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词条 Demographics of Afghanistan
释义

  1. Population statistics

     Age structure  Population growth rate  Urbanization  Sex ratio 

  2. Vital statistics

     UN estimates[11]  Fertility and Births   Structure of the population[13]   Life expectancy  

  3. Development and health indicators

      Literacy   School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)  HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate  HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS  HIV/AIDS – deaths  Major infectious diseases 

  4. Ethnic groups

  5. Languages

  6. Religion

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. Further reading

  10. External links

{{About|the population of the country of Afghanistan|ethnic groups|Ethnic groups in Afghanistan}}{{Infobox country demographics
|country = Afghanistan
|image =
|caption = Sport fans inside the Ghazi Stadium in the capital of Kabul, which is multi-ethnic.
|size_of_population = 33,332,025 (2016)[1]
|growth = 2.34% (2016)
|birth = 38.3 births/1,000 population (2016)
|death = 13.7 deaths/1,000 population (2016)
|life = 60.5 years (2015)[2]
|life_male = 59.3 years
|life_female = 61.9 years
|infant_mortality = 66.3 deaths/1,000 live births[3]
|fertility = 5.33 children born/woman (2015)
|age_0-14_years = 42.3% (male 6,464,070/female 6,149,468)
|age_15-64_years = 55.3% (male 8,460,486/female 8,031,968)
|age_65_years = 2.4% (male 349,349/female 380,051)
|sr_total_mf_ratio = 1.03 male/female
|sr_at_birth = 1.05 male/female
|sr_under_15 = 1.03 male/female
|sr_15-64_years = 1.04 male/female
|sr_65_years_over = 0.87 male/female
|nation = noun: Afghan(s)
|major_ethnic = Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, and others
|official = Dari and Pashto [4]
|spoken = Pashto, Dari, Uzbeki, Turkmeni, and other
}}

The population of Afghanistan is around 33 million as of 2016,[1] which includes the roughly 3 million Afghan citizens living as refugees in both Pakistan and Iran.[6] The nation is composed of a multi-ethnic and multilingual society, reflecting its location astride historic trade and invasion routes between Central Asia, Southern Asia, and Western Asia. Its largest ethnic group is the Pashtun, followed by Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Aimak, Turkmen, Baloch and a few others.[1][1]

Approximately 46% of the population is under 15 years of age, and 74% of all Afghans live in rural areas.[2] The average woman gives birth to five children during her entire life and 6.8% of all babies die in child-birth or infancy.[2] Life expectancy was reported in 2015 at 60.5 years[2] and only 0.04% of the population has HIV.[1]

Pashto and Dari are both the official languages of the country.[4]

Dari, which is known as the Afghan Persian, functions as the lingua franca. Pashto is widely used in the region south of the Hindu Kush mountains and the Indus River in neighboring Pakistan. Uzbek and Turkmen are smaller languages spoken in parts of the north.[1] Multilingualism is common throughout the country, especially in the major cities.

Islam is the religion of more than 99% of Afghanistan's citizens. Roughly 90% of the population practice Sunni Islam and belong to the Hanafi Islamic law school, while 7–15% are followers of Shia Islam;[1][16] the majority of whom belong to the Twelver branch, with smaller numbers of Ismailis. The remaining 1% or less practice other religions such as Sikhism and Hinduism. Excluding urban populations in the principal cities, most People are organized into tribal and other kinship-based groups, who follow their own traditional customs, for instance Pashtuns Pashtunwali. The majority of the country's population lives in rural areas and is involved in agricultural activities.

