| 词条 | Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Brussels | ||||||
| 释义 |
| denomination = Roman Catholic | name = National Basilica of the Sacred Heart | fullname = | other name = | native_name = {{lang-fr|Basilique Nationale du Sacré-Cœur}} {{lang-nl|Nationale Basiliek van het Heilig-Hart}} | native_name_lang = | image = Basilica of the Sacred Heart.jpg | imagesize = | imagealt = | caption = Koekelberg Basilica | coordinates = {{coord|50|52|00|N|4|19|02|E|display=inline,title|type:landmark_region:BE}} | country = Belgium | osgridref = | osgraw = | location = Koekelberg, Brussels | previous denomination = | churchmanship = | membership = | attendance = | website = www.basilique.be | former name = | bull date = | founded date = | founder = | dedication = Sacred Heart | dedicated date = | consecrated date = 1935 | cult = | relics = | events = | past bishop = | people = | status = | functional status = Active | heritage designation = | designated date = | architect = Pierre Langerock, Albert Van Huffel, Paul Rome | architectural type = Parish church, Minor Basilica | style = Art deco | years built = | groundbreaking = 1905 | completed date = 1970 | construction cost = | closed date = | demolished date = | capacity = 3,500 | length = {{convert|164.5|m|ft}} | length nave = {{convert|141|m|ft}} | width = {{convert|107.80|m|ft}} | width nave = {{convert|25|m|ft}} | height = {{convert|89|m|ft}} | diameter = | other dimensions = | floor count = | floor area = | dome quantity = 1 | dome height outer = | dome height inner = | dome dia outer = {{convert|33|m|ft}} | dome dia inner = | tower quantity = 2 | tower height = | spire quantity = | spire height = | materials = Reinforced concrete, terracotta layering, bricks, dimension stone | bells = | bells hung = | bell weight = | parish = | deanery = | archdeaconry = | episcopalarea = | archdiocese = Mechelen-Brussels | metropolis = | diocese = | province = | presbytery = | synod = | circuit = | district = | division = | subdivision = | archbishop = | bishop = | abbot = | prior = | subprior = | vicar = | exarch = | provost-rector = | provost = | viceprovost = | rector = | dean = | subdean = | archpriest = | precentor = | succentor = | chancellor = | canonchancellor = | canon = | canonpastor = | canonmissioner = | canontreasurer = | prebendary = | priestincharge = | priest = | asstpriest = | honpriest = | curate = | asstcurate = | minister = | assistant = | seniorpastor = | pastor = | chaplain = | archdeacon = | deacon = | reader = | student intern = | organistdom = | director = | organist = | organscholar = | chapterclerk = | laychapter = | warden = | verger = | businessmgr = | liturgycoord = | reledu = | rcia = | youthmin = | flowerguild = | musicgroup = | parishadmin = | serversguild = | logo = | logosize = | logolink = | logoalt = | embedded = | imagelink = | landscape = | deaconness = | elder = }}The National Basilica of the Sacred Heart ({{lang-fr|Basilique Nationale du Sacré-Cœur}}, {{lang-nl|Nationale Basiliek van het Heilig-Hart}}) is a Roman Catholic Minor Basilica and parish church in Brussels, Belgium. The church was dedicated to the Sacred Heart, inspired by the Basilique du Sacré-Coeur in Paris. Symbolically, King Leopold II laid the first stone of the basilica in 1905 during the celebrations of the 75th anniversary of Belgian independence. The construction was halted by the two World Wars and finished only in 1969. Belonging to the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Mechelen-Brussels, it is one of the ten largest Roman Catholic churches by area in the world.[1] Located in the Parc Elisabeth atop the Koekelberg Hill in Brussels' Koekelberg municipality, the church is popularly known as the Koekelberg Basilica ({{lang-fr|link=no|Basilique de Koekelberg}} or {{lang-nl|link=no|Basiliek van Koekelberg}}). The massive brick and concrete reinforced church features two thin towers and a green copper dome that rises {{convert|89|m|ft}} above the ground, dominating the northwestern skyline of Brussels. It is served by the metro station Simonis on lines 2 and 6 of the Brussels metro. HistoryIn the mid-19th century, King Leopold I dreamed of turning the uninhabited Koekelberg hill into a royal residence area. After his death just before 1880, King Leopold II envisaged building a Belgian Panthéon dedicated to Great Belgians, inspired by the French Panthéon in Paris, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Belgian independence. The King dropped this project due to the lack of enthusiasm of the Belgian population. In 1902, King Leopold II visited the Basilique du Sacré-Coeur of Paris and decided to build instead a pilgrimage church, a national sanctuary dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.[2] Neo-Gothic Basilica (1905–1914)The initial project of Leuven-based architect Pierre Langerock was a sumptuous neo-Gothic church inspired by the "ideal cathedral" of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. King Leopold II laid the first stone on 12 October 1905 during the celebrations commemorating the 75th anniversary of Belgian independence.