| 词条 | Asadabad, Afghanistan | |||||
| 释义 |
|official_name = Asadabad |other_name = Chagha Saray |native_name = اسدآباد |nickname = Abad - US soldiers use it referencing Asadabad and nearby FOB |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = US soldiers patrolling the streets of Asadabad-3.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = US soldiers in Asadabad (August 2009) |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Afghanistan |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Afghanistan |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Afghanistan}} |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Kunar Province |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = Asadabad District |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = Islamic republic |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = [1] |population_note = |population_total = 48,400 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title =Religions |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = + 4.30 |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|34|52|27|N|71|9|10|E|region:AF|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 827 |elevation_ft = 2713 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Asadabad or Asad Abad ({{lang-ps|اسدآباد}} - Asadābād, {{lang-fa|اسدآباد}}) is the capital city of Kunar Province in Afghanistan. It is located in the eastern portion of the country adjacent to Pakistan. The city is located within a valley at the confluence of the Pech River and Kunar River between two mountain ridgelines running along both sides of the valley from Northeast to Southwest. Asadabad is in a mountainous region of the Hindu Kush mountains about 13 km (eight miles) northwest of the Pakistani border and 80 km (50 miles) northeast of Jalalabad, Afghanistan. Asadabad deals with a moderate amount of trade goods. Nawa Pass, that lies about 16 km (10 miles) south of Asadabad, is the next major border crossing point north of the Khyber Pass for the region. The pass is under constant observation due to its relative ease to cross for commerce and its potential usage for smuggling and Taliban insurgents.[3] HistoryThe surrounding Kunar Province lies near the historic routes connecting Central Asia, India, and Iran, such as the Silk Road and the Grand Trunk Road through the Khyber Pass, as well as routes through the Hindu Kush mountains. Asadabad lies at the confluence of the two major rivers of the area, the Kunar and the Pech. The region would have come under the borders of various empires of the ages, including the Achaemenid Persians, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, etc. It was very close to the paths Alexander the Great passed by on his way from conquering Persia to invading India. Asadabad is also on the eastern boundary of what was Kafiristan - part of Afghanistan not converted to Islam until the 1890s.[4][5][6][7][8] In the past, the area near Asadabad was called Chaga Serai, with various spellings (Chega Serai, Chagasaray, Chigur Serai, Chughansuraee). Emperor Babur (late 15th century/early 16th century) claims to have taken over the town as part of his military campaigns in the area. He describes it very briefly in his book, Baburnama. He also mentions relations with the Kaffirs, whom he claims helped defend the town against him.[9] In the late 19th century/early 20th century the capital of the region was moved from Pushoot/Pasat/Pasad to the present Asadabad location. Over the 20th century, various technical improvements were made such as roads, a shopping area, schools, a bridge, a gas station, etc.[10] In the opening times of the Soviet Afghan war (1979-1988), Kunar province saw some of the first rebellions against the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. As punishment, PDPA troops with Soviet advisors massacred the males of the nearby village of Kerala, burying their bodies in a field near the Pech river.[4] Asadabad was later linked to a Soviet military base during the war, which included Spetsnaz.[11] Several Russian websites, like http://asadabad.ru, contain discussions and photos regarding this era. The rebel Mujahideen later took over the town from the Soviets. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hizb-e-Islami, one of the Peshawar Seven groups, had heavy influence in the area. Osama bin Laden also spent time in Asadabad.