词条 | HJ-8 |
释义 |
|name=HJ-8 |image=SLA Red Arrow 8L.JPG |caption=The HJ-8 on display |type=Anti-tank missile |service=1985–present |wars=Yugoslav wars Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile Syrian Civil War Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017) |designer=Research Institute 203 |number= |length=1,566 mm |diameter=120 mm |is_missile=yes |image_size=300 |origin=People's Republic of China |era=Modern |launch_platform=Tripod, vehicle, aircraft |target= Armoured fighting vehicles |manufacturer=NORINCO (Factory 282, Factory 5618)[1] Khan Research Laboratories (Pakistan)[2] |design_date=1970–1984 [1] |production_date=1984–present |used_by=See Operators |variants=see variants |spec_type= |wingspan= |weight=25 kg |speed= 220 m/s |vehicle_range=3,000–4,000 m |engine=Solid-fuel rocket |steering= |ceiling= |fillimg=Anti-tank warhead |detonation= |guidance=SACLOS wire guidance }} The HJ-8 or Hongjian-8 ({{zh|s=红箭-8|p=Hóng Jiàn-8|l=Red Arrow-8}}) is a second generation tube-launched, optically tracked, wire-guided anti-tank missile system which was originally deployed by the Chinese People's Liberation Army since the late 1980s.[1] DevelopmentIn 1970, Chinese armoured corps first proposed to develop a successor to HJ-73 and this was later approved, designated as the AFT-8 or HJ-8. The missile was jointly developed by Research Institute 203 and 282nd Factory, but the program was interrupted by political turmoil. The key designers were Wang Xingzhi (王兴治) and Zhao Jiazheng (赵家铮), who developed the missile. Development was not completed until the early 1980s, after the end of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. After receiving state certification, the missile entered mass-production in 1984. HJ-8 is an optically tracked, wire guided ATGM. A series of upgraded variants have been developed since. HJ-8 and its variants are manufactured by NORINCO's Factory 282 (Jiangnan Machine Factory—江南机器厂), Factory 5618 (Hunan South China Photoelectricity Instrument Plant—湖南华南光电仪器厂) of China [1] and Khan Research Laboratories of Pakistan.[2] DesignThe HJ-8 series can be considered the Chinese equivalent of the American BGM-71 TOW and Franco-German MILAN / Euromissile HOT anti-tank missiles. HJ-8 is a tube-launched, optically tracked and wire-guided missile system armed with a HEAT anti-tank warhead. The HJ-8 is a combination many experts believe of three Western antitank missile systems obtained from nations in the Middle East and Asia that were then examined and reverse engineered and modified: the tripod from the US BGM-71 TOW; the tracker-control unit from the French/German MILAN; and the missile from the UK Swingfire.[3] There are numerous improved models following the original HJ-8, designated HJ-8A to HJ-8H, each incorporating improved features over the previous model. HJ-8E entered service in mid-1990. The HJ-8E anti-tank missile weighs 24.5 kg, has a range of up to 4,000 m,[1] and can also defeat explosive reactive armour (ERA). The latest variant is the HJ-8H. Designed to be both dependable and accurate, HJ-8 is now the standard anti-tank armament of the WZ-9, Mi-17, and Gazelle (replacing the original Euromissile HOT first carried) helicopter gunships of the PLA.[4] Turret launch platformA launching platform that can be installed on armoured fighting vehicles has been developed by Norinco for use as an HJ-8 launching platform, the SW-1 one-man turret. The all-steel welded SW-1 turret weighs 1,750 kg and can be installed on various tracked or wheeled vehicles. The turret is stated to be immune to 0.50 caliber armour-piercing rounds at close range (100 meters) and protection is further increased when add-on armour is installed. The turret can traverse 360 degrees and be elevated -40 to +60 degrees. The fire-control system, based on that of HJ-8H, is internally mounted. The primary armament of SW-1 includes four HJ-8H ATGM, with two mounted in the rear location on each side of the turret. The secondary armament comprises a 30 mm main gun and a coaxial 0.30 caliber machine gun. A variety of ammo can be used and the maximum rate of fire of the main gun is around 6 rounds per second, and automatic fire can be selected at various rates. The 30-mm gun is claimed to be effective against ground targets up to 4 km away[5] and aerial targets at 2 km, while the HJ-8H missile is effective against ground targets at ranges of 4 km away,[6] and against low and slow aerial targets at the same range. A follow-on model that is remotely operated weighing 1.4 ton has completed its development and entered Chinese service, designed by the same designer, Wu Lixin (吴立辛). Like its predecessor, this unmanned model was also first tested by using HJ-73C ATGM. The unmanned version carries 160 rounds of 30 mm ammunition. Variants
Combat useBosniaHJ-8 (possibly the Baktar-Shikan variant from Pakistan) units were supplied to Bosnian government forces in the early 1990s. Used by the Bosnian government forces against Bosnian Serb tanks during the mid-1990s, the weapon proved effective enough to penetrate the frontal armor of M-84 tanks.[10] SyriaSince June 2013, videos showing the use of the HJ-8 by Free Syrian Army rebels against Syrian Arab Army armour have surfaced and have been successful in destroying T-72 tanks.[16] IraqSince December 2014, videos showing the use of the HJ-8 by the Peshmerga against ISIS have surfaced. The HJ-8 systems might have been captured from Islamic States stockpiles.[17] Operators{{refimprove section|date=February 2018}}
Specifications
