| 词条 | Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = The Earl of Derby | honorific-suffix = KG GCB GCVO PC | image = Lord Stanley of Preston.jpg | signature = Lord Stanley Signature.svg | monarch2 = Victoria | order2 = President of the Board of Trade | predecessor2 = A. J. Mundella | primeminister2 = The Marquess of Salisbury | party = Conservative | monarch1 = Queen Victoria | office1 = Governor General of Canada | order1 = 6th | predecessor1 = The Marquess of Lansdowne | primeminister1= Canadian: John A. Macdonald John Abbott John Thompson British: Marquess of Salisbury William Ewart Gladstone | successor1 = The Earl of Aberdeen | successor2 = Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Bt | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1841|1|15}} | birth_place = London, UK | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1908|06|14|1841|01|15}} | death_place = Holwood, Kent, UK | nationality = British Canadian | spouse = Lady Constance Villiers (1840–1922) | children = {{ubl|Isobel Stanley (1875–1963)|the Hon. Sir Victor Stanley, R.N. (1867–1934)|Sir Arthur Stanley (1869–1947)|Sir George Frederick Stanley (1872–1938)|Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby (1865–1948)|Ferdinand Charles Stanley}} | alma_mater = Eton Royal Military College, Sandhurst |nickname = |allegiance = {{flagcountry|UK}} |branch = {{Army|UK}} |serviceyears = 1862–1865 |rank = Captain |unit = Grenadier Guards |commands = |battles = |awards = | term_start1 = 11 June 1888 | term_end1 = 18 September 1893 | term_start2 = 3 August 1886 | term_end2 = 21 February 1888 | order3 = Secretary of State for the Colonies | term_start3 = 24 June 1885 | term_end3 = 28 January 1886 | monarch3 = Victoria | primeminister3 = The Marquess of Salisbury | predecessor3 = The Earl of Derby | successor3 = The Earl Granville | order4 = Secretary of State for War | term_start4 = 2 April 1878 | term_end4 = 21 April 1880 | monarch4 = Victoria | primeminister4 = The Earl of Beaconsfield | predecessor4 = Gathorne Hardy | successor4 = Hugh Childers }} Frederick Arthur Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KG|GCB|GCVO|PC}} (15 January 1841 – 14 June 1908), known as Frederick Stanley until 1886 and as Lord Stanley of Preston between 1886 and 1893, was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom who served as Colonial Secretary from 1885 to 1886 and the sixth Governor General of Canada, from 1888 to 1893. An avid sportsman, he built Stanley House Stables in England, and is famous in North America for presenting Canada with the Stanley Cup. Stanley was also one of the original inductees of the Hockey Hall of Fame. Background and educationDerby was the second son of Prime Minister Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, and the Hon. Emma Caroline, daughter of Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 1st Baron Skelmersdale. He was born in London and was educated at Eton and Sandhurst. He received a commission in the Grenadier Guards, rising to the rank of Captain.[1] Political careerDerby left the army for politics, serving as a Conservative Member of Parliament (for Preston from 1865 to 1868, North Lancashire from 1868 to 1885 and Blackpool from 1885 to 1886). In government, he served as a Civil Lord of the Admiralty (1868), Financial Secretary to the War Office (1874–1878), Secretary to the Treasury (1878), War Secretary (1878–1880) and Colonial Secretary (1885–1886).[1] In 1886, he was created Baron Stanley of Preston, in the County Palatine of Lancaster. He served as President of the Board of Trade (1886–1888), remaining in that office until he was appointed Governor General of Canada.[1] Derby was a Freemason.[2] Governor General of CanadaStanley was appointed the Governor General of Canada and Commander in Chief of Prince Edward Island on 1 May 1888.[1] During his term as Governor General, he travelled often and widely throughout the country. His visit to western Canada in 1889 gave him a lasting appreciation of the region's great natural beauty as well as permitting him to meet the people of Canada's First Nations and many western ranchers and farmers. During his visit he dedicated Stanley Park, which is named after him. He also experienced the joys of fishing and avidly pursued the sport whenever his busy schedule allowed. As governor general, Stanley was the third holder of that office to whom Queen Victoria granted the power of granting pardons to offenders or remitting sentences and fines and the power of mitigating capital or any other sentence.