| 词条 | Bouaké | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name =Bouaké |official_name = |other_name =Bwake |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type =City, sub-prefecture, and commune |total_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Cibkechu.JPG |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = University hospital complex of Bouaké |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map =Ivory Coast |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption =Location within Ivory Coast |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{Flag|Ivory Coast}} |subdivision_type1 = District |subdivision_name1 = Vallée du Bandama |subdivision_type2 = Region |subdivision_name2 = Gbêkê |subdivision_type3 =Department |subdivision_name3 =Bouaké |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_party = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1899 |established_title1 = |established_date1 = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |founder = |named_for = |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 71.788 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 312 |elevation_ft = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_min_m = |elevation_min_ft = |population_as_of =2014 |population_footnotes =[1] |population_note = |population_total =536189 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro =680694 |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = GMT |utc_offset = +0 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = | coor_type = |coordinates = {{coord|7|41|N|5|1|W|region:CI|display=inline}} |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |twin1 = |twin1_country = |twin2 = |twin2_country = |twin3 = |twin3_country = |twin4 = |twin4_country = |twin5 = |twin5_country = |twin6 = |twin6_country = |twin7 = |twin7_country = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |blank2_name = |blank2_info = |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |blank5_name = |blank5_info = |blank6_name = |blank6_info = |website = {{URL|http://mairiebke.e-monsite.com/}} |footnotes = }} Bouaké (or Bwake) is the second-largest city in Ivory Coast, with a population of 536,189 (2014 census). It is the seat of three levels of subdivision—Vallée du Bandama District, Gbêkê Region, and Bouaké Department. The city is located in the central part of Ivory Coast about {{convert|50|km}} northeast of Lake Kossou, the country's largest lake. It is approximately {{convert|350|km}} north of Abidjan on the Abidjan-Niger Railway and about {{convert|100|km}} northeast of Yamoussoukro, the capital of the country. Bouaké is a centre for the Baoulé people and is known for its crafts. The economy is based on the cotton industry. The city largely grew from the 1970s after the construction of the power station at Kossou Lake flooded land to the west of the city. Bouaké is known for its large carnival and market and for the St Michael's Cathedral. The city has a large airport located north-west of the city with a {{convert|3300|m}} runway. Celtic FC defender Kolo Touré and his brothers, Yaya Touré and Ibrahim Touré, were born in Bouaké. Demographics
HistoryBouaké was established as a French military post in 1899 and has been an administrative center since 1914. French and United Nations peacekeepers currently reside in the city as part of an enforced ceasefire between the rebel-held north and the government-held south. After the attempt to overthrow the president Laurent Gbagbo had failed, the rebel forces FN (forces nouvelles) led by Guillaume Soro made Bouaké their center of control. Subsequently, Bouaké University, opened in 1996, was closed down in September 2002. Financed by Unesco, the university reopened in April, 2005. On 4 November 2004, governmental forces used Sukhoi-25s to raid the city as an opening movement towards "territorial liberation," according to Captain Jean-Noël Abbey of the Côte d'Ivoire army. Korhogo, {{convert|225|km|0|abbr=off}} north of Bouaké, was also targeted. ClimateKöppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies Bouaké's climate as tropical wet and dry (Aw).[2] The city features a lengthy wet season spanning the months of March through October, and a shorter harmattan-influenced dry season that covers the remaining 4 months. Despite the lengthy wet season, Bouaké does not see the level of rainfall experienced in Abidjan. Bouaké on average sees roughly {{convert|1100|mm}} of precipitation annually. {{Weather box|metric first=yes |single line=yes |location=Bouaké |temperature colour=pastel |Jan high C = 33.0 |Feb high C = 33.5 |Mar high C = 33.8 |Apr high C = 32.7 |May high C = 31.0 |Jun high C = 29.9 |Jul high C = 27.8 |Aug high C = 27.7 |Sep high C = 28.5 |Oct high C = 30.1 |Nov high C = 31.3 |Dec high C = 31.7 |year high C = 30.9 |Jan mean C = 26.6 |Feb mean C = 27.8 |Mar mean C = 27.8 |Apr mean C = 27.0 |May mean C = 26.1 |Jun mean C = 25.0 |Jul mean C = 24.1 |Aug mean C = 23.8 |Sep mean C = 24.3 |Oct mean C = 25.0 |Nov mean C = 25.7 |Dec mean C = 25.7 |year mean C = 25.7 |Jan low C = 20.6 |Feb low C = 21.8 |Mar low C = 22.3 |Apr low C = 22.0 |May low C = 21.7 |Jun low C = 21.2 |Jul low C = 20.8 |Aug low C = 20.9 |Sep low C = 21.1 |Oct low C = 21.3 |Nov low C = 21.3 |Dec low C = 20.3 |year low C = 21.