election 1983: Croydon Central[21] }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Moore |votes = 20,866 |percentage = 53.81 |change = +3.34 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Andrew MacKinlay |votes = 9,045 |percentage = 23.33 |change = -13.36 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Social Democratic Party (UK) |candidate = Tyrell Burgess |votes = 8,864 |percentage = 22.86 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 11,821 |percentage = 30.49 |change = +14.71 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 38,775 |percentage = 68.59 |change = -7.09 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 56,531 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}} Elections in the 1970s{{Election box begin||title=General Election 1979: Croydon Central}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Moore |votes = 26,457 |percentage = 52.47 |change = +10.39 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = D.F. White |votes = 18,499 |percentage = 36.69 |change = -5.06 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = J.P. Johnson |votes = 5,112 |percentage = 10.14 |change = -6.03 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Independent Conservative |candidate = M.J. Soper |votes = 238 |percentage = 0.47 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Workers Revolutionary Party (UK) |candidate = P. Gibson |votes = 116 |percentage = 0.23 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 7,958 |percentage = 15.78 |change = +15.44 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 50,422 |percentage = 75.68 |change = +3.09 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 66,629 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election October 1974: Croydon Central }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Moore |votes = 20,390 |percentage = 42.08 |change = +1.59 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = David Winnick |votes = 20,226 |percentage = 41.75 |change = +3.75 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Ian Henry Maxwell |votes = 7,834 |percentage = 16.17 |change = -5.34 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 164 |percentage = 0.34 |change = -2.15 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 48,450 |percentage = 72.59 |change = -7.15 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 66,746 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin| |title=General Election February 1974: Croydon Central}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |party = Conservative Party (UK) |candidate = John Moore |votes = 21,353 |percentage = 40.49 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Richard Rosser |votes = 20,039 |percentage = 38.00 |change = N/A }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Ian Henry Maxwell |votes = 11,346 |percentage = 21.51 |change = N/A }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 1,314 |percentage = 2.49 |change = N/A }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 62,745 |percentage = 79.74 |change = N/A }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors = 66,140 }}{{Election box new seat win |winner = Conservative Party (UK) |swing = N/A }}{{Election box end}} See also
Notes and references
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.boundarycommissionforengland.org.uk/electoral-figures/electoral-figures.htm |title=Electorate Figures – Boundary Commission for England |date=4 March 2011 |work=2011 Electorate Figures |publisher=Boundary Commission for England |accessdate=13 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106204053/http://www.boundarycommissionforengland.org.uk/electoral-figures/electoral-figures.htm |archivedate=6 November 2010 |df=dmy }} 2. ^List of Conservative MPs elected in 2015 by % majority UK Political.info. Retrieved 2017-01-29 3. ^{{Rayment-hc|c|6|date=March 2012}} 4. ^https://twitter.com/theresa_may/status/1069235178042728448?s=19 5. ^https://www.croydon.gov.uk/sites/default/files/articles/downloads/SPN.NOP_.Central.pdf 6. ^http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7979/CBP-7979.pdf 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.croydonadvertiser.co.uk/conservative-mp-says-the-more-jeremy-corbyn-is-in-croydon-the-happier-he-ll-be/story-30283309-detail/story.html|title=Gavin Barwell announces he'll stand again for Croydon Central|work=croydonadvertiser.co.uk}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 2015|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=17 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017112223/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt|archivedate=17 October 2015}} 9. ^https://www.croydon.gov.uk/sites/default/files/articles/downloads/Croydon-Central-election-results_1.pdf 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://croydon.greenparty.org.uk/news/2014/10/22/croydon-green-party-announces-prospective-parliamentary-candidates/|title=Croydon Green Party – Croydon Green Party Announces Prospective Parliamentary Candidates|work=greenparty.org.uk|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221221640/http://croydon.greenparty.org.uk/news/2014/10/22/croydon-green-party-announces-prospective-parliamentary-candidates/|archivedate=21 December 2014|df=dmy-all}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 2010|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=17 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726162034/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2010.txt|archivedate=26 July 2013 }} 12. ^General Election 2010 – Croydon Central BBC News 13. ^Croydon Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204234541/http://www.croydon.gov.uk/democracy/dande/elections/electionresults/parliament2010|date=4 December 2013 }} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 2005|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2005ob.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054249/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2005ob.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 2001|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2001ob.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054450/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2001ob.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 1997|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1997.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054424/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1997.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/constit/022.htm|title=Croydon Central (Archive)|date=17 November 2010|work=Election 1992|publisher=Politics Resources|accessdate=14 August 2011}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 1992|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1992ob.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054418/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1992ob.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge92/ge92index.htm|title=Politics Resources|date=9 April 1992|work=Election 1992|publisher=Politics Resources|accessdate=6 December 2010}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 1987|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1987.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054243/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1987.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Election Data 1983|url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1983.txt|publisher=Electoral Calculus|accessdate=18 October 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015054231/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_1983.txt|archivedate=15 October 2011}}
External links
| 1832 = n | 1868 = n | 1885 = n | 1918 = n | 1950 = n | 1955 = n | 1974 = y | 1983 = y | 1997 = y }}{{LB Croydon}}{{coord|51.369|-0.054|type:city_region:GB-CRY|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Croydon Central (Uk Parliament Constituency)}} 3 : Parliamentary constituencies in London|Politics of the London Borough of Croydon|United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies established in 1974 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。