[1] When Sir John A. Macdonald died in office of heart failure on 6 June 1891, Stanley lost the close friendship he had enjoyed with the Prime Minister. He asked Sir John Abbott to take over as prime minister. Once the government was in place, Abbott resigned for health reasons and turned the government over to Sir John Thompson. Stanley helped cement the non-political role of the governor general when, in 1891, he refused to agree to a controversial motion in the House of Commons. The motion called on him as governor general to disallow the government of Quebec's Jesuit Estates Act, which authorized paying $400,000 as compensation for land granted to the Jesuits by the King of France.[1] The opposition to the bill was introduced by the other provinces who were motivated by mistrust of the Roman Catholic Church in Quebec. Stanley declined to interfere, citing the proposed disallowal as unconstitutional. In holding to this decision, he gained popularity by refusing to compromise the viceregal position of political neutrality. Stanley's wife, whom Sir Wilfrid Laurier described as "an able and witty woman", made a lasting contribution during her husband's term of office. In 1891, she founded the Lady Stanley Institute for Trained Nurses on Rideau Street, the first nursing school in Ottawa. She was also an enthusiastic fan of hockey games at the Rideau Rink. Stanley Cup{{main|Stanley Cup}}Stanley's sons became avid ice hockey players in Canada, playing in amateur leagues in Ottawa, and Lord and Lady Stanley became staunch hockey fans. In 1892, Stanley gave Canada a treasured national icon, the Stanley Cup, known originally as the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup. He originally donated the trophy as a challenge cup for Canada's best amateur hockey club, but in 1909, it became contested by professional teams exclusively. Since 1926, only teams of the National Hockey League have competed for the trophy. This now-famous cup bears Stanley's name as tribute to his encouragement and love of outdoor life and sport in Canada. In recognition of this, he was inducted into the Canadian Hockey Hall of Fame in 1945 in the "Honoured Builders" category. The original size of the Stanley Cup was {{convert|7|in|mm}} and is now around {{convert|36|in|mm}} and {{convert|35|lb|kg}}. Later yearsStanley's term as Governor General of Canada was due to end in September 1893. However, in April of that year, his elder brother, the 15th Earl of Derby, died. Stanley succeeded him as the 16th Earl of Derby. As a result, Stanley, now known as Lord Derby, left Canada on 15 July 1893 and returned to England. An administrator was appointed to fulfil his duties until Lord Aberdeen was sworn in that September. Also in 1893, Toronto's "New Fort York" (built in 1841) was renamed The Stanley Barracks in honour of Lord Stanley. Back with his family in England, he soon became the Lord Mayor of Liverpool and the first Chancellor of the University of Liverpool. Stanley Park, Liverpool is also named after him. In November 1901 Lord Derby was elected Mayor of Preston for the following year,[3] and took part in the 1902 Preston Guild. During the last years of his life, he increasingly dedicated himself to philanthropic work. He helped fund the Coronation Park, Ormskirk, in 1905.[4] FamilyDerby married Lady Constance Villiers, daughter of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, on 31 May 1864.[1] She was born in 1840. They had eight sons and two daughters (of whom one son and one daughter died as children). Her Ladyship remained and several of their children lived in Canada throughout his term as Governor General. She was responsible for the foundation of the Lady Stanley Institute for Trained Nurses in Ottawa, Ontario, as well as a Maternity Hospital. She was president of the $4,000 fund instituted by the women of Canada for the presentation of a wedding gift to the present Prince and Princess of Wales: a sleigh, robes, harness and horses and a canoe. In 1890 Prince George of Wales, later Prince of Wales was their guest at Rideau Hall. In 1903 King Edward VII was their guest at their residence, St. James Square, London, England. Their second son the Hon. Sir Victor Stanley (1867–1934) was an Admiral in the Royal Navy who married a Canadian lady, the daughter of Hon. C. E. Pooley, KC, of British Columbia.