“Al Rosen”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Albert Leonard Rosen (February 29, 1924 – March 13, 2015), nicknamed "Flip" and "The Hebrew Hammer", was an American baseball third baseman and right-handed slugger in Major League Baseball for ten seasons in the 1940s and 1950s.

After serving for four years in the U.S. Navy during World War II, Rosen played his entire ten-year career (from {{Baseball year|1947}} to {{Baseball year|1956}}) with the Cleveland Indians in the American League (AL). A stand-out on both offense and defense, he drove in 100 or more runs five consecutive years, was a four-time All-Star, twice led the league in home runs and twice in runs batted in (RBIs), and was an AL Most Valuable Player. Rosen was a .285 career hitter, with 192 home runs and 717 RBIs in 1,044 games. He was selected for the All-Star Game from 1952 to 1955. Rosen appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated in 1955.

Following two decades as a stockbroker upon retirement from baseball, Rosen returned to the game as a top front office executive in the late 1970s, serving the New York Yankees, Houston Astros, and Giants variously as president, CEO, and general manager. Regarded as a GM who still thought like a player, he became the only former MVP to also earn baseball's Executive of the Year award.^[1]

Early life

Rosen was born in Spartanburg, South Carolina^[2] to Louis and Rose (née Levin) Rosen. His father left the family shortly thereafter, and Rosen's mother and grandmother moved the family to Miami, Florida, when he was 18 months old.^[3]^[4]

Rosen suffered from asthma as a child, which prompted his family to move further south. While growing up, his two favorite baseball players were Lou Gehrig and Hank Greenberg. He attended Riverside Elementary School, Ada Merritt Junior High School, and then Miami Senior High School for a year attending Florida Military Academy in St. Petersburg, Florida, on a boxing scholarship.^[4] After graduating from Florida Military Academy, Rosen enrolled in the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida.^[4] He left the university after a semester to play minor league baseball in North Carolina.^[4]

Rosen enlisted in 1942, and spent four years in the U.S. Navy fighting in the Pacific during World War II, delaying his professional baseball career. He navigated an assault boat in the initial landing on Okinawa in the bitter battle for the island.^[3] In 1946, he left the Navy as a lieutenant and returned to his emerging baseball career.

Minor league career

Rosen played for the {{Baseball year|1946}} Pittsfield Electrics, where he was initially given a back-up role. Upon leading the Canadian–American League in home runs (16) and RBIs (86), while batting .323, however, he was bestowed his idol Hank Greenberg's nickname, the "Hebrew Hammer".^[3] Rosen played for the Oklahoma City Indians of the Texas League in {{Baseball year|1947}}, and had one of the finest individual seasons in league history. He led all hitters in average (.349), hits (186), doubles (47), extra-base hits (83), RBIs (141), total bases (330), slugging percentage (.619), and on-base percentage (.437). He won the Texas League Player of the Year Award.^[3] Rosen played for the New York Yankees' Kansas City Blues farm team in 1948. He was loaned to the Blues for the duration of the team's American Association season as part of a deal that sent reliever Charley Wensloff from the Yankees to the Indians.^[5] Rosen was named Rookie of the Year in the American Association for his play with the Blues.

Major League Baseball career

Rosen made his first appearance in the major leagues in {{Baseball year|1947}} at the age of 23. In 1948, Rosen played most of the year in minor leagues with the Kansas City Blues, before joining the Indians in September. He played in the 1948 World Series as a reserve behind regular third baseman Ken Keltner despite only playing five games during the season after the Indians requested his inclusion on the World Series roster.^[6] When Keltner was traded in {{Baseball year|1950}}, Rosen took over as the Indians' third baseman, leading the American League in home runs with 37, hitting more than any previous American League rookie.^[7] It stood as the AL rookie record until Mark McGwire surpassed it in 1987.^[8] He homered in four straight games in June, a feat unmatched by an Indians rookie until Jason Kipnis in 2011.^[9]^[10] Rosen averaged a league-best homer every 15.0 at bats, and led the league as well in HBP (10). He batted .287 and had 116 runs batted in, while finishing fifth in the league with 100 walks and a .543 slugging percentage. His 100 walks remained a team rookie record for a right-handed batter, through 2014.^[11] He also remained the most recent AL rookie to record at least 100 walks until Aaron Judge in 2017. Despite his home run title, he finished 17th in the American League MVP Award voting.