[3] Financing the construction of the church soon became a problem.[4] Only the foundations had been finished when World War I broke out. In his pastoral letter for Christmas 1914, Cardinal Mercier gave the Basilica a new meaning:[3]{{quote|As soon as Peace shines on our country, we will rebuild on our ruins, and we hope to put the crowning touch on this work of reconstruction by building, on the heights of the capital of free and catholic Belgium, the National Basilica of the Sacred Heart.}}Art Deco Basilica (1919–1969)On 29 June 1919, King Albert I and a large crowd associated themselves with this promise in a ceremony on the Koekelberg Hill. However it was impossible to resume Langerock's plan due to the state of public finances. A project by architect Albert Van Huffel was adopted. Cardinal Jozef-Ernest van Roey consecrated the unfinished church on 14 October 1935, after obtaining a special authorisation from Pope Pius XI.[5] The cupola was finished in 1969 and, on 11 November 1970, the ceremony for the 25th anniversary of the episcopate of Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels Cardinal Leo Joseph Suenens marked the completion of the construction of the Basilica. The final design by architect Albert Van Huffel won the great architecture prize at the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes in Paris.[6] BuildingThe church, on Koekelberg hill, is a landmark on the Brussels skyline. It is the largest building in Art Deco style in the world{{Citation needed|reason=reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=March 2012}}, at {{convert|89|m|ft|abbr=on}} high and {{convert|164.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} long (outside length). The cupola platform affords an excellent city panoramic view of Brussels and the wider area of Flemish-Brabant. Visitors can reach the platform either by stairs or by two elevators commissioned in the spring of 2012, in the form of a cage and two fully glazed cabins. The central nave is {{convert|141|m|ft|abbr=on}} long, and at its widest the building is {{convert|107|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The cupola has a diameter of {{convert|33|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The church accommodates 3,500 people. The building combines reinforced concrete with terracotta layering, bricks, and dimension stone. Belgian painter Anto Carte (1886–1954) designed the eight stained glass windows representing the life of Jesus.[7] TriviaThis enormous building houses Catholic Church celebrations in both main Belgian national languages (Dutch and French), as well as conferences, exhibitions (as in 2007–2008, the International Leonardo da Vinci Expo), a restaurant, a Catholic radio station, a theatre and two museums. Notes1. ^List of largest church buildings in the world 2. ^Vandenbreeden. p. 13 3. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://www.basilique.be/admen/ |title=History of the Basilica – official website|date=2008-07-07|accessdate=2009-01-10| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090212063218/http://www.basilique.be/admen/| archivedate= 12 February 2009 | deadurl= no}} 4. ^Vandenbreeden. p. 17 5. ^{{cite book|last=Stéphany|first=Pierre |title=La Belgique en cent coups d'oeil|publisher=Lannoo Uitgevrij|location=Tielt|year=2006|chapter=Bruxelles. La basilique de Koekelberg|isbn=2-87386-445-1|language=French| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-FlzjlvYI4C&pg=PA62&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=OP1oSdfHAoWSMp2rrKoP&hl=en#PPA61,M1|page=61}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Pirlot|first=Anne-Marie|chapter=L'exposition de Paris (1925)|title=Modernisme art déco|editor=Région de Bruxelles-capitale|location=Liège|year=2004|publisher=Editions Mardaga|isbn=2-87009-871-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BJ-pyIPyEv4C&pg=PA15&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=OP1oSdfHAoWSMp2rrKoP&hl=en#PPA15,M1|language=French|page=15}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Vandenbreeden|first=Jos|last2=de Puydt|first2=Raoul M |title= Basilique Koekelberg: monument art déco|publisher=Editions Racine|location=Bruxelles|year=2005|isbn=90-209-6144-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxrg1S1nQ18C&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103 |language=French, Dutch|page=103|chapter=Les Vitraux}} See also{{Portal|Catholicism|Belgium}}
References
External links{{commons category|Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Brussels}}
7 : Roman Catholic churches in Brussels|Basilica churches in Belgium|Art Deco architecture in Belgium|1905 in Belgium|Roman Catholic churches completed in 1969|Koekelberg|Church buildings with domes |
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