Population statistics

{{Further information|Afghan diaspora}}

As of 2016, the total population of Afghanistan is around 33,332,025,[3] which includes the 3 million Afghan nationals living in both Pakistan and Iran.[6] Afghanistan's Central Statistics Organization (CSO) stated in 2011 that the total number of Afghans living inside Afghanistan was about 26 million and by 2017 it reached 29.2 million. Of this, 15 million are males and 14.2 million are females.[4] About 22% of the population is urbanite and the remaining 78% live in rural areas.[5]

The population was reported in 1979 at about 15.5 million.[6][7] From 1979 until the end of 1983, some 5 million people left the country to take shelter in neighboring northwestern Pakistan and eastern Iran. This exodus was largely unchecked by any government. The Afghan government in 1983 reported a population of 15.96 million, which presumably included the exodus.[8]

It is assumed that roughly 600,000 to as high as 2 million Afghans may have been killed during the various 1979–2001 wars.[9] These figures are highly questionable and no attempt has ever been made to verify them.[8] The country's population is expected to reach 82 million by 2050.[10]

Urban areas have experienced rapid population growth in the last decade, which is due to the return of over 5 million expats. The only city in Afghanistan with over a million residents is its capital, Kabul. The other largest cities in the country are shown in the chart below.

{{Largest cities of Afghanistan}}

Age structure

0–14 years: 42.3% (male 6,464,070/female 6,149,468)


15–64 years: 55.3% (male 8,460,486/female 8,031,968)


65 years and over: 2.4% (male 349,349/female 380,051) (2011 est.)

Population growth rate

In 1979, the population was reported to be about 15.5 million.[6]

2.32% (2015)[3]


country comparison to the world: 39

Urbanization

urbanization population: 24% of the total population (2008)


rate of urbanization: 5.4% annual rate of change (2005–10)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15–64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female


total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2009)

Vital statistics

UN estimates[11]

PeriodLive births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR1CDR1NC1TFR1IMR1
1950–1955403 000295 000108 00052.936.916.07.45275.0
1955–1960440 000291 000149 00052.934.818.17.45260.6
1960–1965488 000295 000192 00052.832.720.27.45245.4
1965–1970545 000304 000242 00052.630.322.47.45228.1
1970–1975610 000313 000297 00052.127.924.27.45211.4
1975–1980657 000307 000350 00051.525.626.07.45194.5
1980–1985630 000259 000371 00051.824.127.77.45182.8
1985–1990597 000207 000390 00052.222.729.57.47171.9
1990–1995714 000210 000505 00052.621.431.27.48161.8
1995–2000914 000239 000675 00052.420.132.37.65152.3
2000–20051 057 000248 000810 00048.418.330.17.18143.7
2005–20101 142 000240 000902 00045.116.828.36.37136.0
2010–20151 130 000233 000897 00045.116.828.35.26136.0
2015–20201 158 000234 000924 00045.116.828.34.41136.0
2020–20251 167 000240 000927 00045.116.828.33.71136.0
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[12]

YearCBR (Total)TFR (Total)CBR (Urban)TFR (Urban)CBR (Rural)TFR (Rural)
201035.65.134.74.535.95.2
201536.85.3 (4.4)35.84.8 (3.7)37.15.4 (4.6)

Structure of the population[13]

Structure of the population (2012.01.07) (Data refer to the settled population based on the 1979 Population Census and the latest household prelisting. The refugees of Afghanistan in Iran, Pakistan,

and an estimated 1.5 million nomads, are not included):

Life expectancy

total population:

60.5 years (2015)[14][15]
country comparison to the world: 214


male: 59.3 years (2013)[14]
female: 61.9 years (2013)[14]
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years		PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195528.61985–199047.7
1955–196031.11990–199551.7
1960–196533.41995–200054.2
1965–197035.62000–200556.9
1970–197537.82005–201060.0
1975–198040.42010–201562.3
1980–198543.6

Source: UN World Population Prospects[16]

Development and health indicators

{{Main article|Health in Afghanistan|Education in Afghanistan}}

Literacy

Definition: People over the age of 15 that can read and write

Total population: 38.2% (2015)[3]

Male: 52%

Female: 24.2%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 11 years


male: 13 years


female: 8 years (2014)

HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate

0.04% (2015)[3]

HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS

Up to 6,900 (2015 estimate)[3][17]