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 12.5 |Feb precipitation mm = 40.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 83.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 126.4 |May precipitation mm = 123.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 147.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 117.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 128.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 168.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 107.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 30.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 14.6 |year precipitation mm = 1099.9 |Jan sun = 226.5 |Feb sun = 206.6 |Mar sun = 201.4 |Apr sun = 194.2 |May sun = 202.3 |Jun sun = 129.7 |Jul sun = 97.7 |Aug sun = 90.6 |Sep sun = 122.8 |Oct sun = 174.0 |Nov sun = 184.7 |Dec sun = 188.0 |year sun = 2018.5 |source 1 = NOAA[3] |source 2= Climate Charts (latitude: 07°44'N; longitude: 005°04'W; elevation: 376m)[4] }} EconomyTobacco products, building materials, and textiles are produced, and cotton sisal and rice are processed. Gold, mercury, and manganese are found nearby. The overall economy was shaken during the near decade long rebel rule that started in 2002. Many companies either shut down or relocated to Abidjan, Ivory Coast’s coastal economic hub. These events resulted in the 60% reduction in formal employment. For example, the city’s biggest textile mill, the Gonfreville Establishment, saw an employment decrease of 1200 workers, an 80% reduction. Economic recovery was slow until the early 2010s. After the State took back control of Bouake after the 2010-2011 election, the economy moved into a state of reconstruction. Roads were repaved after years of neglect, which allowed the transportation of goods to become an easier task. Cash crops such as cotton and cashews started to be transported in higher quantities to be processed in Bouake. Singapore-based Olam opened a cashew processing plant in Bouake in 2012, which accounts for nearly 2400 jobs. The agribusiness as a whole is beginning to turn to its original state before the rebel conflict. Additionally, banks have opened new branches and supermarkets have returned to normal operation. The government is stimulating this regrowth through policies, such as price floors, and projects to increase trade, including the construction of a highway to connect Bouake to the nation’s capital, Yamoussoukro. Education
Administration
SubdivisionsThe city itself is a sub-prefectures of Bouaké Department; the surrounding suburbs that are outside of the city limits are also organised into a sub-prefecture known as "Bouaké-SP". Bouaké is also a commune. ReligionThe city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bouaké. The cathedral of the archdiocese is the Cathédrale Sainte Thérèse in Bouaké. Since 1960, Bouaké has also been home to a Benedictine monastery, Monastère Bénédictin Sainte-Marie. However, the city is predominantly Muslim. Sport
Brothers Kolo Touré, now an assistant for Celtic F.C., and Yaya Toure, former midfielder for Manchester City, were born in Bouaké. International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Africa#Ivory Coast|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Ivory Coast}}Twin towns — Sister citiesBouaké is twinned with:[5]
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Côte d'Ivoire |url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/coteivoire_ext.aspx |website=geohive.com |accessdate=5 December 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124030037/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/coteivoire_ext.aspx |archivedate=24 November 2015 |df= }} 2. ^{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/514/ |title=Climate: Bouaké - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |accessdate=30 November 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/IV/65555.TXT| title = Bouaké–Aero Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = 21 December 2015}} 4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/i/IV65555.php |title=Bouake - Aero, Ivory Coast: Climate, Global Warming, and Daylight Charts and Data |publisher=Climate Charts |accessdate=30 November 2013}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://mairiebke.e-monsite.com/pages/jumelage/villes-amies.html|title=Villes amies de Bouaké|trans-title=Twin towns with Bouaké|publisher=mairiebke.e-monsite.com|language=French|accessdate=20 August 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ana.gov.ro/rom/20.10.2006/LISTA%20MUNICIPIILOR%20INFRATITE%20DIN%20ROMANIA.doc |title=Lista municipiilor înfrățite din România |language=Romanian |trans-title=List of municipality twinnings in Romania |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813164955/http://www.ana.gov.ro/rom/20.10.2006/LISTA%20MUNICIPIILOR%20INFRATITE%20DIN%20ROMANIA.doc |archivedate=13 August 2011 |df=dmy }} External links
8 : Populated places in Vallée du Bandama District|Bouaké|Sub-prefectures of Gbêkê|District capitals of Ivory Coast|Communes of Gbêkê|Populated places in Gbêkê|Regional capitals of Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast geography articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
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