| 词条 | Bernhard Lichtenberg |
| 释义 |
|name=Blessed Bernhard Lichtenberg |birth_date=3 December 1875 |death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|1943|11|5|1875|12|3}} |feast_day= |venerated_in=Roman Catholic Church (Germany) |image= Bernhard-lichtenberg-Small5.tif |imagesize= |caption= Fr. Bernhard Lichtenberg |birth_place=Ohlau, Prussian Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire |death_place=While being transported from Berlin to Dachau concentration camp, Germany |titles=Priest and martyr |beatified_date=23 June 1996 |beatified_place=Germany, |beatified_by=Pope John Paul II |canonized_date= |canonized_place= |canonized_by= |attributes= |patronage= |major_shrine=St. Hedwig's Cathedral, Berlin, Germany |suppressed_date= |issues= }}{{Modern persecutions of the Catholic Church}} The Blessed Bernhard Lichtenberg (3 December 1875 – 5 November 1943) was a German Roman Catholic priest and theologian, who died while in the custody of forces of the Third Reich. He has been awarded the title of Righteous among the Nations and has been beatified by the Catholic Church.[1] LifeLichtenberg was born in Ohlau (now Oława), Prussian Silesia, near Breslau (now Wrocław), the second of five children. He studied theology in Innsbruck, Austria-Hungary and he also studied in Breslau (which is now polish Wroclaw) and was ordained in 1899.[2][3] Lichtenberg began his ministry in Berlin in 1900, as the pastor of Charlottenburg. He served as a military chaplain during World War I. During the period of 1913-1930 he was a minister at the cathedral Herz-Jesu-Gemeinde(Sacred Heart) in Charlottenburg, Berlin.[4] In 1932, the Bishop of Berlin appointed him as a canon of the Cathedral chapter of St. Hedwig.[2] His encouraging Catholics to view a screening of the film version of Erich Maria Remarques' anti-war film All Quiet on the Western Front, prompted a vicious attack by Joseph Goebbels' paper Der Angriff.[4] In 1933 the Secret State Police of Germany (Gestapo) had searched his house for the first time.[2] Active in the Centre Party, in 1935 he went to Hermann Göring to protest against the cruelties of the concentration camps.[5][2] Named provost of the cathedral, in 1938, Lichtenberg was put in charge of the Relief Office of the Berlin episcopate, which assisted many Catholics of Jewish descent in emigrating from the Third Reich.[4] After Kristallnacht, the first organized Nazi pogrom in Germany, Lichtenberg warned at the Berlin Church of Saint Hedwig: "The burning synagogue outside is also a house of God!" Until his arrest in October 1941, Lichtenberg would pray publicly for the persecuted Jews at the daily Vespers service. Bishop Konrad von Preysing later entrusted him with the task of helping the Jewish community of the city.[2] He protested in person to Nazi officials against the arrest and killing of the sick and mentally ill, as well as the persecution of the Jews. At first, the Nazis dismissed the priest as a nuisance. Father Lichtenberg was warned that he was in danger of being arrested for his activities, but he continued nonetheless.[3] Deploring the regime of concentration camps like that of Dachau, he organized demonstrations against them outside certain camps.[6] In 1941, Lichtenberg protested against the involuntary euthanasia programme by way of a letter to the chief physician of the Reich, Minister of Public Health Leonardo Conti (1900-1945): I, as a human being, a Christian, a priest, and a German, demand of you, Chief Physician of the Reich, that you answer for the crimes that have been perpetrated at your bidding, and with your consent, and which will call forth the vengeance of the Lord on the heads of the German people.[7] The euthanasia in the health institutions of Nazi Germany was purportedly stopped soon after the church protests against euthanasia headed by the bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen and bishop Theophil Wurm. "Nazi leaders faced the prospect of either having to imprison prominent, highly admired clergymen and other protesters – a course with consequences in terms of adverse public reaction they greatly feared – or else end the programme".