| 词条 | Ignacio Andrade | ||
| 释义 |
| name=Ignacio Andrade | image=Ignacio Andrade 2.jpg | order= President of Venezuela | term_start=28 February 1898 | term_end=20 October 1899 | predecessor=Joaquín Crespo | successor=Cipriano Castro | order2=Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela | term_start2= 2 October 1914 | term_end2= 7 September 1917 | predecessor2=Manuel Díaz Rodríguez | successor2=Bernardino Mosquera | president2= Victorino Márquez Bustillos | birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1839|7|31}} | birth_place=Mérida, Venezuela | death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1925|2|17|1839|7|31}} | death_place= Macuto, Venezuela | party=Liberal Party | spouse= Maria Isabel Sosa Saa| | signature=Ignacio Andrade signature.JPG |}} Ignacio Andrade Troconis (31 July 1839 – 17 February 1925),[1] was a military man and politician.[2] He was known as a member of the Liberal yellow party,{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} and served as President of Venezuela from 1898 until 1899[3] - his election was declaredly clouded by fraud.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} Early lifeIgnacio Andrade was born on July 31,[1] 1839 in Mérida.[3] CareerEarly positionsHe was president of the state of Falcon from 1883 until 1885. He was also the leader of the state of Miranda from 1894 until 1897.[3] In 1897, incumbent president Crespo supported Andrade in the presidential elections against key opponent Jose Manuel Hernandez. Andrade won the election, with Hernandez decrying the results as fraudulent and taking up arms. Hernandez was quickly defeated, with resultant political turmoil.[3] Other attempted insurrections followed, including one by Carlos Rangel Garviras, head of the Autonomous Party of the Andes from Colombia. He invaded Venezuela with 2,000 men, to be defeated in Capacho and San Josecito.[3] 1898-1899: Military leadership, presidencyAndrade was the commanding lieutenant general of the Venezuelan Army from February 1898 until October 1899, after taking leadership from General Joaquín Crespo.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} Venezuelan President Joaquín Crespo ruled until 1898, when he gave the presidential role to Andrade while remaining a military mainstay of the government. In suppressing a serious threat to the government, Crespo was killed in action and Andrade was left without his military backing. With Crespo's death, Venezuela entered a period of political uncertainty, as Andrade was Crespo's placeman and not a member of the caudillo class.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} 1899: Overthrow by Cipriano CastroIn 1899 the Colombian writer Biofilo Panclasta traveled to Venezuela, where he joined the army of the Venezuelan Cipriano Castro, which had as its goal the downfall of president Andrade. After leaving this group shortly after, Panclasta traveled Venezuela with other revolutionary groups throughout Trujillo, Portuguesa, Cojedes and Carabobo.[4] In 1899 Andrade was overthrown by Cipriano Castro, a former governor of the province of Táchira who had previously been exiled to Colombia. Living in Colombia for seven years, Castro had recruited a private army using funds from illegal cattle trading.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} Returning to Venezuela and amassing support from disaffected Venezuelans, Castro's once personal army developed into a strong national army, and he used it to march on Caracas in October 1899 in an event called the Revolución Liberal Restauradora, and seize power, installing himself as the supreme military commander. He also assumed the vacant presidency and later modified the constitution.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} The resulting political turmoil led to civil war in Venezuela from 1901 until 1902.[5] After the May 23, 1899 invasion of Caracas, Andrade went into exile in Puerto Rico. He returned to public life after being granted amnesty in 1903.[3] Personal life and deathAndrade died in Macuto in 1925.[3] He was married to María Isabel Sosa Saa, and she served as the First Lady of Venezuela during his tenure in 1898 and 1899.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} See also{{Portal|Venezuela}}
References1. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela|last=|first=|publisher=Fundación Polar|year=1997|isbn=980-6397-37-1|location=|pages=|language=Spanish|quote=|via=}} 2. ^{{es_icon}} Ignacio Andrade— Official biography. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716090220/http://www.gobiernoenlinea.gob.ve/venezuela/perfil_presidente21.html |date=16 July 2011 }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web | url =http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/a/andrade_ignacio.htm | title =Ignacio Andrade | date = | website =www.biografiasyvidas.com | publisher =Biografias y Vidas | access-date = August 31, 2016}} 4. ^PANCLASTA, Biófilo (1932): Siete años enterrado vivo en una de las mazmorras de Gomezuela. Tipografía la Libertad, Bogotá. 5. ^José Raimundo Porras Pérez (enero-junio de 2011)."Batalla de La Victoria de 1902: táctica, logística, liderazgo y otros aspectos militares de las fuerzas beligerantes venezolanas". Presente y Pasado. Revista de Historia. Año 16. Nº31, páginas 95-122. ISSN 1316-1369. External links{{Commons category|Ignacio Andrade}}
| title = 37th President of Venezuela | before = Joaquín Crespo | after = Cipriano Castro | years = 28 February 1898 – 20 October 1899}}{{s-bef|before=Manuel Díaz Rodríguez}}{{s-ttl|title=145th Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela|years=2 October 1914 – 7 September 1917}}{{s-aft|after=Bernardino Mosquera}}{{S-end}}{{VEpresidents}}{{Authority control}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Andrade, Ignacio}} 9 : Venezuelan generals|Venezuelan soldiers|Presidents of Venezuela|Venezuelan Ministers of Foreign Affairs|People from Mérida, Mérida|1839 births|1925 deaths|Great Liberal Party of Venezuela politicians|Venezuelan people of Spanish descent |
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