In 2008, health officials in Afghanistan reported 504[18] cases of people living with HIV but by the end of 2012 the numbers reached 1,327. The nation's healthy ministry stated that most of the HIV patients were among intravenous drug users and that 70% of them were men, 25% women, and the remaining 5% children. They belonged to Kabul, Kandahar and Herat, the provinces from where people make the most trips to neighboring and foreign countries.[19] Regarding Kandahar, 22 cases were reported in 2012. "AIDS Prevention department head Dr Hamayoun Rehman said 1,320 blood samples were examined and 21 were positive. Among the 21 patients, 18 were males and three were females who contracted the deadly virus from their husbands. He said four people had reached a critical stage while three had died. The main source of the disease was the use of syringes used by drug addicts."[20] There are approximately 23,000 addicts in the country who inject drugs into their bodies using syringes
country comparison to the world: 168

HIV/AIDS – deaths

Up to 300 (2015 estimate)[3]

Major infectious diseases

Degree of risk: high

  • Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
  • Vector-borne diseases: malaria
  • Animal contact diseases: rabies

Note: WH5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk as of 2009.{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}}

Ethnic groups

{{Main article|Ethnic groups in Afghanistan}}

In August 2017, a nationwide distribution of e-ID cards (e-Tazkiras) is scheduled to begin. The ethnicity of each citizen is to be provided in the application. This process is expected to reveal the exact figures about the size and composition of the country's ethnic groups.[21]

Article Four of the Afghan Constitution mentions a total of 14 ethnic groups. An approximate distribution of the ethnolinguistic groups is shown in the map to the right and listed in the chart below:

Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
Ethnic groupImage{{small|Recent estimate[3]{{small|Pre-2004 estimates[22][23][24]
Pashtun42%38–50 percent
Tajik27%25–26.3% (of this 1% are Qizilbash)
Hazara9%6–13 percent
Uzbek9%6–8% percent
Aimak4%500,000 to 800,000
Turkmen3%2.5 percent
Baloch2%100,000
Others (Pashai, Nuristani, Arab, Brahui, Pamiri, Gujjar, etc.)4%6.9 percent
{{Clear}}

The recent estimate in the above chart is some what supported by the below national opinion polls, which were aimed at knowing how a group of about 804 to 8,706 local residents in Afghanistan felt about the current war, political situation, as well as the economic and social issues affecting their daily lives. Ten surveys were conducted between 2004 and 2015 by the Asia Foundation (a sample is shown in the table below; the survey in 2015 did not contain information on the ethnicity of the participants) and one between 2004 and 2009 by a combined effort of the broadcasting companies NBC News, BBC, and ARD.[25][26]

Answers regarding ethnicity provided by 804 to 7,760 Afghans in national opinion polls
Ethnic group{{small|"Afghanistan: Where Things Stand" (2004–2009)[26]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2006)[25]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2007)[25]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2011)[25]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2012)[25]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2014)[25]
Pashtun38-46%40.9%40%41%40%40%
Tajik37-39%37.1%35%31%33%36%
Hazara6-13%9.2%10%11%11%10%
Uzbek5-7%9.2%8%9%9%8%
Aimak0-0%0.1%1%1%1%1%
Turkmen1-2%1.7%3%2%2%2%
Baloch1-3%0.5%1%1%1%1%
Others (Pashayi, Nuristani, Arab, etc.)0-4%1.4%2%3%5%5%
No opinion0-2%0%0%0%0%0%
{{Clear}}

Languages

{{Main article|Languages of Afghanistan}}{{bar box
| titlebar=#ddd
|float = right
|title = Languages of Afghanistan[3]
|bars ={{bar percent|Dari (Afghan Persian)|green|50}}{{bar percent|Pashto|red|35}}{{bar percent|Uzbek and Turkmen|blue|11}}{{bar percent|30 others including Balochi and Pashai|pink|4}}
}}

Pashto and Dari are both the official languages of Afghanistan.[27] Dari, which is recognized as the Afghan Persian, serves as the lingua franca in majority of Afghanistan. It is the language resorted to when people of different ethnic groups need to conduct business or otherwise communicate, and spoken natively by the Tajik, Hazara, and Aimak population; overall 80% of the population can speak Farsi (Dari).[28] Pashto is widely used in south eastern and eastern areas of the country where ethnic Pashtuns are the majority, including by majority of the Afghans in Pakistan. The Afghan National Anthem is recited in Pashto.

