| 词条 | John Russell Young |
| 释义 |
| name = John Russell Young | image = John Russell Young.jpg | image_size = 240px | alt = John Russell Young | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1840|11|20}} | birth_place = County Tyrone, Ireland | death_date = {{death date and age|1899|1|17|1840|11|20}} | death_place = Washington, D.C., U.S. | residence = | nationality = American | education = | alma_mater = | known_for = Journalist, author, diplomat, librarian | relatives = James Rankin Young, brother | order1 = 7th | title1 = Librarian of Congress | appointed1 = William McKinley | term_start1 = July 1, 1897 | term_end1 = January 17, 1899 | predecessor1 = Ainsworth Rand Spofford | successor1 = Herbert Putnam | office2 = Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plentipotentiary to the Qing Empire | appointed2 = Rutherford B. Hayes | term_start2 = August 17, 1882 | term_end2 = April 7, 1885 | predecessor2 = James Burrill Angell | successor2 = Charles Harvey Denby }} John Russell Young (November 20, 1840 – January 17, 1899[1]) was an American journalist, author, diplomat, and the seventh Librarian of the United States Congress from 1897 to 1899. He was invited by Ulysses S. Grant to accompany him on a world tour for purposes of recording the two-year journey, which he published in a two-volume work. BiographyYoung was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, but as a young child his family emigrated to Philadelphia. He entered the newspaper business as a proofreader at age 15. As a reporter for the Philadelphia Press, he distinguished himself with his coverage of the First Battle of Bull Run. By 1862 he was managing editor of the Press and another newspaper. In 1865 he moved to New York, where he became a close friend of Henry George and helped to distribute Progress and Poverty. He began writing for Horace Greeley's New York Tribune and became managing editor of that paper. He also began working for the government, undertaking missions to Europe for the US Department of State and the US Department of the Treasury. In 1872, he joined the New York Herald and reported for them from Europe. Young was invited to accompany President Ulysses S. Grant on Grant's famous 1877-1879 world tour, chronicled in Young's book Around the World with General Grant.[2] Young impressed Grant, especially in China where Young struck up a friendship with Li Hongzhang. Grant persuaded President Chester A. Arthur to appoint Young minister to China in 1882. In this position he distinguished himself by mediating and settling disputes between the US and China and France and China. In 1885 he resumed working for the Herald in Europe. In 1890 he returned to Philadelphia. In 1897 President William McKinley appointed him Librarian of Congress, the first Librarian confirmed by Congress. During his tenure, the Library began moving from its original home in the US Capitol Building to its own structure, an accomplishment largely the responsibility of his predecessor, Ainsworth Rand Spofford. Spofford served as Chief Assistant Librarian under Young. Young held the post of Librarian until his death. His brother was Congressman James Rankin Young. See also
References1. ^Dictionary of American Library Biography. (1978). Bohdan Wynar, ed. "Young, John Russell (1840-1899)." Littleton, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited. p. 584-586. {{ISBN|0-87287-180-0}} * {{cite web | author=John Y. Cole | authorlink = John Y. Cole | title=Jefferson's Legacy: A Brief History of the Library of Congress -- Librarians of Congress | url=https://www.loc.gov/loc/legacy/librs.html | publisher=Library of Congress | date=March 30, 2006 | accessdate=2008-12-15}}2. ^Around the World with General Grant, [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/24850710.html Online version at Hathitrust Digital Library] External links{{Portal|Biography|Libraries}}
14 : 19th-century Irish people|1840 births|1899 deaths|People from County Tyrone|19th-century American diplomats|American non-fiction writers|American people of Irish descent|Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)|Librarians of Congress|People from County Tyrone|19th-century American journalists|American male journalists|19th-century male writers|Ambassadors of the United States to China |
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