请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Amstel Gold Race
释义

  1. History

     The first race  Search for identity  Move to Maastricht  Cauberg finish 

  2. Route

     Course changes 

  3. Race characteristics

     Ardennes Week  Hills  Nervous course 

  4. Winners

     Multiple winners  Wins per country 

  5. Women's race

  6. Cyclosportive

  7. Notes

  8. References

  9. External links

{{For|the women's race|Amstel Gold Race (women's race)}}{{Infobox cycling race
| name = Amstel Gold Race
| current_event =
| image =
| date = Mid to late April
| region = Limburg, the Netherlands
| english = Amstel Gold Race
| localnames =
| nickname =
| discipline = Road
| competition = UCI World Tour
| type = One-day race
| organiser = Amstel Gold Race Foundation
| director = Leo van Vliet
| first = {{start date|1966}}
| number = 53 (as of 2018)
| final =
| firstwinner = {{flagathlete|Jean Stablinski|FRA}}
| mostwins = {{flagathlete|Jan Raas|NED}} (5 wins)
| mostrecent = {{flagathlete|Michael Valgren|DEN}}
}}

The Amstel Gold Race is an annual road bicycle race in the province of Limburg, the Netherlands. It traditionally marks the turning point of the spring classics, with the climbers and stage racers replacing the cobbled classics riders as the favourites.[1]

Since 1989 the event has been included in season-long competitions at the highest level of UCI, as part of the UCI Road World Cup (1989–2004), the UCI ProTour (2005–2010), UCI World Ranking (2009–2010) and since 2011 of the UCI World Tour. It is the only one-day World Tour race staged in the Netherlands and is considered the most important Dutch road cycling event.[1] Dutchman Jan Raas holds the winning record with five victories.

Dutch beer brewer Amstel has served as the race's title sponsor since its creation in 1966. The name does not directly refer to the river Amstel, which runs through the city of Amsterdam.

Since 2017 a Women's Amstel Gold Race is held, after a 14-year hiatus. The event is organised on the same day and on largely the same roads as the men's race and is part of the UCI Women's World Tour.[1][2]

History

The first race

The Amstel Gold Race was created by Dutch sports promoters Ton Vissers and Herman Krott, who ran a company called Inter Sport.{{refn|group=N|Vissers was a house decorator and field hockey player from Rotterdam whose break in cycling came in 1963 when a friend asked him to manage a minor team in the Tour of the Netherlands. Those who were there say he was as hopeless as his riders. Officials banished him after he did a U-turn and drove back towards the oncoming race after hearing that one of his riders had punctured. Three years later, in 1966, he became manager of the Willem II professional team that at one time included the classics winner, Rik Van Looy.}}{{refn|group=N|Krott's background in cycling was barely deeper. He ran a car-parts dealership called HeKro and, because he admired the Dutch rider Peter Post, worked as his personal assistant. He had also worked as a salesman for Amstel. Together, Krott and Vissers organized small races across the Netherlands. Krott also used his contacts at Amstel to start an Amstel professional team and then the sponsorship to run an international professional race bigger than the round-the-houses events Inter Sport had been promoting until then.}} Their dream was to create a Dutch classic cycle race able to compete with the monument races of Flanders and Italy.[3] The first edition was announced to take place on 30 April 1966, the Netherlands' National Holiday. The plan was to start in Amsterdam, before branching out to the east of the country and finishing in Maastricht, in the southeast of the country, totaling 280 km.{{refn|group=N|Prizemoney would be 10,000 guilders — about €5,000 - of which a fifth would go to the winner.}}

However, many problems emerged.[3] Krott and Vissers had neglected the many rivers along the route and miscalculated the zigzags needed to cross them, making the intended distance far longer than 280 km. New plans were made to start in Utrecht, then Rotterdam; and to stage an alternative finish in the small village of Meerssen in Limburg. Moreover, less than three weeks before the start, organizers realized they had not obtained permission to cross the Moerdijk Bridge, the only exit route out of Rotterdam. The route had to be redrawn again and the start was moved further south, to Breda. On top of all that, the Dutch militant hippy counterculture movement Provo had declared a state of anarchy in the Netherlands in 1966.{{refn|group=N|At the other end of the social scale, many Dutch people were also protesting against the marriage of the queen's daughter, Beatrix, to a German, Claus von Amsberg.}} Authorities feared that a race organized on the royal family's celebration day would cause possible uprisings.