Uzbeki and Turkmeni are spoken in certain parts of the northern provinces, mainly among the Uzbek and Turkmen tribes. Smaller number of Afghans are also fluent in Urdu, Balochi, Arabic and other languagees. English is taught in schools and is gradually becoming popular among the younger generation.

An approximate distribution of languages spoken in the country is shown in the line chart below:

Languages of Afghanistan
Language{{small|Recent estimate[3]{{small|Pre-1992 estimates[22][29][30]
Dari (Afghan Persian)50%25-50%
Pashto35%50-55%
Uzbek8.5%9%
Turkmen2.5%500,000 speakers
30 others (Balochi, Nuristani, Pashayi, Brahui, Hindko, Pamiri, Kyrgyz, Gujari, Arabic, etc.)4%4%
{{Clear}}

Based on information from the latest national opinion polls, up to 51% stated that they can speak or understand Pashto and up to 79% stated that they can speak or understand Dari. Uzbeki was spoken or understood by up to 11% and Turkmen by up to 7%. Other languages that can be spoken are Arabic (4%) and Balochi (2%).[25][26]

Religion

{{Main|Religion in Afghanistan}}{{bar box
|titlebar=#ddd
|float=right
|title=Religion in Afghanistan (2009)[3]
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|bars={{bar percent|Islam|green|99.7}}{{bar percent|others|blue|0.3}}
|caption=
}}

Almost the entire Afghan population is Muslim, with less than 1% being non-Muslim. Despite attempts to secularize Afghan society, Islamic practices pervade all aspects of life. Likewise, Islamic religious tradition and codes, together with traditional practices, provide the principal means of controlling personal conduct and settling legal disputes. Islam was used as the main basis for expressing opposition to the modernization of Afghanistan by King Amanullah in the 1920s. It was also used by the mujahideen during the 1980s Soviet–Afghan War and by the Taliban today.

  • Islam: 99.7% of the total population
    • Sunni Muslim: 84.7–90%[3][31]
    • Shia Muslim: 7–15%[3][31]
  • others: less than 1%
    • Baha'is in the hundreds
    • Sikhism: In the thousands
    • Hinduism: In the thousands
    • Zoroastrianism: Unknown/unreported
    • Christianity: Unknown
    • Judaism (one known individual: Zablon Simintov)
    • Buddhism: Unknown
National opinion polls (religion)
Religion{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2004)[25]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2006)[25]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2007)[25]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2008)[25]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2009)[25]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2010)[25]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2011)[25]{{small|"A survey of the Afghan people" (2012)[25]
Sunni Islam92%87.9%87%"""""
Shia Islam7%10.4%12%"""""
Ismailism1%1.2%0%"""""
Hinduism0%0.1%0%"""""
Buddhism0%0.1%0%"""""
Sikhism0%0.1%0%"""""
{{Clear}}

See also

{{Portal|Afghanistan}}
  • Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
  • Culture of Afghanistan

