| 词条 | Hopen (Svalbard) | ||
| 释义 |
| name = Hopen | image_name = Hopen map.svg | image_caption = Hopen in the southeast. | image_size = 200px | locator_map = | native_name = | native_name_link = | nickname = | location = Arctic Ocean | coordinates = {{coord|76|33|N|25|7|E|type:isle|display=inline,title}} | archipelago = Svalbard | total_islands = | major_islands = | area_km2 = 47 | length_km = 33 | width_km = 2 | highest_mount = Iversenfjellet | elevation_m = 370 | country = Norway | country_admin_divisions_title = | country_admin_divisions = | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = | country_admin_divisions_1 = | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = | country_admin_divisions_2 = | country_capital_city = | country_largest_city = | country_largest_city_population = | country_leader_title = | country_leader_name = | population = 4 | population_as_of = | density_km2 = | ethnic_groups = | module = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Hopen | designation1_date = 12 November 2010 | designation1_number = 1957[1]}} }} Hopen is an island in the southeastern part of the Svalbard archipelago (Norway). Hopen was discovered in 1596 by Jan Cornelisz Rijp during the third expedition by Willem Barentsz, trying to find the Northeast Passage. Later, in 1613, its name was given by Thomas Marmaduke of Hull, who named it after his former command, the Hopewell. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute operates a manned weather station on the island with a staff of four persons. For the welfare of the crew, there are three cabins available on the island for their use. During World War II, the Luftwaffe placed a meteorological team there under cover of Operation Zitronella. On August 28, 1978 an early model Tupolev Tu-16 of the Soviet Air Force crashed on the island. All seven crew were killed in the accident. It was discovered two days later by the four-man Norwegian weather forecasting team. The USSR refused to admit the loss of an aircraft until the bodies of the crew were given to them. Norway transcribed the contents of the flight recorder over the objections of the Soviet government.[2][3][4] EnvironmentA significant number of polar bears are found at Hopen in the winter;[5] moreover, the sub-population of Ursus maritimus found here is a genetically distinct taxon of polar bears associated with the Barents Sea region.[6] Important Bird AreaThe island has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International. It supports breeding populations of black-legged kittiwakes (40,000 pairs), thick-billed guillemots (150,000 individuals) and black guillemots (1000 pairs).[7] GallerySee also
References1. ^{{Cite web|title=Hopen|website=Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1957|accessdate=25 April 2018}} 2. ^Soviet Union Military Plane Crashes in Norway October 27, 1978 Retrieved August 15, 2017 3. ^[https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0909/090940.html Svalbard Arctic out post at strategic crossroads September 9, 1980] Christian Science Monitor Retrieved August 15, 2017 4. ^Umbreit, Andreas [https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=JLM1XNVhw-oC&pg=PA132&lpg=PA132&dq=tu-16+svalbard+1978&source=bl&ots=zVpVT_5oCt&sig=_At06ZqiloDu_4DSRX1XE7kf578&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=tu-16%20svalbard%201978&f=false Bradt Svalbard: Spitzbergen with Frank Josef Land & Jan Mayen page 132] Retrieved August 15, 2017 5. ^Oysten Wiig and Kjell Isaksen 6. ^C. Michael Hogan, 2008 7. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.birdlife.org |title= Hopen Island |accessdate=2013-08-22 |work= Important Bird Areas factsheet |first= |last= |publisher= BirdLife International |year=2013 }} Bibliography
External links
5 : Islands of Svalbard|Nature reserves in Svalbard|Important Bird Areas of Norwegian overseas territories|Seabird colonies|Ramsar sites in Norway |
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