In {{Baseball year|1951}} Rosen led the league in games played, and was fifth in the league in RBIs (102), extra-base hits (55), and walks (85). He batted .265, with 24 home runs. Rosen hit four grand slams, a team season record that was not broken until Travis Hafner hit five in 2006.^[12]

Rosen led the American League with 105 RBIs and 297 total bases in {{Baseball year|1952}}. He also was third in the league in runs (101) and slugging percentage (.524), fifth in hits (171) and doubles (32), sixth in home runs (28), and seventh in batting average (.302). On April 29, he matched the then team record of three home runs in one game,^[11] which was surpassed only when Rocky Colavito tied the Major League single-game record with four home runs on June 10, 1959. Rosen came in tenth in the American League MVP Award voting.

In {{Baseball year|1953}}, Rosen led the American League in home runs (43), runs batted in (145), runs (115), slugging percentage (.613), and total bases (367). He also came in second in OBP, and third in hits (201), and tied for eighth in stolen bases. He also had a 20-game hitting streak.^[11] Defensively, he had the best range factor of all third basemen in the league (3.32), and led it in assists (338) and double plays (38). His RBI total is still the most for an Indians third baseman, through 2017, and is fourth most for any Indian in a season.^[13]

He batted .336, and missed winning the batting title – and with it the Triple Crown – on the last day of the season, by just over one percentage point. He was elected American League MVP by a unanimous vote, the first to be elected unanimously since the original "Hebrew Hammer", Hank Greenberg.^[14]

In Bill James' New Historical Baseball Abstract, Rosen's 1953 season is called the greatest ever by a third baseman.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} It is ranked 164th overall,^[15] and 48th best by a position player^[16] by Baseball-Reference.com as of Rosen's passing.

In {{Baseball year|1954}} he hit an even .300, led the league in sacrifice flies with 11, was fourth in SLG (.506), and fifth in home runs (24), RBI (102), and OBP (.404). He also hit consecutive home runs in the All-Star game despite a broken finger, earning him the game MVP. His five RBI in the game matched the record set by Ted Williams five years earlier, which still stood through the 2011 season.^[17]

Hall of Fame manager Casey Stengel said of him: "That young feller, that feller's a ball player. He'll give you the works every time. Gets all the hits, gives you the hard tag in the field. That feller's a real competitor, you bet your sweet curse life."^[18] Cleveland won the pennant, but lost the World Series. In spite of Rosen's 5th straight year with 100 or more RBIs Cleveland cut his $42,500 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|42500|1954|r=-2}}}} today) salary to $37,500 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|37500|1955|r=-2}}}} today) for 1955.

In {{Baseball year|1955}} Rosen finished in the top ten in the league in at-bats per home run, walks, and sacrifice flies. By 1956, back problems and leg injuries caught up with Rosen and he retired at age 32 at the end of the season.^[19]

Stockbroker

After retiring in {{Baseball year|1956}} Rosen became a stockbroker,^[20] an occupation he pursued for the next twenty-two years.^[21]

Baseball executive

In 1978 he became President/CEO of the Yankees (1978–79),^[21] then the Astros (1980–85), then president and general manager of the Giants (1985–92). His maneuvering brought San Francisco from last place in {{Baseball year|1985}} to the NL West title in {{Baseball year|1987}} and the NL pennant in {{Baseball year|1989}}, earning him the National League Executive of the Year honors.^[22] Regarded as a GM who still thought like a player, he became the only MVP in history to also earn the top executive award.^[1]