[5] Their third son the Hon. Sir Arthur Stanley and sixth son the Hon. Sir George Frederick Stanley were both politicians. Their fourth son the Hon. Ferdinand Charles Stanley was educated at Wellington and Sandhurst, before joining the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1891, rising to the rank of Brigadier-General. He married the Hon. Alexandra Fellowes, the eldest daughter of the Baron de Ramsey; they lived at 8 Cornwall Terrace, Regent's Park, London, now renamed Stanley House.[6] Their daughter Lady Isobel Gathorne-Hardy was their longest living child living until 1963. She was instrumental in convincing her father to create the Stanley Cup.[7] She is mentioned in one of the first games of women's hockey, played at Rideau Skating Rink in 1899. Her role as a women's hockey pioneer is recognized in women's hockey with both with the Isobel Gathorne-Hardy Award given across women's hockey in Canada and the Isobel Cup, the National Women's Hockey League's championship trophy. Derby died on 14 June 1908, aged 67, and was succeeded by his eldest son Edward, who also became a distinguished politician. Lady Derby died on 17 April 1922. LegacyAfter Edward Whymper made the first ascent of Stanley Peak in 1901, he named the mountain after Lord Derby. Vancouver's Stanley Park and Stanley Theatre were also named after him,[8] as was Stanley Park, Blackpool. The Preston Squadron of cadets at the Royal Military College Saint-Jean was named in his honour. Stanley Park, an area that famously separates the home grounds of English Premier League football teams Liverpool F. C. and Everton F. C., was named after him. Stanley House Inn, named for Lord Stanley and was built as his summer residence in 1888 along the Cascapedia River. The Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup is today known as the Stanley Cup and is awarded to the winning team of the National Hockey League playoffs each season. In October 2017, a monument commemorating the donation of the Stanley Cup was erected in Ottawa at Sparks Street and Elgin Street, near the location of the dinner party announcing the Cup at the Russell House, which has since been demolished.[9] Stanley Quay, later renamed Stanley Street in Brisbane, Australia was named after him at the time he was Colonial Secretary. Honorary degrees
Honorific eponyms
See also
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C04E3D7123AE533A25756C0A9679D94609ED7CF "Canada's Executive Head; Power and Emoluments of the Governor General. Almost Unlimited Authority Granted to Him – An Expensive Luxury for Canadians Who Want to Choose Their Own Governor,"] New York Times. 5 November 1891. 2. ^Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon: A few famous freemasons. 3. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Election of Mayors |day_of_week=Monday |date=11 November 1901 |page_number=7 |issue=36609| }} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Broady-Hawkes|first1=Dot|title=Ormskirk Nostalgia: Happy birthday to Coronation Park – 120 years old this month|url=http://www.southportvisiter.co.uk/news/ormskirk-nostalgia-happy-birthday-coronation-9454037|work=Southport Visitor|date=21 June 2015}} 5. ^{{cite book |editor-last=Morgan |editor-first=Henry James |editor-link=Henry James Morgan |title=Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada |location=Toronto |publisher=Williams Briggs |date=1903 |url=https://archive.org/details/typesofcanadianw01morguoft/page/323 |page=323}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Cornwall Terrace |url=http://www.cornwallterrace.co.uk/residences.php |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012010929/http://cornwallterrace.co.uk/residences.php |archivedate=12 October 2012 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/hockeyhistory/episodesummary/01/post/biographies.html| publisher=CBC.ca |accessdate=September 29, 2009 |title=Biographies}} 8. ^Mathison, Emily. "Things That Go Bump in the Night: Unearthly spirit sightings at a local landmark" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061229062129/http://www.where.ca/vancouver/article_feature~listing_id~119.htm |date=29 December 2006 }} Retrieved on 9 May 2008. 