| 词条 | 1919 Finnish parliamentary election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
BackgroundIn 1919, Finland was still reeling from the violent and traumatic effects of its Civil War. Many Whites (rightists and centrists) felt that a strong national government was necessary to prevent a new civil war. Some conservatives, especially monarchists, even wondered if Finland should keep its democratic and universal right to vote (for example Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, in the White Army's victory parade in Helsinki in May 1918, he called for the giving of Finland's leadership to a strong leader, free from partisan wrangling). Liberals, such as the first President Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, believed that discontent with Finland's political, social and economic order would be removed by making reforms. Monarchists had elected Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse (a state of Germany) as the Finnish King in October 1918, but he had renounced the throne in December 1918, conscious of the problems that Finland would have in its relations with the United Kingdom and the United States if it had a citizen of the defeated Germany as its king. The parties that favoured a republic (Social Democrats, Agrarians and Progressives) disagreed on how much power the head of state (President) should have. The monarchist parties (National Coalitioners and Swedish People's Party) favoured a strong presidency if there was going to be a republic at all. In the end, enough Finnish voters sided with the pro-republic parties that also promised significant social reforms, such as the freeing of tenant farmers and the distribution of excess farmland to them.[3][4][5] Results
|title=Popular vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=350px |bars={{Bar percent|SDP|{{Social Democratic Party of Finland/meta/color}}|37.98}}{{Bar percent|ML|{{Centre Party (Finland)/meta/color}}|19.70}}{{Bar percent|KOK|{{National Coalition Party/meta/color}}|15.71}}{{Bar percent|ED|{{National Progressive Party (Finland)/meta/color}}|12.81}}{{Bar percent|RKP|{{Swedish People's Party of Finland/meta/color}}|12.13}}{{Bar percent|KTL|#9F00E5|1.53}}{{Bar percent|Others|{{Other/meta/color}}|0.14}} }}{{Bar box |title=Parliament seats |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=350px |bars={{Bar percent|SDP|{{Social Democratic Party of Finland/meta/color}}|40.00}}{{Bar percent|ML|{{Centre Party (Finland)/meta/color}}|21.00}}{{Bar percent|KOK|{{National Coalition Party/meta/color}}|14.00}}{{Bar percent|ED|{{National Progressive Party (Finland)/meta/color}}|13.00}}{{Bar percent|RKP|{{Swedish People's Party of Finland/meta/color}}|11.00}}{{Bar percent|KTL|#9F00E5|1.00}} }} See also
References1. ^Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p606 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}} {{Finnish Elections}}2. ^Nohlen & Stöver, p613 3. ^Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of Finnish History, Helsinki: WSOY, 2003, pages 610-612 4. ^Pentti Virrankoski, A History of Finland 1&2, Helsinki: Finnish Literary Society, 2009, pages 756-758, 766-767 5. ^Jonathan Clements, Mannerheim: President, Soldier, Spy, London, UK: Haus Publishing Ltd, 2009 4 : General elections in Finland|1919 elections in Europe|1919 in Finland|March 1919 events |
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