In 1979, Al appeared with the then-General Manager of the San Francisco Giants, Spec Richardson, in a television commercial entitled "Baseball Executives" for Miller Lite, as one of the commercials in the legendary "Great Taste, Less Filling" advertising campaign. The idea was two major league high-level baseball executives are discussing a big trade in a formal, stuffy members only club...and at the end of the spot we realize they are actually trading baseball cards like a couple of kids, as they throw down a bunch of baseball cards on the polished wooden table. The commercial ran heavily during the summer of 1979 and on every game of the 7 game Pirates-Orioles World Series that year. The commercial was created by the advertising agency McCann-Erickson, and was conceived and written by agency writer Peter Hoffman. It was directed by Bob Giraldi.

Personal life

Rosen's wife of 19 years, the former Teresa Ann Blumberg, died on May 3, 1971. He remarried, to second wife, Rita (née Kallman), several years later. He has three sons, and a stepson and stepdaughter. Rosen occasionally consulted for baseball teams, including a stint with the Yankees as special assistant to the general manager in 2001 and 2002. He was featured in the 2010 movie narrated by Dustin Hoffman, An American Love Story.^[3]

Jewish heritage

Rosen was tough, an amateur boxer, and had a reputation for standing up to anyone who dared insult his ancestry. While some reports have him commenting that, as a minor leaguer, he wished his name were something less obviously Jewish, he is later known to have remarked that he wished it were more Jewish—something like Rosenstein.^[25]^[26] When Ed Sullivan, himself a Catholic with a Jewish wife, suggested that Rosen might be Catholic, pointing to his habit of drawing a "cross" in the dirt with his bat, Rosen said the mark was an "x" and told Sullivan he wished his name were more Jewish so he wouldn't be mistaken for Catholic.^[3]^[25]

Once a White Sox opponent called him a "Jew bastard". Sox pitcher Saul Rogovin, also Jewish, remembered an angry Rosen striding belligerently to the dugout and challenging the "son of a bitch" to a fight. The player backed down.^[27]

Rosen challenged another opposing player who had "slurred [his] religion" to fight him under the stands. And during a game, when Red Sox bench player Matt Batts taunted Rosen with anti-Semitic names, Rosen called time and left his position on the field to confront Batts.^[26] Hank Greenberg recalled that Rosen "want[ed] to go into the stands and murder" fans who hurled anti-Semitic insults at him.

A 2010 documentary, An American Love Story, highlighted Rosen, who in it is frank about how he dealt with anti-Semitism: "There's a time that you let it be known that enough is enough. . . . You flatten [them]."^[28]

During his career, Rosen refused to play on the High Holy Days, as would baseball Hall of Famer Sandy Koufax, arguably the most famous American Jewish baseball player. In a 1976 Esquire magazine article, sportswriter Harry Stein published an "All Time All-Star Argument Starter", consisting of five ethnic baseball teams. Rosen was the third baseman on Stein's Jewish team.

Through 2014, he was fifth in career home runs (behind Sid Gordon), seventh in RBIs (behind Ryan Braun), and tenth in hits (behind Mike Lieberthal) among all-time Jewish major league baseball players.^[29]