[12] ClimateAsadabad has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa). In winter there is more rainfall than in summer. The average annual temperature in Asadabad is {{convert|19.4|°C|1}}. About {{convert|532|mm|2|abbr=on}} of precipitation falls annually. {{Weather box|location = Asadabad|metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan high C = 12.7 |Feb high C = 15.0 |Mar high C = 19.7 |Apr high C = 24.9 |May high C = 31.3 |Jun high C = 37.8 |Jul high C = 37.7 |Aug high C = 36.1 |Sep high C = 33.5 |Oct high C = 27.8 |Nov high C = 21.0 |Dec high C = 14.6 |Jan low C = 1.3 |Feb low C = 3.7 |Mar low C = 7.9 |Apr low C = 12.3 |May low C = 17.2 |Jun low C = 22.6 |Jul low C = 24.8 |Aug low C = 23.8 |Sep low C = 19.7 |Oct low C = 12.6 |Nov low C = 6.1 |Dec low C = 2.2 |Jan precipitation mm = 44 |Feb precipitation mm = 67 |Mar precipitation mm = 111 |Apr precipitation mm = 104 |May precipitation mm = 45 |Jun precipitation mm = 11 |Jul precipitation mm = 28 |Aug precipitation mm = 30 |Sep precipitation mm = 17 |Oct precipitation mm = 17 |Nov precipitation mm = 18 |Dec precipitation mm = 40 |year precipitation mm= 532 |source = {{url|climate-data.org}} |date=18 January 2018}} Modern dayAbout 10% - 15% of the valley surrounding Asadabad is used for agriculture by using an ancient land development technique called terracing. However, flooding and erosion have been an issue in the past. The primary crops are wheat, rice, sugarcane and vegetables. Multiple international agencies are assisting with these issues and other issues throughout the province. In January 1979, a large guerrilla force, reported by the contemporary press - estimated - at 5,000 strong, attempted to capture the town, which was the headquarters of the Afghan Army's 9th Division.[13] In 1985, in the Battle of Maravar Pass the Afghan Mujahideen killed 31 Soviet troops in an ambush. On 20 April 1991, the marketplace of Asadabad was hit by two Scud missiles, that killed 300 and wounded 500 inhabitants. Though the exact toll is unknown, these attacks resulted in heavy civilian casualties.[14] The explosions destroyed the headquarters of Islamic leader Jamil al-Rahman, and killed a number of his followers.[11] In 2001 the War on Terror began with the invasion of Afghanistan, including Kunar Province. Forward Operating Base Camp Wright was set up a few miles south of Asadabad. According to an Army article, the camp was originally built by the Soviets.[15] As of January 2009, growth around Asadabad has been substantial. Examples of development are:
The Afghan National Police provide security for the city and district. There is also the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), led by the United States armed forces. It is not only helping the Afghan government to develop the area but is also training the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), including the Afghan Border Police and the Afghan Armed Forces. Notable residents and incidents
Sister cities
GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.silobreaker.com/asadabad-afghanistan-11_166105 |title=Asadabad (Afghanistan) |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616054629/http://www.silobreaker.com/asadabad-afghanistan-11_166105 |archivedate=June 16, 2009 |work=Silobreaker|date=June 14, 2009}} 2. ^ 3. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.disam.dsca.mil/pubs/Indexes/Vol%2031_3/Moeller.pdf|title=Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the United States Agree: Cooperation is the Key to Success Along Border Pass|author=United States Army Sergeant Moeller, Matthew C. Combined Joint Task Force 82 Public Affairs|journal=The DISAM Journal|date=November 2009|accessdate=July 22, 2017}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OClphN8UbZUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=killing+the+cranes&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=killing%20the%20cranes&f=false|title=Killing the Cranes|first=Edward|last=Girardet|authorlink=Edward Girardet|date=August 8, 2012|publisher=Chelsea Green|via=Google Books|isbn=9781603583190}} 5. ^{{cite book|url=http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft3p30056w&chunk.id=d0e1865&toc.id=d0e1865&brand=eschol|title=Before Taliban: Genealogies of the Afghan Jihad|first=David B.