Four days before the anticipated date, Vissers and Krott called off their race and were staging a press conference, when the Dutch roads ministry in The Hague called to say that the race could be organized after all — provided it would never again be scheduled on Queen's Day.[3]

On Saturday 30 April 1966, the first Amstel Gold Race was raced from Breda to Meerssen, without serious incidents.[3] Three riders from the Ford-France team sprinted for victory. Dutchman Jan Hugens suffered a mechanical failure in the final meters and was beaten by Frenchman Jean Stablinski who won the inaugural edition.[3] At 302 km, it was the longest edition ever. There were 120 starters, of which only 30 finished. Despite its original intent, the Amstel Gold Race has never started in Amsterdam; nor in Rotterdam or Utrecht, three of The Netherlands' largest cities.{{refn|group=N|Inter Sport ceased trading in 1970 and Herman Krott directed the race by himself until 1995, when it was taken over by former professional cyclist Leo van Vliet.}}

Search for identity

In 1967 the start location moved to Helmond, in front of sponsor Amstel's headquarters, and the distance was scaled back to 213 km. Arie den Hartog won the second edition, becoming the first Dutch winner. In 1968 the race took place on 21 September because of a calendar conflict; the only time the Amstel Gold Race was ever run in the autumn. Dutchman Harrie Steevens won the race over a distance of 254 km.

In 1969 the race returned to April. Guido Reybrouck won the fourth edition, the first in a series of Belgian wins. The race was affected by severe snow and hailstorms, forcing many riders to abandon due to hypothermia.[3]

A young race, the Amstel Gold Race struggled to find its place on the international calendar between the much older cobbled classics and the Ardennes classics and had problems attracting the best riders. For several years, cycling great Eddy Merckx did not participate because organizers could not pay his starting fee. In 1973 race director Herman Krott agreed to pay a considerable sum to Merckx' team, provided that he would win the race. Merckx started and won the Amstel Gold Race more than three minutes ahead of the second-place finisher.[3] Two years later, he was the first rider to win a second time.

In the late 1970s Dutchman Jan Raas won the Amstel Gold Race a record five times, of which four were consecutive. Raas was able to rely on his strong sprint finish, but also took two solo victories. Dutch media started coining the phrase Amstel Gold Raas. In 1983 Australian Phil Anderson became the first non-European winner.[4]

Move to Maastricht

In 1991 the finish of the Amstel Gold Race moved to Maastricht, Limburg's capital city, and in 1998 the start also moved there. The character of the race was more and more defined by the hilly area in the south of the province. Only two Dutch riders, Michael Boogerd and Erik Dekker, have won the race in the last two decades. Both Boogerd and Dekker beat American Lance Armstrong in a two-man sprint in Maastricht, in 1999 and 2001 respectively.[5][6][7] The 2001 race only had 37 finishers of a 190-strong pack, the lowest number in modern times.[8] Boogerd shares the record of seven podium finishes with Jan Raas, having achieved one victory, four second places, two third places and several other top-ten finishes.

Cauberg finish

From 2003 to 2016. the finish was shortly after the top of the Cauberg climb in Valkenburg. Kazakh rider Alexander Vinokourov won the first uphill-finish edition with an attack before the Cauberg.[9] In 2013 the finish was moved 1.8 km away from the top of the Cauberg, near the centre of Valkenburg, resulting in a mainly flat, straight finish.[10] In 2017 the race organisers moved the finish so that the final climb of the Cauberg came 19 km from the finish, hoping for a "more open" race.[11] The most successful rider in recent years has been classics specialist Philippe Gilbert. The Belgian won the race four times since 2010, basing his victories on late bursts of speed and power on the Cauberg.[12] In 2015 Polish rider Michał Kwiatkowski became the first reigning world champion to win the race since Bernard Hinault in 1981.[13][14][15]