Quotes

Awards

See also

References

1. ^¹Sports Illustrated obit [https://www.si.com/mlb/2015/03/14/al-rosen-dies-cleveland-indians-mvp-san-francisco-giants]"Best remembered for winning the American League's Most Valuable Player award in 1953 as Cleveland's third baseman, Rosen shined brightly but only briefly as a player and would later reach similar levels of accomplishment as a general manager, becoming the only former MVP to also earn the Executive of the Year award."
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZzxydPInwgC&pg=PA145&dq=Al+Rosen+louis+rose&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NQI4UdzaAaiayAGkrICwBw&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA|title=The Big Book of Jewish Baseball|first1=Peter S.|last1=Horvitz|first2=Joachim|last2=Horvitz|date=September 20, 2017|publisher=SP Books|accessdate=September 20, 2017|via=Google Books}}
3. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web|url=http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/40d66568 |title=SABR Baseball Biography Project: Al Rosen |last=Berger |first=Ralph |publisher=The Society for American Baseball Research |accessdate=September 27, 2013}}
4. ^¹²³Manny Navarro, "Baseball lifer Al Rosen had close ties to UM", The Miami Herald (March 16, 2015). Retrieved March 18, 2015.
5. ^Indians Option Rosen, United Press, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 14, 1948, p. 14. Retrieved 9-30-2016 https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19480415&id=G9kNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Y2oDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4501,3496716
6. ^{{cite news|title=Rosen and 24 Other Indians Are Ruled Eligible To COmpete In World Series|work=The Plain Dealer|date=September 29, 1948|page=26}}
7. ^Great Baseball Feats, Facts and Figures, 2008 Edition, p.346, David Nemec and Scott Flatow, A Signet Book, Penguin Group, New York; {{ISBN|978-0-451-22363-0}}
8. ^{{cite web|agency=Associated Press Archive|title=Baseball Today|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/APAB/lib00581,122CA98E1CEF7498.html|date=August 10, 2008}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cleveland.com/tribe/index.ssf/2011/08/jason_kipnis_on_a_hr_roll_clev.html |accessdate=November 4, 2012 |location=Cleveland, Ohio |date=August 4, 2011 |work=The Plain Dealer |title=Jason Kipnis on a HR roll: Cleveland Indians daily briefing |first=Paul |last=Hoynes |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014231618/http://www.cleveland.com/tribe/index.ssf/2011/08/jason_kipnis_on_a_hr_roll_clev.html |archivedate=October 14, 2012 }}
10. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014231618/http://www.cleveland.com/tribe/index.ssf/2011/08/jason_kipnis_on_a_hr_roll_clev.html |date=October 14, 2012 }}
11. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/2505908/Cleveland-Indians-RecordsHistory|accessdate=November 1, 2012|title=Cleveland Indians Records/History}}
12. ^{{cite news |newspaper=Reading Eagle|date=July 8, 2006 |accessdate=November 1, 2012 |title=Hafner hits record fifth grand slam|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LGMxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MqIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2697,3287400&dq=al-rosen+record&hl=en}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/CLE/leaders_bat_50_season.shtml|title=Cleveland Indians Top 50 Single-Season Batting Leaders - Baseball-Reference.com|website=Baseball-Reference.com|accessdate=September 20, 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/tribe/index.ssf/2013/09/cleveland_indians_infielder_al.html|title=Cleveland Indians infielder Al Rosen's quest for baseball's 1953 Triple Crown went down to the wire 60 years ago Friday|accessdate=September 27, 2013|first=Tim |last=Warsinskey |publisher=Cleveland Plain Dealer (cleveland.com)|date=September 26, 2013}}
15. ^Baseball-Reference.com [https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/WAR_season.shtml Single-Season Leaders & Records for Wins Above Replacement]
16. ^Baseball-Reference.com [https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/WAR_bat_season.shtml] Single-Season Leaders & Records for WAR Position Players
