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词条 Ayres Thrush
释义

  1. Design and development

  2. Variants

     Snow Aeronautical  Aero Commander  Rockwell  Marsh  Ayres  Thrush Aircraft 

  3. Specifications (Thrush Commander 600)

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. Bibliography

  7. External links

name = Thrushimage = File:AyresThrushC-GVVZ.JPGcaption = The radial engine powered Ayres S-2R Thrush

}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type

type = Aerial application aircraftmanufacturer = Ayres Corporation
Thrush Aircraft		designer = Leland Snowfirst flight = 1956introduction = retired = status = primary user = more users = produced = number built = less than 2,000program cost= unit cost = developed from = variants with their own articles =
}}

The Ayres Thrush, formerly the Snow S-2,[1] Aero Commander Ag Commander, and Rockwell Thrush Commander, is an American agricultural aircraft produced by Ayres Corporation and more recently by Thrush Aircraft. It is one of the most successful and long-lived agricultural application aircraft types in the world, with almost 2,000 sold since the first example flew {{Years ago|1956}} years ago. Typical of agricultural aircraft, it is a single-seat monoplane of conventional taildragger configuration. Originally powered by a radial piston engine, most examples produced since the 1980s have been turboprop-powered.

Design and development

The Thrush, designed by Leland Snow, first flew in 1956 and before long was being produced in series as the S-2 by the company he founded, Snow Aeronautical.[1] In 1965, the corporation and all of its assets were purchased by the Aero Commander division of Rockwell, which put it into production alongside the CallAir A-9 that it had also acquired, branding both unrelated (though similar) machines as "Ag Commanders". When Rockwell dropped the Aero Commander brand, the S-2 was renamed the "Thrush Commander".

In 1977, Rockwell sold off the production rights to the aircraft and the production facility at Albany, Georgia, which were purchased by Ayres Corporation, a firm which had been built on retro-fitting turboprop engines to Thrush Commanders. On June 30, 2003, Ayres' assets were purchased by Thrush Aircraft, the current producer of the aircraft.

The S-2 and its several variants have been purchased by agricultural spraying operators in many countries. Large numbers are operated in the United States and Australia, while other countries using the type include Costa Rica, France, Guyana, Iran, Israel, Jamaica, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

Ayres developed a special anti-narcotics crop-spraying version of the Turbo-Thrush for the United States Department of State. This version, known as the Narcotics Eradication Delivery System (NEDS)[2][3] featured an armored cockpit and engine to protect against hostile ground fire. Nine were sold to the Department of State between 1983 and 1985.[4] Ayres also attempted to market a militarized version as the Ayres Vigilante, intended for the Close Air Support role, but this failed to attract customers.[5] IOMAX USA of North Carolina, which had previously modified Air Tractor AT-802 agricultural aircraft as reconnaissance/attack aircraft, has developed the Archangel attack aircraft modeled on the S-2R-660. The United Arab Emirates has ordered 24 Archangels, with delivery from June 2015.[6]

Two Thrush 510Gs were modified to perform a counter-insurgency role by the Austrian company Airborne Technologies at the direction of Erik Prince, the former head of Blackwater, but in the absence of an export license the aircraft have not been used operationally.[7]

Variants

Snow Aeronautical

(per Simpson, 2005, p. 39)

S-1
initial prototype with open cockpit.
S-2
pre-production version of S-1 - three built.
S-2A
initial production version, powered by Continental engine – 73 built.
S-2B
S-2 powered by 450 hp Pratt & Whitney R-985 – 19 built.
S-2C
refined production version – 214 built.
S-2C-600
S-2C re-engined with Pratt & Whitney R-1340-AN1.
S-2D
6,000 lb take-off weight – 105 built.

Aero Commander

S-2D Ag Commander

Rockwell

Thrush Commander 600
Thrush Commander 800
powered by Wright R-1300.

Marsh

S2R-T Turbo Thrush
Rockwell Thrush Commanders converted to turbine power by Marsh Aviation using Garrett AiResearch TPE331-1-101 engines.

Ayres

S-2R 1340
equivalent to Thrush Commander 600.
S-2R 1820
Bull Thrush
Pezetel Thrush
powered by PZL-3.
S-2R-T
turboprop powered versions equipped with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A.

Thrush Aircraft

Thrush Model 400
Thrush Model 510G
General Electric H80 powered[8]
Thrush Model 510GR
Honeywell TPE 331 powered[9]
Thrush Model 510P
Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34 powered[10]
Thrush Model 550
Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65AG powered[11]
Thrush Model 710
Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65AG powered[12]
Archangel
Thrush 550G modified as two-seat armed attack aircraft. {{convert|1600|shp|kW|abbr=on}} PT6A-67F engine. Fitted with 6 hardpoints for {{convert|6000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of external stores.[13]

Specifications (Thrush Commander 600)

