| 词条 | Carter Harrison Jr. |
| 释义 |
|name = Carter Henry Harrison IV |image = Carter Henry Harrison cph.3c23214.jpg |birth_date = {{birth date|1860|4|23|mf=y}} |birth_place = Chicago, Illinois |death_date = {{death date and age|1953|12|25|1860|4|23|mf=y}} |death_place = Chicago, Illinois |order = 37th & 40th[1] |office = Mayor of Chicago |term_start = 1911 |term_end = 1915 |predecessor = Fred A. Busse |successor = William Hale Thompson |term_start2 = 1897 |term_end2 = 1905 |predecessor2 = George Bell Swift |successor2 = Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne |party = Democratic |spouse = Edith Ogden |children = Carter Harrison V Edith Ogden Harrison II }} Carter Henry Harrison IV (April 23, 1860 – December 25, 1953) was an American politician who served as the 35th and 38th mayor of Chicago (1897–1905 and 1911–1915).[2] He was the first native Chicagoan to serve as the city's mayor. BiographyHarrison was born on April 23, 1860 in Chicago. Like his father, Carter Harrison Sr., Harrison gained election to five terms as Chicago's mayor. Educated in Saxe-Altenburg, Germany, Harrison returned to Chicago to help his brother run the Chicago Times, which their father bought in 1891. Under the Harrisons the paper became a resolute supporter of the Democratic Party, and was the only local newspaper to support the Pullman strikers in the mid-1890s. As with his father, Harrison did not believe in trying to legislate morality. As mayor, Harrison believed that Chicagoans' two major desires were to make money and to spend it. During his administrations, Chicago's vice districts blossomed, and special maps were printed to enable tourists to find their way from brothel to brothel. The name of one Chicago saloon-keeper of the time supposedly entered the English language as a term for a strong or laced drink intended to render unconsciousness: Mickey Finn. However, Harrison was seen as more of a reformer than his father, which helped him garner the middle class votes his father had lacked. One of Harrison's biggest enemies was Charles Yerkes, whose plans to monopolize Chicago's streetcar lines were vigorously attacked by the mayor. This was the beginning of the Chicago Traction Wars, which would become a major focus of his administration. During his final term in office, Harrison established the Chicago Vice Commission and worked to close down the Levee district, starting with the Everleigh Club brothel on October 24, 1911.[3] In spite of prolonged and very damaging international press coverage attaching responsibility to him for the 602 lives lost in the Iroquois Theatre fire on December 30, 1903,[4] Harrison was a hopeful for the 1904 Democratic nomination for President of the United States, but was unable to negotiate his way through a tangle of conflicting loyalties to different party bosses; the nomination went to Alton B. Parker, who was soundly defeated by Theodore Roosevelt. In 1914, Harrison convinced the city council to establish a Commission for the Encouragement of Local Art to purchase works of art by Chicago artists.[5] Harrison personally purchased artwork from painters such as Victor Higgins and Walter Ufer.[6] In 1915, when Harrison left office, Chicago had essentially reached its modern size in land area, and had a population of 2,400,000; the city was moving inexorably into its status as a major modern metropolis. He and his father had collectively been mayor of the city for 21 of the previous 36 years. Harrison died on December 25, 1953 in Chicago, and is buried in Graceland Cemetery.[7] LegacyHarrison wrote his autobiography, not once but twice; his wife, Edith Ogden Harrison, was a well-known writer of children's books and fairy tales in the first two decades of the 20th century. He was a member of many organizations including the Freemasons, Knights Templar, Society of the Cincinnati, Sons of the Revolution, Sons of the American Revolution, Society of Colonial Wars, Veterans of Foreign Wars, American Legion, and the Military Order of the World Wars. AncestryHarrison was a descendant of Robert Carter I, Benjamin Harrison IV, William Randolph, and Isham Randolph of Dungeness.[8][9] See also
References{{Commons category}}1. ^{{cite web |title=Chicago Mayors |url=https://www.chipublib.org/chicago-mayors/ |website=Chicago Public Library |accessdate=24 March 2019}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Inventory of the Carter H. Harrison IV Papers, 1637-1953, Bulk 1840-1950|url=https://mms.newberry.org/xml/xml_files/Harrison.xml|website=Newberry|accessdate=1 September 2017}} 3. ^{{cite news |title=Starts Vice War; Mayor in Fight to Clean Up City |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |pages=1 |publisher=Chicago Tribune |date=1911-10-25}} 4. ^Tinder Box: The iroquois Theatre Disaster 1903", Anthony P. Hatch, Academy Chicago Publishers; 2003 5. ^{{cite journal |title=Chicago Art Commission |journal=Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago |date=1915 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=6–7 |jstor=4102687 }} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Dean |title=Victor Higgins : An American Master |date=1991 |publisher=Peregrine Smith Books |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |isbn=978-0879053628 |pages=40–41}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-carter-henry-harrison-iv-biography/|title=Mayor Carter Henry Harrison IV Biography |author= |date= |website=Chicago Public Library |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=September 9, 2017 |quote=}} 8. ^{{cite book |last1=Abbot |first1=Willis John |authorlink1=Willis John Abbot |authorlink2= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title=Carter Henry Harrison: A Memoir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kC2kX7QZ9LgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= |format= |edition= |series= |volume= |year=1895 |month= |publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company |location=New York |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |pages=1–23|chapter=The Harrison Family |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=kC2kX7QZ9LgC&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false |ref= |bibcode= }} 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Page |first1=Richard Channing Moore |authorlink1= |authorlink2= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title=Genealogy of the Page Family in Virginia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cOBBAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= |format= |edition=2 |series= |volume= |year=1893 |month= |publisher=Press of the Publishers Printing Co. |location=New York |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |pages=249–272|chapter=Randolph Family |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=cOBBAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA247#v=onepage&q&f=false |ref= |bibcode= }} External links
10 : 1860 births|1953 deaths|American people of English descent|Burials at Graceland Cemetery (Chicago)|Carter family of Virginia|Harrison family of Virginia|Mayors of Chicago|Randolph family of Virginia|Illinois Democrats|American patrons of the arts |
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