Route

Although the Netherlands are known for their flat, wind-affected roads, the Amstel Gold Race takes place in the hilly southern region of Limburg. The route twists through the rolling Limburg countryside, often turning abruptly to climb as many hills (bergs) as possible.[16] The most notable climb is the Cauberg, which is covered up to four times, and has sometimes been in the last few kilometres of the race.[17]

Course changes

Start and finish locations
YearsStartFinish
1966 Breda Meerssen
1967 Helmond Meerssen
1968 Helmond Elsloo
1969-1970 Helmond Meerssen
1971-1990 Heerlen Meerssen
1991-1997 Heerlen Maastricht
1998-2002 Maastricht Maastricht
2003– Maastricht Valkenburg

Although the race is younger than many other cycling classics, the course changed considerably over the years. The race's inaugural edition started in Breda in North Brabant, but quickly moved closer to the hilly region. From 1971 to 1997 the start was in Heerlen. Since 1998 the race starts on the central market square in Maastricht's Inner City.

Since 2005 the race is run entirely within the boundaries of Limburg. Past editions had covered significant parts of Liège in Belgium, addressing the Côte de Hallembaye, meant to include a larger selection of climbs.

From 1991 until 2002 the race ended in Maastricht as well. The finish was on the Maasboulevard, keeping the flat run-in to the finish. In 2000 sprint specialist Erik Zabel won the race, leading out the sprint of a 20-strong group.

From 2003 to 2012 the finish was at the top of the Cauberg climb, in the Valkenburg municipality, close to Maastricht. The finale was redesigned in 2013 and the finish was moved west, to the hamlet of Berg en Terblijt, 1.8 kilometres from the top of the Cauberg. The altered finish mirrors the location that was used for the 2012 UCI Road World Championships in Valkenburg.[18]

{{clear}}

Race characteristics

Ardennes Week

{{Main|Ardennes classics}}

Although the race location in Limburg is not part of the Ardennes, neither geographically nor geologically, it is often considered the opening race of the Ardennes Week.[19] In 2004 the Amstel Gold Race has swapped places with Liège–Bastogne–Liège on the international calendar.[20] Ever since, the race is organised on the Sunday after the cobbled classic Paris–Roubaix and before the Ardennes classic Flèche Wallonne the next Wednesday.

Until 2002, the Amstel Gold Race had a flat run-in to the finish and was often won by riders excelling in the cobbled classics, notably the Tour of Flanders. In recent decades, organizers chose to shift the focus of the race to the hills and the character of the race changed. The peloton is usually made up of the same riders starting in the Ardennes races; classics riders with sufficient climbing abilities and even Grand Tour specialists.

The Dutch hills, in the very south of Limburg, are the Netherlands' only hilly region. The chalk-loess relief was formed by the foothills of the neighbouring Ardennes and Eifel low mountain ranges. The hills define the character of the race: they are shorter and not as high as in the Ardennes, but come in much higher frequency than in Liège–Bastogne–Liège. The highest point of the region and the race is Vaalserberg at 322.7 m above sea level; the top of the Cauberg is at 133.7 m altitude.

Hills

The present course features more than 30 short climbs which come in greater succession as the race progresses, meaning riders have little time to recover in between the hills. 25 climbs are covered in the last 165 kilometers of the race, with eight coming in the final 45 kilometers. The steepest are the Cauberg, Keutenberg and Eyserbosweg. Some ascents are as steep as 22% (Keutenberg), others are more gently sloped. In contrast to the cobbled bergs in the Tour of Flanders, all the hills in Limburg are aspahlted nowadays.[21]

Attempting to explain the difficulty of the course Peter Easton recounts a mathematician's calculations:

