| 词条 | Byland Abbey |
| 释义 |
|name= Byland Abbey |image= BylandAbbey-7Je11-24105.jpg |order= Savigniac, Cistercian 1148 |founder= |established=1155 |mother= |disestablished= 1538 |diocese= Diocese of York |churches= |people= Abbot Roger, Roger de Mowbray |location= Byland, Coxwold, North Yorkshire, England | coordinates = {{coord|54.2031|-1.1592|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | map_type= North Yorkshire |remains= substantial |public_access= yes }} Byland Abbey is a ruined abbey and a small village in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England, in the North York Moors National Park. HistoryIt was founded as a Savigniac abbey in January 1135 and was absorbed by the Cistercian order in 1147.[1] It was not an easy start for the community who had had to move five times before settling at New Byland, near Coxwold in 1177.[2] Its early history was marked by disputes with no fewer than four other religious establishments: (Furness Abbey, Calder Abbey, Rievaulx Abbey and Newburgh Priory).[3] However, once it had overcome this bad start, it was described in the late 14th century as "one of the three shining lights of the north".[1] Its financial success was not as great as that of places like Rievaulx, but it was famed for its sheep rearing and wool exports. Its church was said to be among the finest 12th-century churches in Europe.[4] In October 1322, King Edward II was at Byland Abbey when the Battle of Old Byland took place. The marauding Scots caught Edward so unaware, that he fled to York leaving many precious items behind.[5][3][6][7] In the late 12th century the abbey had a complement of 36 monks and 100 lay brothers, but by the time of the dissolution in November 1538, the abbey was host only to 25 monks and an abbot.[8] In 1539, its site was granted to Sir William Pickering.[9] The site is now maintained by English Heritage[10] and is scheduled as an ancient monument by Historic England with grade I listed status.[11][12] In October 2017, the west frontage of the church, including the famed Rose Window, underwent extensive conservation work to repair water damage and to repoint the stone walls.[13] DescriptionImpressive remains can still be seen, in the care of English Heritage, including the lower half of a huge rose window which was the inspiration for the same window at York Minster.[14][15] An interesting feature is the preservation of some of the brightly coloured medieval floor tiles. An altar table was also recovered, although that is now in Ampleforth, and a stone lectern base from the chapter house is the only example of its kind in Britain.[16] Burials
GallerySee also
Notes1. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Behrens|first1=David|title=Medieval mixture replaces 20th century concrete as restorers seize ‘chance of a lifetime’ to preserve Byland Abbey|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/our-yorkshire/heritage/medieval-mixture-replaces-20th-century-concrete-as-restorers-seize-chance-of-a-lifetime-to-preserve-byland-abbey-1-8799714|accessdate=27 November 2017|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=11 October 2017}} 2. ^{{cite news|last1=Beadle|first1=Brian|title=A cycle ride to Byland Abbey and Rievaulx|url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/lifestyle/cycling/5073321.A_cycle_ride_to_Byland_Abbey_and_Rievaulx/|accessdate=27 November 2017|work=York Press|date=19 March 2010}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Houses of Cistercian monks: Byland {{!}} British History Online|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/vol3/pp131-134|website=www.british-history.ac.uk|accessdate=27 November 2017}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Ratcliffe|first1=Roger|title=Great Yorkshire Walks : Discover the moors|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/analysis/great-yorkshire-walks-discover-the-moors-1-2594780|accessdate=27 November 2017|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=21 September 2010}} 5. ^Some sources say that Edward was at Rievaulx Abbey. 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Clark|first1=David|title=Battlefield walks in Yorkshire|date=2002|publisher=Sigma Leisure|location=Wilmslow|isbn=1-85058-775-2|pages=32–34}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Trout|first1=Thomas Frederick|title=The history of England from the accession of Henry III. to the death of Edward III., 1216-1377|date=1905|publisher=Longmans Green|location=London|page=289|chapter=XIV: The Fall of Edward II. and the Rule of Isabella and Mortimer|oclc=63450678}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Byland Abbey, North Yorkshire {{!}} Educational Images {{!}} Historic England|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/services-skills/education/educational-images/byland-abbey-3455|website=historicengland.org.uk|accessdate=27 November 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=History of Byland Abbey, in Ryedale and North Riding {{!}} Map and description|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/11918|website=www.visionofbritain.org.uk|accessdate=27 November 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Byland Abbey {{!}} English Heritage|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/byland-abbey/|website=www.english-heritage.org.uk|accessdate=27 November 2017}} 11. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1013403|desc=Byland Abbey Cistercian monastery: monastic precinct, water-management earthworks, enclosures, ancillary buildings and quarries|grade=|accessdate=27 November 2017}} 12. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1315790|desc=Byland Abbey |grade=I|accessdate=27 November 2017}} 13. ^{{cite news|last1=Darley|first1=Karen|title=Work under way to restore abbey|url=http://www.gazetteherald.co.uk/news/15595703.Work_under_way_to_restore_abbey/|accessdate=27 November 2017|work=Gazette & Herald|date=18 October 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Byland Abbey|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080110113023/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.17035|website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk|accessdate=27 November 2017}} 15. ^{{cite news|last1=Campbell|first1=Sophie|title=Monkish austerity was so 12th century|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/735823/Monkish-austerity-was-so-12th-century.html|accessdate=27 November 2017|work=The Telegraph|date=14 July 2006}} 16. ^http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/byland/history/ References{{reflist}}External links
10 : 1135 establishments in England|Religious organizations established in the 1130s|1539 disestablishments in England|Cistercian monasteries in England|English Heritage sites in North Yorkshire|Ruins in North Yorkshire|Monasteries in North Yorkshire|Churches in North Yorkshire|Christian monasteries established in the 12th century|Monasteries dissolved under the English Reformation |
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