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/04/21/what-chance-for-afghanistan/|title=What Chance for Afghanistan?|first=Anatol|last=Lieven|date=21 April 2016|publisher=|via=www.nybooks.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422124057/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/04/21/what-chance-for-afghanistan/|archivedate=22 April 2016|df=}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://uis.unesco.org/country/af|title=Afghanistan|author=|date=|website=uis.unesco.org|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510121322/http://uis.unesco.org/country/AF|archivedate=2017-05-10|df=}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html |title=Afghanistan |work=The World Factbook |publisher=www.cia.gov |accessdate=2017-05-17 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920072213/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html |archivedate=2017-09-20 |df= }}
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6. ^1 "[https://www.un.org/News/dh/latest/afghan/un-afghan-history.shtml United Nations and Afghanistan]". UN News Centre. Retrieved 29 December 2013. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031084259/http://www.un.org/News/dh/latest/afghan/un-afghan-history.shtml |date=October 31, 2013 }}
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15. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/11/30/life-expectancy-afghanistan-rises-past-60-years |title=Life expectancy in Afghanistan rises past 60 years |publisher=Pajhwok Afghan News |date=November 30, 2011 |accessdate=December 5, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145913/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/11/30/life-expectancy-afghanistan-rises-past-60-years |archivedate=May 14, 2012 |df= }}
16. ^{{cite web|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|deadurl=|format=|accessdate=2017-07-15|archiveurl=|archivedate=|last=|date=|year=|month=|day=|language=|pages=|quote=}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/12/03/50pc-surge-hiv-cases-says-dalil |title=50pc surge in HIV cases, says Dalil |publisher=Pajhwok Afghan News |date=December 3, 2011 |accessdate=2011-12-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523205800/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/12/03/50pc-surge-hiv-cases-says-dalil |archivedate=2013-05-23 |df= }}
18. ^Children at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS in Afghanistan {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230093130/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/afghanistan_46717.html |date=2010-12-30 }}. December 1, 2008.
19. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2012/12/01/over-1300-hiv-cases-registered-afghanistan |title=Over 1,300 HIV cases registered in Afghanistan |publisher=Pajhwok Afghan News |date=December 1, 2012 |accessdate=2012-12-02 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523205512/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2012/12/01/over-1300-hiv-cases-registered-afghanistan |archivedate=May 23, 2013 |df= }}
20. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2012/12/02/aids-patients-have-doubled-kandahar-official |title=AIDS patients have doubled in Kandahar: Official |publisher=Pajhwok Afghan News |date=December 2, 2012 |accessdate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523194028/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2012/12/02/aids-patients-have-doubled-kandahar-official |archivedate=May 23, 2013 |df= }}
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22. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact90/world12.txt|title=The World Factbok – Afghanistan|quote=_#_Ethnic divisions: Pashtun 50%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 9%, Hazara 12-15%; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and other|work=The World Factbook/Central Intelligence Agency|publisher=University of Missouri|date=October 15, 1991|accessdate=2011-03-20|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427053700/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact90/world12.txt|archivedate=April 27, 2011|df=}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0037)|title=Ethnic Groups|publisher=Library of Congress Country Studies|year=1997|accessdate=2010-10-08|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110132651/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+af0037%29|archivedate=2009-01-10|df=}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact92/wf930006.txt|title=PEOPLE – Ethnic divisions:|quote=Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others|work=The World Factbook/Central Intelligence Agency|publisher=University of Missouri|date=January 22, 1993|accessdate=2011-03-20}}
25. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 See*{{cite web |url = http://www.asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/Surveybook2012web1.pdf |format = PDF |title = Afghanistan in 2012 – A survey of the Afghan people |pages = 181–182 |quote = Appendix 1: Target Demographics 181... Pashtun 40%, Tajik 33%, Uzbek 9%, Hazara 11%, Turkmen 2%, Baloch 1%, Nuristani 1%, Aimak 1%, Arab 2%, Pashaye 1%, Sadat 1% |publisher = The Asia Foundation |location = Kabul, Afghanistan |accessdate = 2012-11-28 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121115230323/http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/Surveybook2012web1.pdf |archivedate = 2012-11-15 |df = }}*{{cite web |url = http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/TAF2011AGSurvey.pdf |format = PDF |title = Afghanistan in 2011 – A survey of the Afghan people |page = 251 |quote = 15. Appendix 3: Interview Questionnaire... D-10. Which ethnic group do you belong to? SINGLE RESPONSE ONLY Pashtun 41%, Tajik 32%, Uzbek 9%, Hazara 11%, Turkmen 2%, Baloch 1%, Nuristani 1%, Aimak 1%, Arab 1%, Sadat 1% |publisher = The Asia Foundation |location = Kabul, Afghanistan |accessdate = 2012-11-13 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20121113121525/http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/TAF2011AGSurvey.pdf |archivedate = 2012-11-13 |df = }}*{{cite web |url = http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/Afghanistanin2010survey.pdf |format = PDF |title = Afghanistan in 2010 – A survey of the Afghan people |pages = 225–226 |quote = D-9. Which ethnic group do you