...applying logic to overcome a sense of incomprehension is the key to understanding this race. And there is truth in numbers. Six of the climbs come in the first 92 kilometers — one every 15.2 kilometers. The remaining 25 come over the final 165 kilometers. That’s one every 6.6 kilometers. Breaking it down further, the final hour of racing has eight climbs in 42 kilometers. Now we’re down to one every 5.25 km. At 40 km/h, that’s one every 7 ½ minutes. Not overly funny, and definitely all business.[22]

The hills in the 2015 Amstel Gold Race:[23]

NumberNameKilometerLocationLength (in m)Average climb (%)
1 Slingerberg 9 Geulle 1200 5,4
2 Adsteeg 14 Beek 500 5,4
3 Lange Raarberg 22 Meerssen 1300 4,5
4 Bergseweg 38 Voerendaal 2700 3,3
5 Sibbergrubbe 50 Valkenburg 2100 4,1
6 Cauberg 54 Valkenburg 1200 5,8
7 Geulhemmerweg 59 Valkenburg 1000 6,2
8 Wolfsberg 78 Noorbeek 800 4,4
9 Loorberg 81 Slenaken 1500 5,5
10 Schweibergerweg 93 Gulpen 2900 3,9
11 Camerig 99 Vijlen 4300 3,8
12 Drielandenpunt 110 Vaals 3700 3,7
13 Gemmenich 114 Blieberg 900 6,4
14 Vijlenerbos 118 Vaals 1800 5,1
15 Eperheide 127 Epen 2300 4,1
16 Gulperberg 135 Gulpen 700 8,1
17 Plettenbergweg 142 Eys 1000 4,2
NumberNameKilometerLocationLength (in m)Average climb (%)
18 Eyserweg 144 Eys 2200 4,3
19 Huls 148 Simpelveld 1000 7,7
20 Vrakelberg 154 Voerendaal 700 7,9
21 Sibbergrubbe 161 Valkenburg 2100 4,1
22 Cauberg 166 Valkenburg 1200 5,8
23 Geulhemmerweg 170 Valkenburg 1000 6,2
24 Bemelerberg 183 Bemelen 900 5,0
25 Loorberg 198 Slenaken 1500 5,5
26 Gulperberg 208 Gulpen 700 8,1
27 Kruisberg 217 Wahlwiller 800 7,5
28 Eyserbosweg 219 Eys 1100 8,1
29 Fromberg 222 Fromberg 1600 4,0
30 Keutenberg 227 Keutenberg 700 9,4
31 Cauberg 237 Valkenburg 1200 5,8
32 Geulhemmerweg 242 Valkenburg 1000 6,2
33 Bemelerberg 250 Bemelen 900 5,0
34 Cauberg 255 Valkenburg 1200 5,8
{{Clear}}

Nervous course

The race is the Netherlands' largest professional race but is frequently criticized for the danger of its course.[24] The route runs on narrow roads, through often densely-populated suburbs and villages. Due to its high population density and the high cost of land, many Dutch houses do not have garages and cars are left parked in the street. Much of the course is urban, with lots of traffic-calming devices such as speed bumps, pinches, bollards, ramps, chicanes, refuge islands and roundabouts, prompting Scotland’s Robert Millar to call it the Tour of the Roundabouts [25] Crashes are common in the race.[26][27][28]