{{Aircraft specifications
|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=prop


|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976-77 [14]


|crew=1
|capacity=
|payload main=400 US Gal
|payload alt=1,514 L
|length main= 29 ft 2 in
|length alt=8.89 m
|span main=44 ft 4 in
|span alt=13.51 m
|height main=9 ft 2 in
|height alt=2.79 m
|area main= 326.6 sq ft
|area alt= 30.34 m²
|airfoil=
|aspect ratio=
|empty weight main= 3,700 lb
|empty weight alt= 1,678 kg
|loaded weight main=
|loaded weight alt=
|useful load main=
|useful load alt=
|max takeoff weight main= 6,000 lb
|max takeoff weight alt= 3,130 kg
|more general=


|engine (jet)=
|type of jet=
|number of jets=
|thrust main=
|thrust alt=
|thrust original=
|afterburning thrust main=
|afterburning thrust alt=
|engine (prop)=Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp
|type of prop=9-cylinder air-cooled radial engine
|number of props=1
|power main= 600 hp
|power alt=448 kW
|power original=
|propeller or rotor?=propeller
|propellers=Hamilton-Standard 12D40 2-blade metal constant speed propeller
|number of propellers per engine=1
|propeller diameter main=
|propeller diameter alt=


|max speed main= 140 mph
|max speed alt= 122 knots, 225 km/h
|max speed more=
|cruise speed main=124 mph
|cruise speed alt=108 knots, 200 km/h
|cruise speed more=(70% power)
|stall speed main= 66 mph
|stall speed alt= 57.5 knots, 107 km/h
|stall speed more=flaps down
|never exceed speed main=
|never exceed speed alt=
|range main=
|range alt=
|range more=
|combat radius main=
|combat radius alt=
|combat radius more=
|ferry range main=403 mi
|ferry range alt=350 nmi, 648 km
|ferry range more=
|endurance=
|ceiling main= 15,000 ft
|ceiling alt= 4,575 m
|ceiling more=
|climb rate main= 900 ft/min
|climb rate alt= 4.6 m/s
|climb rate more=
|sink rate main=
|sink rate alt=
|sink rate more=
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|more performance=


|armament=
|guns=
|bombs=
|rockets=
|missiles=
|hardpoints=
|hardpoint capacity=
|avionics=
}}

See also

{{Aircontent
|related=
  • PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader

|similar aircraft=
  • Aero Boero 260AG
  • Air Tractor AT-300
  • Air Tractor AT-802
  • Cessna 188
  • Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema
  • Grumman Ag Cat
  • PAC Cresco
  • PAC Fletcher
  • PZL-106 Kruk
  • Zlin Z-37 Cmelak

|see also
}}

References

1. ^1 Macdonald, 1964. p.138.
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main?id=53 | title=The Ayres Thrush & Rockwell Thrush Commander | publisher=Airliners.net | accessdate=December 11, 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|last1=Trevithick|first1=Joe|title=The U.S. State Department has its own air force. And it's surprisingly big.|url=http://theweek.com/articles/445676/state-department-air-force-surprisingly-big|website=The Week|publisher=The Week|accessdate=4 August 2017}}
4. ^J. W. R. Taylor 1988, p. 328.
5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.timawa.net/modernization-paf.htm | title=AYRES V-1-A Vigilante as COIN Aircraft | publisher=Opus224's Unofficial Philippine Defense Page | accessdate=December 11, 2012 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624075916/http://www.timawa.net/modernization-paf.htm | archivedate=June 24, 2012 | df= }}
6. ^Ayton Air International February 2017, pp. 25, 27.
7. ^{{cite news|last1=Scahill|first1=Jeremy|last2=Cole|first2=Matthew|title=Echo Papa Exposed|url=https://theintercept.com/2016/04/11/blackwater-founder-erik-prince-drive-to-build-private-air-force|accessdate=31 January 2017|work=The Intercept|date=11 April 2016}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thrushaircraft.com/en/aircraft/510g.html|title=510G - Thrush Aircraft|author=Thrush Aircraft|work=thrushaircraft.com|accessdate=8 December 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thrushaircraft.com/en/aircraft/510gr.html|title=510GR - Thrush Aircraft|author=Thrush Aircraft|work=thrushaircraft.com|accessdate=8 December 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thrushaircraft.com/en/aircraft/510p.html|title=510P - Thrush Aircraft|first=Thrush|author=Thrush Aircraft|accessdate=8 December 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thrushaircraft.com/en/aircraft/550p-en.html|title=550P - Thrush Aircraft|author=Thrush Aircraft|work=thrushaircraft.com|accessdate=8 December 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thrushaircraft.com/en/aircraft/710pen.html|title=710P - Thrush Aircraft|author=Thrush Aircraft|work=thrushaircraft.com|accessdate=8 December 2016}}
13. ^Ayton Air International February 2017, pp. 25, 31.
14. ^Taylor 1976, p.379.

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
  • Ayton, Mark. "Archangel: Crop Duster to Tank Buster". Air International, Vol. 92, No. 2, February 2017. pp. 24–33. {{ISSN|0306-5634}}.
  • Green, William. Aircraft Handbook. London. Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1964.
  • Simpson, Rod. The General Aviation Handbook. Midland Publishing. 2005. {{ISBN|1-85780-222-5}}.
  • Taylor, John W R. (editor). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976-77. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1976. {{ISBN|0-354-00538-3}}.
  • Taylor, John W R. (editor). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988-89. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group, 1988. {{ISBN|0-7106-0867-5}}.
{{Refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Ayres Thrush}}
  • {{official website|https://www.thrushaircraft.com/en}}
  • {{cite web |url= http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/ayres-thrush-rockwell-thrush-commander/53 |website= Airliners.net |title= Ayres Thrush}}
  • {{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/defense/coin-machine-flying-iomax-archangel |title= COIN Machine: Flying The Iomax Archangel |date= Apr 5, 2017 |author= Joe F. Edwards |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}
{{Aero Commander aircraft}}

6 : Ayres aircraft|United States agricultural aircraft 1950–1959|Thrush aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Low-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1956
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