See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/hj-8.htm|title=Global Security's HJ-8 Page|accessdate=2008-12-14|publisher=Global Security}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/pakistan/kahuta.htm|title=Kahuta – Pakistan Special Weapons Facilities|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org|accessdate=2009-02-10}} 3. ^Jane's Weapon Systems 1988–1989 page 137 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/hj-8.htm|title=HJ-8|accessdate=2009-02-10|date=1999-08-10|publisher=Federation of American Scientists}} 5. ^Jane's International Defense Review, 25 September 2008. This claimed range is likely exaggerated as the typical effective range of 30-mm automatic cannon is considerably less than four kilometers. The range claimed may be the maximum, as opposed to maximum effective, range of the weapon. By way of comparison, the M230 30-mm cannon has an effective range of 1.5 kilometers and a maximum range of 4.5 kilometers. 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defence.pk/forums/land-forces/33709-atgws-still-hit-spot-anti-tank-guided-weapons.html|title=ATGWs still hit the spot: Anti-tank guided weapons|work=Pakistan Defence|accessdate=13 February 2015}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware|date=January 1988|publisher=Routledge Kegan & Paul|isbn=978-0-7102-0720-3|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=k9cNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA544#v=onepage&q&f=false|author=Christopher Chant|edition=1st|accessdate=28 July 2012|page=544}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/HJ-8E_a001875001.aspx |title=HJ-8E |format= |work= |accessdate=}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistanidefence.com/PakArmy/ArmyInventory.html|title=Pakistan Army Inventory|accessdate=2008-12-10}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/weapons/missile/hj8.asp|title=Sino Defence's HJ-8 Page|accessdate=2008-12-10|date=2008-09-28|publisher=Sino Defence|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123020345/http://sinodefence.com/weapons/missile/hj8.asp|archivedate=2009-01-23|df=}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?id=5&pid=200&a=org_prod_listings&product=Optronics,%20Surveillance%20and%20Sighting%20Systems|title=Anti Tank Guided Missile Weapon System, Baktar Shikan|accessdate=2008-12-10|publisher=Defence Export Promotion Organization}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Simulation-and-Training-Systems/IICS--Baktar-Shikan-ATGM-Simulator-Pakistan.html|author=Jane's Information Group|title=IICS – Baktar Shikan ATGM Simulator (Pakistan), Land systems – Anti-armour|accessdate=2010-05-12}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/220020/karachi-pof-french-firm-sign-deal-for-co-production-artillery-ammunition|title=KARACHI: POF, French firm sign deal for co-production: Artillery ammunition|date=November 21, 2006|accessdate=25 June 2013}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|author=SIPRI Arms Transfers Database|title=Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons|accessdate=2011-04-01}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.qq.com/a/20140220/011006.htm|title=中国单兵导弹出口多国 又添新成员"红箭11"|publisher=|accessdate=13 February 2015}} 16. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://spioenkop.blogspot.sg/2013/06/syria-and-her-hj-8s.html?showComment=1371845625316|work=Oryx Blog|author=Oryx|publisher=|accessdate=13 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502115305/http://spioenkop.blogspot.com/2013/06/syria-and-her-hj-8s.html?showComment=1371845625316|archive-date=2 May 2014|title= A new weapon on the Syrian battlefield; The HJ-8 }} 17. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=What Destroyed This Abrams Tank? Possibly a Chinese-made missile|url=https://warisboring.com/what-destroyed-this-abrams-tank/|date=25 October 2017|first=Robert |last=Beckhusen|website=War is Boring}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bdmilitary.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=189&Itemid=96|title=HJ-8/Baktar Shikan Anti-Tank Guided Missile|accessdate=2009-02-10|year=2009|publisher=Asia Pacific Defence Solutions Group}} 19. ^1 https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/171425/SIPRIPP38.pdf 20. ^1 {{cite web|title=Future Artillery Systems: 2016 Market Report|author=|url=http://www.ceptm.iue.edu.ar/pdf/futureAMarketReport.pdf|location=Tidworth|publisher=Defence IQ|date=2016|accessdate=21 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122000524/http://www.ceptm.iue.edu.ar/pdf/futureAMarketReport.pdf|archivedate=5 August 2016}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.smallarmsreview.com/archive/detail.arc.entry.cfm?arcid=22544|title=Small Arms Archive Detail Page for 7878|website=Small Arms Review}} 22. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2014/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2014-Highlights-EN.pdf |chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2014/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2014-Chapter-7-EN.pdf|chapter=Weapons tracing in Sudan and South Sudan|title=Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and guns|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2014|author=Small Arms Survey|pages=227|ref={{harvid|Small Arms Survey 2014}}}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://zonamilitaroficial.blogspot.com/2015/09/nuevos-tanques-para-venezuela.html|title=Zona militar: Nuevos tanques para Venezuela|date=4 September 2015|publisher=}} 24. ^http://www.entelectwebmanager.co.za/ECGWebManager/MainContentImages/122882/SAR%20Zim%20profile%20July%202011%20online%20version.pdf 25. ^1 US ARMY TRADOC G-2. Worldwide Equipment Guide, volume 1: ground systems. December 2011. 26. ^{{cite web|author=Deagel.com|url=http://www.deagel.com/Anti-Armor-Weapons-and-Missiles/HJ-8E_a001875001.aspx|title=HJ-8|accessdate=2010-05-12|publisher=Deagel.com}} External links{{Commons category|HJ-8}}
2 : Anti-tank missiles of the People's Republic of China|China–Pakistan military relations |
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