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://lordstanleysgift.com/invitation-au-devoilement-du-monument/ |title=Invitation: Monument Unveiling |website=lordstanleysgift.com |date=October 18, 2017 |accessdate=November 13, 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/HDrecipients.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-03-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304132120/http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/HDrecipients.pdf |archivedate= 4 March 2009 |df= }} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://bivouac.com//MtnPg.asp?MtnId=1538 |title=Stanley Peak British Columbia #1538 |work=Bivouac.com |editor= |accessdate=12 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321094104/http://www.bivouac.com/ |archivedate=21 March 2016 |df=dmy }} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2106 |title=Stanley Peak |work=Peakware World Mountain Encyclopedia |editor=Peakware.com |accessdate=12 June 2012}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.peakfinder.com/peakfinder.asp?Peakname=Stanley+Peak |title=Peak Stanley |work=Peakfinder.com |editor= |accessdate=12 June 2012}} 14. ^Stanley Street (Montreal) References
External links{{Commons category|Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby}}
| title = Member of Parliament for Preston | with = Sir Thomas Fermor-Hesketh, Bt | years = 1865–1868 | before = Sir Thomas Fermor-Hesketh, Bt Charles Pascoe Grenfell | after = Sir Thomas Fermor-Hesketh, Bt Edward Hermon }}{{s-bef | before = Marquess of Hartington John Wilson-Patten }}{{s-ttl | title = Member of Parliament for North Lancashire | with = John Wilson-Patten 1868–1874; | with2 = Thomas Henry Clifton 1874–1880; | with3 = Randle Joseph Feilden 1880–1885 | years = 1868–1885 }}{{s-non | reason = Constituency abolished }}{{s-new | constituency}}{{s-ttl | title = Member of Parliament for Blackpool | years = 1885–1886 }}{{s-aft | after = Sir Matthew Ridley, Bt }}{{s-off}}{{succession box | before=Henry Campbell-Bannerman | title=Financial Secretary to the War Office | years=1874–1877 | after=Robert Loyd-Lindsay}}{{s-bef|before=W. H. Smith}}{{s-ttl|title=Financial Secretary to the Treasury|years= 1877–1878 }}{{s-aft|after=Sir Henry Selwin-Ibbetson, Bt}}{{succession box | before=Gathorne Hardy | title=Secretary of State for War | years=1878–1880 | after=Hugh Childers}}{{succession box | before=The Earl of Derby | title=Secretary of State for the Colonies | years=1885–1886 | after=The Earl Granville}}{{succession box | before=A. J. Mundella | title=President of the Board of Trade | years=1886–1888 | after=Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, Bt}}{{s-gov}}{{succession box | before=The Marquess of Lansdowne | title=Governor General of Canada | years=1888–1893 | after=The Earl of Aberdeen}}{{s-hon}}{{succession box | before=The Earl of Sefton | title=Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire | years=1897–1908 | after=The Lord Shuttleworth}}{{s-reg|en}}{{succession box | before=Edward Stanley | title=Earl of Derby | after=Edward Stanley | years=1893–1908}}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-new|creation}}{{s-ttl | title=Baron Stanley of Preston | years=1886–1908}}{{s-aft | after=Edward Stanley}}{{s-end}}{{Governors General of Canada}}{{First Salisbury Ministry}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Derby, Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl Of}} 30 : Governors General of Canada|British Secretaries of State|Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Lords of the Admiralty|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|UK MPs 1865–68|UK MPs 1868–74|UK MPs 1874–80|UK MPs 1880–85|UK MPs 1885–86|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Grenadier Guards officers|Stanley Cup|Hockey Hall of Fame inductees|British racehorse owners and breeders|Lord-Lieutenants of Lancashire|Children of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom|Knights of the Garter|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order|People educated at Eton College|1841 births|1908 deaths|Stanley family|Mayors of Liverpool|People from Liverpool|Earls of Derby|Secretaries of State for the Colonies|Presidents of the Board of Trade|Canadian Freemasons |
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