| 词条 | Govardhan |
| 释义 |
{{Infobox settlement | name = Govardhan | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India | coordinates = {{coord|27.5|N|77.47|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Uttar Pradesh | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Mathura | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 179 | population_total = 22,576 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = [1] | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Hindi | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 281502[1] | registration_plate = UP-85 | website = | footnotes = }}Govardhan or Goverdhan is a key pilgrimage centre in India and a municipal town; a nagar panchayat ; seat of a MLA Member of Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh; a Tehsil, in Mathura district in the India in state of Uttar Pradesh. About 23 kilometres from Mathura, the town is on the road link between Mathura and Deeg.[3] GeographyGovardhan is located at {{Coord|27.5|N|77.47|E|}}.[2] It has an average elevation of 179 metres (587 feet). Goverdhan has been made Tahseel in Mathura District by the Uttar Pradesh government. Demographics{{As of|2011}} India census, Govardhan had a population of 22,576. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Govardhan has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 52%. In Govardhan, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.[3]Govardhan HillPilgrimageEach year Hindus and other people make a pilgrimage to Govardhan, and its sacred Govardhan Hill, from other places in India and other places in the world to offer their obeisance to Krishna and Radha, key figures in Indian epics. One of these, celebrated at the Govardhan Puja, is of the lifting of Govardhan Hill (Giriraj Parvat) to protect the villagers from the flood caused by the Lord of thunder and rain, Indra.[4][3] One of the most important day in Goverdhan is Guru Poornima (also called "Mudia Poono").{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} Following the festival of lights, or Diwali, the previous day, devotees come to Govardhan for parikrama.[4] Historic religious sitesSites on the hill include Kusum Sarovar, Haridev Temple,[3] and other temples like Daan-Ghati Temple and Mukharbind Temple. The town is also famous for its 21 kilometers long Parikrama of the famous Govardhan Hill. Mansi Ganga scared lakeThe town also houses Mansi Ganga, a close-ended lake.[3] On the banks of this lake, there are quite a few temples, prominent among them the Mukharbind temple.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} Kusum sarovar and Samadhi of Jat ruler Maharaja Suraj Mal{{anchor | Chhatri of Suraj Mal | Samadhi of Surajmal }}On the Govardhan Parikrama path on the western bank of 130 sqm scared artificial lake Kusum Sarovar (Kusum kund) there are three Chhatris housing the samadhis of Jat ruler Maharaja Suraj Mal (r. 1755 – 25 December 1763) and 2 his wives, all of these memorials were built by his son and successor Maharaja Jawahar Singh.[11][12] The architecture and carving is in the pierced stone style and the ceiling of cenotaphs are adorned with the beautiful painting of life of lord Krishna and Maharajs Suraj Mal's court.[5][12] Most imposing chattri is of Mahara Suraj Mal, flanked on either side by two smaller chattris of his two wives, "Maharani Hansiya" and "Maharani Kishori".[6] Maharaj Suraj Mal is well known for capturing Red Fort in 1754 CE after defetaing the forces of Mughal king Ahmad Shah Bahadur.[7][8] TransportationGovardhan is located about {{convert|150|km|mile}} from Delhi, where the airport is located. A railway station is located at Mathura, where taxis can be hired to reach the town,[4] which is about {{convert|23|km|mi}} away. There are also tourist buses[9] and a single line electric train for the journey from Mathura.[10] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://pincode.net.in/UTTAR_PRADESH/MATHURA/G/GOVERDHAN |title=Goverdhan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh |website=pincode.net.in |accessdate=7 April 2017}} 2. ^Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Govardhan 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-uttarpradesh.php?cityid=0941410000|title=Govardhan (Mathura in Uttar Pradesh)|website=City Population|accessdate=7 April 2017}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.moneylife.in/article/spiritual-soujourn-in-govardhan/42258.html |title=Spiritual Soujourn (sic) in Govardhan | author=Amit Sengupta |date=16 June 2015 |website= |accessdate=7 April 2017}} 5. ^1 Madan Prasad Bezbaruah, Dr. Krishna Gopal, Phal S. Girota, 2003, [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=GAfgAAAAMAAJ&q=surajmal+smadhi+govardhan&dq=surajmal+smadhi+govardhan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjTrMrTyJXgAhWLQ48KHf7sBLAQ6AEIMTAB Fairs and Festivals of India: Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh], p. 480-494. 6. ^1 2 D. Anand, 1992, [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=EsvSwdUgQYcC&pg=PA56&dq=surajmal+smadhi+govardhan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjTrMrTyJXgAhWLQ48KHf7sBLAQ6AEILDAA#v=onepage&q=surajmal%20smadhi%20govardhan&f=false Krishna: The Living God of Braj], Page 56. 7. ^Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur 8. ^Haryana Revenue Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1910, Section B - History 9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/mathura/travel-guide/goverdhan.html |title=Travel to Goverdhan |website=Maps of India |accessdate=7 April 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/5380l |title=Departures from Goverdhan (GDO) |website=indiarailinfo.com |accessdate=7 April 2017}} External links{{Commons category-inline|Govardhan}}
2 : Cities and towns in Mathura district|Hindu holy cities |
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