Winners

{{Cycling past winner start}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1966|name={{sortname|Jean|Stablinski}}|nat=FRA|team=Ford-Hutchinson}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1967|name={{sortname|Arie den|Hartog}}|nat=NED|team={{ct|Bic|1967}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1968|name={{sortname|Harry|Steevens}}|nat=NED|team=Willem II-Gazelle}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1969|name={{sortname|Guido|Reybrouck}}|nat=BEL|team={{ct|Faemino|1970}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1970|name={{sortname|Georges|Pintens}}|nat=BEL|team=Dr. Mann-Grundig}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1971|name=Frans Verbeeck|nat=BEL|team=Watney-Avia}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1972|name={{sortname|Walter|Planckaert}}|nat=BEL|team=Watney-Avia}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1973|name={{sortname|Eddy|Merckx}}|nat=BEL|team=Molteni}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1974|name={{sortname|Gerrie|Knetemann}}|nat=NED|team=Gan-Mercier-Hutchinson}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1975|name={{sortname|Eddy|Merckx}}|nat=BEL|team=Molteni}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1976|name={{sortname|Freddy|Maertens}}|nat=BEL|team=Flandria-Velda}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1977|name={{sortname|Jan|Raas}}|nat=NED|team=Frisol-Gazelle-Thirion}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1978|name={{sortname|Jan|Raas}}|nat=NED|team={{ct|TIR|1978}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1979|name={{sortname|Jan|Raas}}|nat=NED|team={{ct|TIR|1979}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1980|name={{sortname|Jan|Raas}}|nat=NED|team={{ct|TIR|1980}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1981|name={{sortname|Bernard|Hinault}}|nat=FRA|team=Renault-Elf-Gitane}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1982|name={{sortname|Jan|Raas}}|nat=NED|team={{ct|TIR|1982}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1983|name={{sortname|Phil|Anderson|Phil Anderson (cyclist)}}|nat=AUS|team=Peugeot-Shell-Michelin}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1984|name={{sortname|Jacques|Hanegraaf}}|nat=NED|team={{ct|RAB|1984}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1985|name={{sortname|Gerrie|Knetemann}}|nat=NED|team=Skil-Sem-Kas-Miko}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1986|name={{sortname|Steven|Rooks}}|nat=NED|team=PDM-Gin MG-Ultima-Concorde}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1987|name={{sortname|Joop|Zoetemelk}}|nat=NED|team={{ct|RAB|1987}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1988|name={{sortname|Jelle|Nijdam}}|nat=NED|team=Superconfex-Yoko-Opel-Colnago}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1989|name={{sortname|Eric van|Lancker}}|nat=BEL|team=Panasonic-Isostar-Colnago-Agu}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1990|name={{sortname|Adri van der|Poel}}|nat=NED|team=Weinmann-SMM Uster-Merckx}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1991|name={{sortname|Frans|Maassen}}|nat=NED|team={{ct|RAB|1991}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1992|name={{sortname|Olaf|Ludwig}}|nat=GER|team=Panasonic-Sportlife}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1993|name={{sortname|Rolf|Järmann||Jarmann, Rolf}}|nat=SUI|team=Ariostea}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1994|name={{sortname|Johan|Museeuw}}|nat=BEL|team=GB-MG Maglificio-Bianchi}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1995|name={{sortname|Mauro|Gianetti}}|nat=SUI|team=Polti-Vaporetto}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1996|name={{sortname|Stefano|Zanini}}|nat=ITA|team={{ct|GEW|1996}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1997|name={{sortname|Bjarne|Riis}}|nat=DEN|team={{ct|THR|1997}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1998|name={{sortname|Rolf|Järmann||Jarmann, Rolf}}|nat=SUI|team={{ct|ALM|1998}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=1999|name={{sortname|Michael|Boogerd}}|nat=NED|team={{ct|RAB|1999}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2000|name={{sortname|Erik|Zabel}}|nat=GER|team={{ct|THR|2000}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2001|name={{sortname|Erik|Dekker}}|nat=NED|team={{ct|RAB|2001}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2002|name={{sortname|Michele|Bartoli}}|nat=ITA|team={{ct|FAS|2002}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2003|name={{sortname|Alexandre|Vinokourov}}|nat=KAZ|team={{ct|THR|2003}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2004|name={{sortname|Davide|Rebellin}}|nat=ITA|team={{ct|GST}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2005|name={{sortname|Danilo|Di Luca}}|nat=ITA|team={{ct|LIQ|2005}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2006|name={{sortname|Fränk|Schleck||Schleck, Frank}}|nat=LUX|team={{ct|SAX|2006}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2007|name={{sortname|Stefan|Schumacher}}|nat=GER|team={{ct|GST}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2008|name={{sortname|Damiano|Cunego}}|nat=ITA|team={{ct|LAM|2008}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2009|name={{sortname|Serguei|Ivanov}}|nat=RUS|team={{ct|KAT|2009}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2010|name={{sortname|Philippe|Gilbert}}|nat=BEL|team={{ct|SIL|2010}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2011|name={{sortname|Philippe|Gilbert}}|nat=BEL|team={{ct|LOT|2011}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2012|name={{sortname|Enrico|Gasparotto}}|nat=ITA|team={{ct|AST|2012}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2013|name={{sortname|Roman|Kreuziger}}|nat=CZE|team={{ct|SAX|2013}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2014|name={{sortname|Philippe|Gilbert}}|nat=BEL|team={{ct|BMC|2014}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2015|name={{sortname|Michał|Kwiatkowski}}|nat=POL|team={{ct|EQS|2015}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2016|name={{sortname|Enrico|Gasparotto}}|nat=ITA|team={{ct|WGG|2016}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2017|name={{sortname|Philippe|Gilbert}}|nat=BEL|team={{ct|QST|2017}}}}{{Cycling past winner rider|year=2018|name={{sortname|Michael|Valgren}}|nat=DEN|team={{ct|AST|2018}}}}{{Cycling past winner end}}