[8] Lichtenberg was arrested on October 23, 1941 and condemned to two years in prison. He asked to accompany Jews to the East in order to provide comfort there.[7][9] Because he was considered incorrigible, he was sent to the Dachau concentration camp, but he collapsed and died while in transit,[7] on 5 November 1943 in Hof, Bavaria.[3][2] VenerationOn 23 June 1996, Pope John Paul II declared Lichtenberg and Karl Leisner blessed martyrs. The beatification ceremony took place during a Mass celebrated in the Olympic stadium in Berlin.[6] The date of his death, November 5 was designated as the liturgical memorial day of Bernard Lichtenberg by Pope John Paul II.[10] Lichtenberg's tomb is situated in the crypt of St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin. After the war, the building with the office of the archbishop of Berlin was named Bernhard Lichtenberg house.[6] In the memorial area of the former concentration camp Esterwegen a memorial plaque was installed to honor Bernhard Lichtenberg for his activities for the prisoners of the camp. In the historic center of the town of Hof, the area in front of St. Mary's church has since 2013 been named Bernhard-Lichtenberg-Platz and on the initiative of pastor Hans-Jürgen Wiedow a new parish center named after Bernhard Lichtenberg was constructed in 2016/17 under the St. Konrad's church in the town.[11] Compositions
See also
ReferencesFootnotes1. ^Gaydosh, Brenda (2017). Bernhard Lichtenberg. Roman Catholic Priest and Martyr of the Nazi Regime, Lanham. p. 175 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |last1=Knauft |first1=Wolfgang |title=Lichtenberg, Bernhard. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB), volume 14 |date=1985 |publisher=Duncker & Humblot |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-428-00195-8 |page=449 |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd11857261X.html#ndbcontent}} 3. ^1 2 [https://www.chcweb.com/catalog/files/hhgermany.pdf "Bl. Bernhard Lichtenberg", Heroes of the Holocaust, Catholic Heritage Curricula] 4. ^1 2 "Bernard Lichtenberg", The Righteous Among the Nations, Yad Vashem 5. ^[https://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/bios96.htm "Bl. Bernhard Lichtenberg", L'Osservatore Romano, 1966] 6. ^1 2 "BB. Karl Leisner and Bernhard Lichtenberg", St. Kateri Tekakwitha Parish in Irondequoit, New York 7. ^1 2 Gilbert, Sir Martin, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_sfOn8BkOwC&dq The Second World War: A Complete History], p. 228, MacMillan 2004 8. ^Lifton, R. J. (1986). The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. New York: Basic Books. {{ISBN|978-0-465-04904-2}}, p. 95 9. ^{{cite journal |last1=Spicer |first1=Kevin |title=Last Years of a Resister in the Diocese of Berlin: Bernhard Lichtenberg's Conflict with Karl Adam and His Fateful Imprisonment |journal=Church History |date=2001 |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=248–270 |jstor=3654453 |doi=10.2307/3654453 }} 10. ^Lichtenberg, Blessed Priest and Martyr Retrieved on 17 Jan 2018 11. ^Pfarrzentrum Bernhard Lichtenberg (Hof) 12. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.kirche-st-marien-hof.de/kirchenmusik/publikationen.html |title=Lichtenberg-Vesper |access-date=2017-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321082031/http://www.kirche-st-marien-hof.de/kirchenmusik/publikationen.html |archive-date=2017-03-21 |dead-url=yes |df= }} Bibliography
External links
21 : 1875 births|1943 deaths|People from the Province of Silesia|People from Oława|German Roman Catholic priests|19th-century Roman Catholic priests|20th-century Roman Catholic priests|Centre Party (Germany) politicians|German civilians killed in World War II|Roman Catholics in the German Resistance|Martyred Roman Catholic priests|Resistance members who died in Nazi concentration camps|German people who died in Dachau concentration camp|Burials at St. Hedwig's Cathedral|20th-century Roman Catholic martyrs|20th-century venerated Christians|German beatified people|Beatifications by Pope John Paul II|Catholic Righteous Among the Nations|German Righteous Among the Nations|Catholic saints and blesseds of the Nazi era |
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