belong to? SINGLE RESPONSE ONLY Pashtun 42%, Tajik 31%, Uzbek 9%, Hazara 10%, Turkmen 2%, Baloch 1%, Nuristani 1%, Aimak 2%, Arab 2% |publisher = The Asia Foundation |location = Kabul, Afghanistan |year = 2010 |accessdate = 2011-03-20 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110719221519/http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/Afghanistanin2010survey.pdf |archivedate = 2011-07-19 |df = }}*{{cite web |url = http://www.asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/Afghanistanin2009.pdf |format = PDF |title = Afghanistan in 2009: A Survey of the Afghan People |quote = The 2009 survey interviewed 6,406 Afghans (53% men and 47% women) |publisher = The Asia Foundation |location = Kabul, Afghanistan |accessdate = 2012-11-28 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120907040332/http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/Afghanistanin2009.pdf |archivedate = 2012-09-07 |df = }}*{{cite web |url = http://www.asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/Afghanistanin2008.pdf |format = PDF |title = Afghanistan in 2010 – A survey of the Afghan people |quote = The 2008 survey interviewed 6,593 Afghans... |publisher = The Asia Foundation |location = Kabul, Afghanistan |accessdate = 2012-11-28 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120905002127/http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/Afghanistanin2008.pdf |archivedate = 2012-09-05 |df = }}*{{cite web |url = http://www.asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/AGsurvey07.pdf |format = PDF |title = Afghanistan in 2007 – A survey of the Afghan people |pages = 225–226 |quote = The 2007 survey interviewed 6,406 Afghans, Which ethnic group do you belong to? SINGLE RESPONSE ONLY Pashtun 40%, Tajik 35%, Uzbek 8%, Hazara 10%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 1%, Nuristani 1%, Aimak 1%, Arab 1% |publisher = The Asia Foundation |location = Kabul, Afghanistan |year = 2010 |accessdate = 2011-03-20 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110813043634/http://www.asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/AGsurvey07.pdf |archivedate = 2011-08-13 |df = }}*{{cite web |url = http://www.asiafoundation.org/pdf/AG-survey06.pdf |format = PDF |title = Afghanistan in 2006 – A survey of the Afghan people |pages = 83–88 |quote = A total of 6,226 respondents were surveyed in the study, out of which 4888 (78.5%) were from the rural areas and 1338 (22%) were from the urban areas. Ethnicity: Pashtun 40.9, Tajik 37.1, Uzbek 9.2, Hazara 9.2, Turkmen 1.7, Baloch 0.5, Nuristani 0.4, Aimak 0.1, Arab 0.7, Pashayi 0.3 |publisher = The Asia Foundation |location = Kabul, Afghanistan |accessdate = 2012-11-28 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120413085751/http://www.asiafoundation.org/pdf/AG-survey06.pdf |archivedate = 2012-04-13 |df = }}*{{cite web |url = http://www.asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/afghanvotered04.pdf |format = PDF |title = Afghanistan in 2004 – A survey of the Afghan people |quote = The 2004 survey interviewed 804 Afghans, Which ethnic group do you belong to? Pashtun 46%, Tajik 39%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 6%, Turkmen 1%, Baloch 0%, Nuristani 1%, Aimak 0%, Arab 1%, Pashaye 0%, Other 1%. |publisher = The Asia Foundation |location = Kabul, Afghanistan |year = 2004 |accessdate = 2012-11-28 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120906011313/http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/afghanvotered04.pdf |archivedate = 2012-09-06 |df = }}
26. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/images/PollingUnit/1083a1Afghanistan2009.pdf|format=PDF|title=ABC NEWS/BBC/ARD poll - Afghanistan: Where Things Stand|pages=38–40|publisher=ABC News|location=Kabul, Afghanistan|accessdate=2010-10-29|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110717212433/http://abcnews.go.com/images/PollingUnit/1083a1Afghanistan2009.pdf|archivedate=2011-07-17|df=}}
27. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Article Sixteen of the Constitution of Afghanistan|url=http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html#preamble|quote=From among the languages of Pashto, Dari, Uzbeki, Turkmani, Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristani, Pamiri (alsana), Arab and other languages spoken in the country, Pashto and Dari are the official languages of the state.|year=2004|accessdate=July 25, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028065437/http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html#preamble|archivedate=October 28, 2013|df=}}
28. ^{{Cite journal|last=Reinman|first=Suzanne L.|date=2010-09-21|title=The World Factbook2010302The World Factbook. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency 1975‐. , ISBN: 1553 8133 Gratis Last visited April 2010|url=URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the‐world‐factbook/|journal=Reference Reviews|volume=24|issue=7|pages=7–8|doi=10.1108/09504121011077057|issn=0950-4125|via=}}
29. ^{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-v-languages|title=AFGHANISTAN v. Languages|quote=A. Official languages. Paṧtō (1) is the native tongue of 50 to 55 percent of Afghans... Persian (2) is the language most spoken in Afghanistan. The native tongue of twenty five percent of the population, it is split into numerous dialects.|publisher=Encyclopædia Iranica|work=Ch. M. Kieffer|accessdate=2010-10-10|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429162829/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-v-languages|archivedate=2011-04-29|df=}}
30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_country.asp?name=Afghanistan |title=Languages of Afghanistan |work=SIL International |publisher=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |accessdate=2010-09-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130093407/http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_country.asp?name=Afghanistan |archivedate=2009-01-30 |df= }}
31. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|date=August 9, 2012|work=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity|publisher=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|accessdate=4 September 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226113158/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|archivedate=26 December 2016|df=}}