Multiple winners

Riders in italics are still active.
Wins Rider Editions
5Jan Raas|NED}} 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982
4{{flagathlete>Philippe Gilbert|BEL}} 2010, 2011, 2014, 2017
2Eddy Merckx|BEL}} 1973, 1975
Gerrie Knetemann|NED}} 1974, 1985
Rolf Järmann|SUI}} 1993, 1998
{{flagathlete>Enrico Gasparotto|ITA}} 2012, 2016

Wins per country

Wins Country
17 {{NED}}
13 {{BEL}}
7 {{ITA}}
3 {{GER}}
{{SUI}}
2 {{DEN}}
{{FRA}}
1 {{AUS}}
{{CZE}}
{{KAZ}}
{{LUX}}
{{POL}}
{{RUS}}

Women's race

{{main|Amstel Gold Race (women's race)}}

From 2001 to 2003, three editions of the Amstel Gold Race for elite women were held. In 2003, it was part of the UCI Women's Road World Cup.[29] The race started in Maastricht 30 minutes after the men's. It was run over 114 km, taking in nine climbs and similarly finishing on top of the Cauberg.[30] The race was discontinued after the third edition, because organization on the same day and on largely the same roads as the men's race was considered too difficult on the irregular circuits.{{refn|group=N|The 2003 women's race almost clashed with the men's}}

After a 14-year hiatus, the women's race returned in 2017, organized on the same day as the men's race at approximately half the distance.[2] Likewise, the race starts in Maastricht and finishes in Berg en Terblijt, Valkenburg. It features 17 categorized climbs, including four ascents of the Cauberg.[31][32] Olympic road race champion Anna van der Breggen won the race with an attack at 8 km from the finish.[33]

Cyclosportive

Since 2001 there is a Cyclosportive Amstel Gold Race, organized annually on the day before the professional event. Cycling fanatics and recreational bike riders can ride trajectories of 60, 100, 125, 150, 200 or 240 km. Every distance finishes on the location of the professional race, immediately after the climb of the Cauberg.[34] The number of participants is restricted to 12,000, in order to secure riders' safety. In 2009 the official website crashed, because of a run on the tickets. In 2010 all 12,000 tickets were sold in just 38 minutes.