|last=Edwards|publisher=University of California Press|year=2002|website=The Regents of the University of California|at=Part II|via=UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004|isbn=9780520926875}} 6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G52kH8kbZR4C|title=The Main Enemy|isbn=9780345472502|first1=Milton|last1=Bearden|authorlink1=Milton Bearden|first2=James|last2=Risen|authorlink2=James Risen|year=2004|publisher=Random House|via=Google Books}} 7. ^{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jw7AQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society|volume=42|page=190|publisher=Royal Geographic Society|via=Google Books|year=1872}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=Cabool: A Personal Narrative of a Journey To, and Residence in that City, in the Years 1836, 7, and 8|first=Sir Alexander|last=Burnes|authorlink=Alexander Burnes|publisher=J. Murray|year=1843|via=Google Books}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=The Babur-nama: Memoirs of Babur|language=English|first=Annette Susannah|last=Beveridge|authorlink=Annette Beveridge|via=Internet Archive|url=https://archive.org/stream/baburnamainengli01babuuoft/baburnamainengli01babuuoft_djvu.txt|year=1922|publisher=Luzac & Co.}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/asadabad-or-asadabad-the-official-name-of-a-small-town-in-eastern-afghanistan|title=Asadābād|publisher=Encyclopædia Iranica|website=iranicaonline.org|date=August 16, 2011|accessdate=July 22, 2017}} 11. ^1 {{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan|first=Ludwig W.|last=Adamec|authorlink=Ludwig W. Adamec|date=November 10, 2011|at=entry Spetsnaz on page 403|via=Google Books|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810878150}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/2002/09/06/asadabad/|title=U.S. airstrike near Asadabad|date=September 6, 2002|first=Phillip|last=Robertson|work=Salon|accessdate=July 22, 2017}} 13. ^{{cite book |title=War in Afghanistan|last=Urban |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Urban |year=1988 |publisher=Macmillan Press |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire |isbn=978-0-333-43263-1 |page=27}} Urban cites The Guardian, 8 January 1979. 14. ^{{cite journal|first1=George N.|last1=Lewis|authorlink1=George Lewis (journalist)|first2=Steve|last2=Fetter|first3=Lisbeth|last3=Gronlund|date=March 1993|title=Casualties and damage from Scud attacks in the 1991 Gulf War|publisher=Defense and Arms Control Studies Program, Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology|page=13|url=http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/4334|via=Digital Repository at the University of Maryland}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.army.mil/article/95890/Team_building_on_an_Afghan_mountainside/|title=Team building on an Afghan mountainside|first=Lisa|last=Maginot|date=February 7, 2013|publisher=U.S. Army|website=army.mil|accessdate=July 22, 2017}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/infocus/afghanistan/|title=Fact Sheet: Making Afghanistan More Secure with Economic and Reconstruction Assistance|publisher=The White House: President George W. Bush|via=Internet Archives}} 17. ^{{cite journal|title=From Reform to Revolution: A Critical Reading of the Political Discourse and Actions of the Islamic Movement in Egypt|first=Louay|last=Safi|authorlink=Louay M. Safi|journal=Intellectual Discourse|year=1995|volume=3|issue=1|url=http://lsinsight.org/articles/1998_Before/Reform.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820081614/http://lsinsight.org/articles/1998_Before/Reform.htm|archivedate=August 20, 2011}} 18. ^{{cite journal|title=Le vent de la révolte souffle au Caire|language=French|trans-title=The wind of revolt blows in Cairo|first=Baudouin|last=Eschapasse|url=http://www.historia.presse.fr/data/thematique/105/10502401.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129081302/http://www.historia.presse.fr/data/thematique/105/10502401.html |archivedate=2007-01-29|deadurl=yes}} 19. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/03/12/karzai-seeks-end-war-afghan-soil|title=Karzai seeks end to war on Afghan soil|date=March 12, 2011|work=Pajhwok Afghan News|accessdate=July 22, 2017}} 20. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6359657.stm|title=CIA worker is jailed over beating|work=BBC|date=February 13, 2007}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.insidebayarea.com/news/ci_21337474/union-city-adds-new-sibling-its-list-sister|title=Union City adds new 'sibling' to its list of sister cities|work=East Bay Times|first=Chris|last=de Benedetti|date=August 17, 2012|accessdate=July 22, 2017|publisher=Digital First Media}} External links{{commons category|Asadabad}}
1 : Populated places in Kunar Province |
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