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20110711&content_id=21737670&vkey=news_mlb&c_id=mlb|accessdate=November 1, 2012 |title=Fascinating facts about the All-Star Game|first=Roger |last=Schlueter |publisher=MLB.com |date=July 11, 2011}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,858499,00.html |title=Sport: Top of the League |work=TIME |date=July 5, 1954 |accessdate=April 9, 2010}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thebaseballpage.com/players/rosenal01.php |title=Al Rosen Facts from |publisher=The Baseball Page.com |date= |accessdate=April 9, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221051412/http://www.thebaseballpage.com/players/rosenal01.php |archivedate=December 21, 2010 }}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.historicbaseball.com/players/r/rosen_al.html|title=Al Rosen – Exploded on the scene in the AL|publisher=Historicbaseball.com|accessdate=April 9, 2010}}
21. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/08/sports/baseball/08steinbrenner.html|accessdate=November 4, 2012|date=May 7, 2010|work=The New York Times|title=Chronicling Steinbrenner and His Turbulent Tenure|first=Richard|last=Sandomir|authorlink=Richard Sandomir}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baseballlibrary.com/ballplayers/player.php?name=Al_Rosen_1924 |title=Al Rosen profile at |publisher=BaseballLibrary.com |accessdate=April 9, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604105218/http://www.baseballlibrary.com/ballplayers/player.php?name=Al_Rosen_1924 |archivedate=June 4, 2011 }}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://m.mlb.com/news/article/112723684/al-rosen-the-1953-al-mvp-with-indians-and-an-executive-for-yankees-astros-and-giants |title=Rosen, 1953 MVP and four-time All-Star, dies at 91 |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= |publisher=mlb.com |accessdate=March 14, 2015}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/yankees/mvp-yankee-exec-al-rosen-dies-91-article-1.2149520|title=Former MVP, Yankee exec Al Rosen dies at 91|publisher=|accessdate=September 20, 2017}}
25. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishpress.com/indepth/front-page/the-vanishing-jewish-baseball-player/2005/04/06/|title=The Vanishing Jewish Baseball Player|last=Maoz |first=Jason|publisher=The Jewish Press|date= April 6, 2005|accessdate=September 27, 2013}}
26. ^¹{{cite web|url= https://www.sbnation.com/mlb/2012/9/25/3403920/jewish-baseball-players-al-rosen|title=Mortal Gods|last=Rosen |first=R.D.|publisher=sbnation.com|date=September 25, 2012|accessdate=September 27, 2013}}
27. ^{{cite news|url=http://nyc.sabr.org/PDF/2004summer.pdf|accessdate=November 1, 2012|publisher=The Society for American Baseball Research, Casey Stengel Chapter|location=New York|date=July 2004|pages=10–12|title=JEWS and BASEBALL|work=You could look it up|first=Joseph|last=Dorinson|volume=5|number=1|format=PDF|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20110708055806/http://nyc.sabr.org/PDF/2004summer.pdf|archive-date=July 8, 2011|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
28. ^{{cite news|author=Dick Friedman|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1179686/index.htm|title=Faith In The Game: a new film illuminates the Jewish contribution to the national pastime|work=Sports Illustrated|date=November 25, 2002|accessdate=December 12, 2010}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Career Batting Leaders through 2014|url=http://www.jewishmajorleaguers.org/|work=Career Leaders|publisher=Jewish Major Leaguers|accessdate=March 15, 2015}}
30. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mvlLcUNu-acC&pg=PT223&dq=al+rosen+%22greatest+thrill+in+the+world+is+to+end%22+%22bases+on+air%22+source:mlb_com&hl=en&ei=HrC-S-28LsT_lgeYm5SqBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=al%20rosen%20%22greatest%20thrill%20in%20the%20world%20is%20to%20end%22%20%22bases%20on%20air%22%20source%3Amlb_com&f=false |title=The Gigantic Book of Baseball Quotations|publisher=Books.google.com|accessdate=April 9, 2010}}
31. ^Rea, Steven X (August 21, 1982). "Why Bob Hope's Still on the Road". Montreal Gazette. Alan Allnutt. p. E–1. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/asgbox/07131954.shtml |title=1954 All-Star Game Box Score by Baseball Almanac |publisher=Baseball-almanac.com |date=July 13, 1954 |accessdate=April 9, 2010}}
33. ^Kahn, Roger (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=W-EI-7OhJ9QC&pg=PA174 "The Gathering Storm"]. October Men: Reggie Jackson, George Steinbrenner, Billy Martin, and the Yankees' Miraculous Finish in 1978. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt. p. 174. {{ISBN|0-15-100628-8}}. Retrieved September 18, 2015.