Notes

1. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/uci-announce-2017-womens-worldtour-calendar/|title=UCI announce 2017 Women's WorldTour calendar|work=Cyclingnews.com|publisher=Immediate Media Company|date=15 October 2016|accessdate=17 October 2016}}
2. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2016/10/news/road/uci-unveils-2017-womens-worldtour_423020|title=UCI unveils 2017 Women's WorldTour|work=VeloNews|publisher=Competitor Group, Inc.|date=15 October 2016|accessdate=17 October 2016}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Amstel Gold Race. Race History|url=http://www.amstel.nl/evenementen/amstelgoldrace/wedstrijd/historie|website=Amstel Brewery|accessdate=2 December 2015}}
4. ^http://sporza.be/cm/sporza/videozone/retro/retro_voorjaarsklassiekers/retro_agr/1.1270886 Video of 1983 Amstel Gold Race (In Dutch)
5. ^{{cite web|title=34th Amstel Gold Race, World Cup Round 5 Netherlands, April 24, 1999|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/1999/apr99/amstel99results.html|website=autobus.cyclingnews.com|publisher=CyclingNews|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
6. ^http://www.cyclingfever.com/video.html?detp=view&video_idd=NDA5Ng== Video of 1999 Amstel Gold Race (In Dutch)
7. ^{{cite web|last1=Maloney|first1=Tim|title=36th Amstel Gold Race (CDM) Netherlands, April 28, 2001|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/results/2001/apr01/amstel/results.shtml|website=autobus.cyclingnews.com|publisher=Cycling News|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web|last1=van Dijk|first1=TIm|title=Amstel Gold Race 2001 – Erik Dekker, de laatste Nederlandse winnaar, 12 April 2011|url=http://www.cyclingstory.nl/2011/04/12/erik-dekker-wint-amstel-gold-race-2001/|website=Cyclingstory|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web|last1=Wilcockson|first1=John|title=Amstel Gold: Vinokourov takes his first classic win|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2003/04/news/road/amstel-gold-vinokourov-takes-his-first-classic-win_3777|website=velonews.competitor.com|publisher=Velonews|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web|last1=Aubrey|first1=Jan|title=Preview: Can Sagan triumph at Amstel Gold Race? New finish line in 2013 to result in more definitive selection|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/amstel-gold-race-2013/preview/|website=cyclingnews.com|publisher=CyclingNews|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Cauberg finish removed from Amstel Gold Race|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/cauberg-finish-removed-from-amstel-gold-race/|website=Cycling News|accessdate=17 April 2017}}
12. ^{{cite web|last1=Brown|first1=Gregor|title=Philippe Gilbert: ‘Amstel wins means a lot’|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/philippe-gilbert-amstel-wins-means-lot-120658|website=cyclingweekly.co.uk|publisher=Cycling Weekly|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
13. ^{{cite web|last1=Clarke|first1=Stuart|title=Michal Kwiatkowski wins Amstel Gold Race|url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/michal-kwiatkowski-wins-amstel-gold-race-167263|website=cyclingweekly.co.uk|publisher=Cycling Weekly|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Kwiatkowski wins Amstel Gold Race. World champion beats Valverde and Matthews on the Cauberg|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/amstel-gold-race/results/|website=cyclingnews.com|publisher=CyclingNews|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
15. ^http://sporza.be/cm/sporza/videozone/retro/retro_voorjaarsklassiekers/retro_agr/1.1602472 Video of 1981 Amstel Gold Race (In Dutch)
16. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Amstel Gold Race|url=http://www.uci.ch/road/news/article/amstel-gold-race-168476/|website=uci.ch|publisher=UCI|accessdate=27 November 2015}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=De Amstel Gold race en de Cauberg. Enige klassieke fietsberg van Nederland|url=http://www.npogeschiedenis.nl/nieuws/2010/april/De-Amstel-Gold-race-en-de-Cauberg.html|website=npogeschiedenis.nl|publisher=Nederlands Publieke Omroep|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
18. ^Finish Amstel Gold Race niet op Cauberg
19. ^{{cite web|last1=O'Shea|first1=Sadhbh|title=Preview: Amstel Gold Race attracts the stars for 50th edition|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/amstel-gold-race/preview/|website=cyclingnews.com|publisher=CyclingNews|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