Further reading

  • Banting, Erinn. [https://books.google.com/books?id=fl8cd15sc7wC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Afghanistan the People]. Crabtree Publishing Company, 2003. {{ISBN|0-7787-9336-2}}.
  • Caroe, Olaf (1958). [https://books.google.com/books?id=rZ0tAQAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s The Pathans: 500 B.C.-A.D. 1957]. Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints. Oxford University Press, 1983. {{ISBN|0-19-577221-0}}.
  • Dupree, Nancy Hatch. [https://books.google.com/books?id=T__DHAAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s An Historical Guide to Afghanistan]. 2nd Edition. Revised and Enlarged. Afghan Air Authority, Afghan Tourist Organization, 1977.
  • Elphinstone, Mountstuart. 1819. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RSEPAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s An account of the kingdom of Caubul, and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and India: Comprising a view of the Afghaun nation, and a history of the Dooraunee monarchy]. Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, and J. Murry, 1819.
  • Habibi, Abdul Hai. 2003. "Afghanistan: An Abridged History." Fenestra Books. {{ISBN|1-58736-169-8}}.
  • Hopkins, B. D. 2008. [https://books.google.com/books?id=FOMUAQAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s The Making of Modern Afghanistan]. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. {{ISBN|0-230-55421-0}}.
  • Reddy, L. R. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NubtDf2T3cAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Inside Afghanistan: end of the Taliban era?]. APH Publishing, 2002. {{ISBN|81-7648-319-2}}.
  • Amy Romano. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TKUxyVCrYn0C&source=gbs_navlinks_s A Historical Atlas of Afghanistan]. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003. {{ISBN|0-8239-3863-8}}.
  • Vogelsang, Willem. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9kfJ6MlMsJQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s The Afghans]. Wiley-Blackwell, 2002. Oxford, UK & Massachusette, USA. {{ISBN|0-631-19841-5}}.

External links

{{commons|People of Afghanistan}}
  • Map of ethnic groups of Afghanistan
  • USAID/Afghanistan Strategy
  • Afghanistan Information Management Services
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20100128120310/http://www.cso.gov.af/demography/population.html Central Statistics Organization of Afghanistan]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20100707012815/http://www.mrrd.gov.af/English/index.htm Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation & Development of Afghanistan]
  • Afghanistan – Naval Postgraduate School
{{Ethnic groups in Afghanistan}}{{Afghanistan topics}}{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Demography Of Afghanistan}}

2 : Demographics of Afghanistan|Afghan people
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