| 词条 | John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter |
| 释义 |
| name = John Holland | image = Effigy John Holland died 1447.png | image_size = | caption = Drawing of John Holland's tomb effigy | alt = refer to caption | spouse = Lady Anne Stafford Beatrice of Portugal Lady Anne Montacute | spouse-type = Spouses | issue = Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter Anne Holland, Baroness Neville | issue-link = #Marriage and issue | issue-pipe = more... | titles = Duke of Exeter Earl of Huntingdon and Ivry | noble family = Holland | house-type = Dynasty | father = John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter | mother = Elizabeth of Lancaster | birth_date = 29 March 1395{{sfn|Griffiths|2004}}{{sfn|Cokayne|Gibbs|Doubleday|1926|p=205}}{{sfn|Richardson|2011|p=23}} | birth_place = Dartington, Devonshire, England | death_date = 5 August 1447 (aged 52) | death_place = Stepney, Middlesex, England | burial_date = | burial_place = St Katharine's by the Tower, London | occupation = }} John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon {{postnominals|country=GBR|KG}} (29 March 1395 – 5 August 1447) was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years' War. His father, the 1st Duke of Exeter, was a maternal half-brother to Richard II of England, and was executed after King Richard's deposition. The Holland family estates and titles were forfeited, but John was able to recover them by dedicating his career to royal service. Holland rendered great assistance to his cousin Henry V in his conquest of France, fighting both on land and on the sea. He was marshal and admiral of England and governor of Aquitaine under Henry VI.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=65}} FamilyExeter was the second son of John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter and Lady Elizabeth of Lancaster. His paternal grandparents were Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent and Joan of Kent, Princess of Wales, who after Holland's death had married the Prince of Wales, Edward, the Black Prince. His maternal grandparents were John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster. By his paternal grandmother, he was a half-nephew of Richard II of England. By his maternal grandparents, he was a nephew of Henry IV of England, a first cousin of Henry V of England, and a first cousin once removed of Henry VI of England. Life accountHolland was just a boy when his father conspired against Henry IV and was attainted and executed. Nevertheless, he was given a chance to serve Henry V in the 1415 campaign in France, where he distinguished himself at Agincourt. The next year Holland was restored in blood and to his father's earldom of Huntingdon, and was made a Knight of the Garter. (His older brother Richard had died in 1400). Over the next five years he held various important commands with the English forces in France and in 1420 was made Constable of the Tower of London. He was captured by the French in 1421 at the Battle of Baugé and spent four years in captivity, not being released until 1425. Marriage and issueOn 6 March 1427, he married Lady Anne Stafford (d. 20 or 24 September 1432), widow of Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, and daughter of Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford.[1] By her he had two children, a son and daughter:
He married secondly Beatrice of Portugal on 20 January 1433; then finally, he married Lady Anne Montagu (d. 28 November 1457), daughter of John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury. By an unnamed mistress or mistresses he also had several illegitimate children, two of whom he named in his will.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} William, Thomas and Robert, the so-called 'Bastards of Exeter', were active in the Lancastrian struggles, and Stow reported that two of them were among the notable dead at Towton.{{sfn|Richardson|2011|p=138}} AppointmentsIn July 1416 he was appointed Lieutenant General to High Admiral of England Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (the post later became known as Lieutenant of the Admiralty) until 1435.[2] In November 1432 he was made Deputy Marshall of England until September 1436. [3] In 1435 he was appointed High Admiral of England, Ireland and Aquitaine. In March 1438 Holand was appointed Commander of the Army for relieving the castle of Guînes.[4] In 1439 he was made the king's lieutenant in Aquitaine. He was made count of Ivry in France by John, Duke of Bedford. Holland recovered his father's dukedom of Exeter on 6 January 1443/1444,{{sfn|Richardson|2011|p=135}} and was given precedence just below the Duke of York. He was succeeded as duke by his son Henry. DeathThere is an effigy of this John Holland in the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London. References1. ^http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-13530?rskey=k837uj&result=2 2. ^{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. A. |title=JOHN HOLAND, A FIFTEENTH-CENTURY ADMIRAL |journal=The Mariner's Mirror |date=January 1979 |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=235–242 |doi=10.1080/00253359.1979.10659150}} 3. ^Walker 4. ^Walker Sources
External links
|-{{s-vac| rows = 2 | reason=Forfeiture| last= John Holland}}{{s-ttl| title = Duke of Exeter | years = 1443 – 1447 }}{{s-aft| rows = 2 | after = Henry Holland }} |-{{s-ttl| title = Earl of Huntingdon | years = 1416 – 1447 }}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Exeter, John Holland, 2nd Duke Of}} 11 : 1395 births|1447 deaths|15th-century English Navy personnel|Dukes of Exeter|Earls of Huntingdon|English admirals|Heirs to the English throne|Holland family|Knights of the Garter|Lord High Admirals of England|People of the Hundred Years' War |
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