20. ^{{cite web|last1=Jones|first1=Jeff|title=39th Amstel Gold Race - CDM. Netherlands, April 18, 2004|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2004/worldcup04/amstel04/?id=results|website=Cycling News|accessdate=4 December 2015}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/31958848 |title=Spring Classics: How to win cycling's hardest one-day races |accessdate=27 March 2015 |work=BBC Sport}}
22. ^{{cite web|last1=Easton|first1=Peter|title=Amstel ’09 Preview: Double Dutch Does the Trick|url=http://www.pezcyclingnews.com/features/amstel-09-previewdouble-dutch-does-the-trick/|website=pezcyclingnews.com|publisher=PEZ|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
23. ^ 
24. ^{{cite web|last1=Axelgaard|first1=Emil|title=Costa fights back from crash to take fourth in Amstel|url=http://www.cyclingquotes.com/news/costa_fights_back_from_crash_to_take_fourth_in_amstel/|website=cyclingquotes.com|publisher=CyclingQuotes|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
25. ^{{cite web|last1=Hood|first1=Edmond|title=PEZ Preview: Amstel Gold Race|url=http://www.pezcyclingnews.com/race_news/pez-preview-amstel-gold-race-2015/|website=pezcyclingnews.com|publisher=PEZ|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
26. ^{{cite web|last1=Gruber|first1=Jared|title=Fabian Cancellara closes spring campaign with a disappointing crash|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/8153/Fabian-Cancellara-closes-spring-campaign-with-a-disappointing-crash.aspx|website=velonation.com|publisher=VeloNation|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Joaquim Rodriguez, Andy Schleck among crash victims at Amstel Gold. Published Apr. 20, 2014|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2014/04/news/joaquim-rodriguez-andy-schleck-among-crash-victims-amstel-gold_324828|website=velonews.competitor.com|publisher=Velonews|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
28. ^{{cite web|last1=Ralbjerg|first1=Jesper|title=Voeckler crashes out of Amstel Gold Race. 14.04.2013|url=http://www.cyclingquotes.com/news/voeckler_crashes_out_of_amstel_gold_race/?acceptCookie=1#I5fMVALGdY04iLDH.97|website=cyclingquotes.com|publisher=CyclingQuotes|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
29. ^{{cite web|last1=Jones|first1=Jeff|title=38th Amstel Gold Race - World Cup status for women's Amstel|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2003/worldcup03/amstel03/|website=autobus.cyclingnews.com|publisher=CyclingNews|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
30. ^{{cite web|last1=Jones|first1=Jeff|title=38th Amstel Gold Race - CDM. Nicole Cooke holds off charging peloton|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2003/worldcup03/amstel03/?id=resultsw|website=autobus.cyclingnews.com|publisher=CyclingNews|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2016/10/news/amstel-gold-adds-womens-event-cauberg-finale_422179|title=Amstel Gold adds women's event with Cauberg finale|accessdate=3 October 2016}}
32. ^{{cite web|last1=O'Shea|first1=Sadhbh|title=Amstel Gold Race Women - Preview|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/amstel-gold-race-women-2017/preview/|website=Cyclingnews|publisher=Immediate Media Company|accessdate=14 April 2018}}
33. ^{{cite web|last1=Braverman|first1=Jessi|title=Van der Breggen wins women's Amstel Gold Race|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/races/amstel-gold-race-women-2017/results/|website=Cyclingnews|publisher=Immediate Media Company|accessdate=14 April 2018}}
34. ^{{cite web|title=Information Amstel Gold Race Tour version|url=http://www.amstel.nl/evenementen/amstelgoldrace/toer/informatie|website=amstel.com|publisher=Amstel|accessdate=28 November 2015}}

References

{{Reflist|25em}}
  • {{note|Trouw}} Graat, John (April 16, 2005). De Gold Race is allang geen 'poenkoers' meer. Trouw (newspaper), p. 21.

External links

{{commons category|Amstel Gold Race}}
  • {{official website|http://www.amstel.nl/}}
  • Recaps of all Amstel Gold Races since 1974 (Flemish television)
  • {{Cycling archives race|9}}
{{Amstel Gold Race}}{{UCI World Tour}}{{UCI ProTour}}{{Classic cycle races}}

11 : UCI ProTour races|Cycle races in the Netherlands|Classic cycle races|Recurring sporting events established in 1966|1966 establishments in the Netherlands|UCI Road World Cup races|UCI World Tour races|Amstel Gold Race|Sport in Limburg (Netherlands)|Sport in Valkenburg aan de Geul|South Limburg (Netherlands)
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/21 8:37:22