“60th Street Tunnel Connection”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The 60th Street Tunnel Connection^[1]^[2] or 11th Street Cut^[3] is a short rapid transit line of the New York City Subway connecting the BMT 60th Street Tunnel under the East River (which connects to the BMT Broadway Line) with the IND Queens Boulevard Line west of Queens Plaza in Long Island City, Queens, New York City, United States. The 11th Street Connection name comes from the street above the split from the 60th Street Tunnel. The line does not have any stations, and carries {{NYCS 60th Connection}} trains at all times but late nights.

The connection opened on December 1, 1955,^[4] and permitted BMT trains from Brooklyn to use the IND Queens Boulevard Line; the first service to do so was the Brighton Beach Local via Tunnel (1, now Q).^[5] This connection allowed for an increase of 20 trains per hour on Queens Boulevard.^[6] Unlike the later Chrystie Street Connection, this was of the nature of a trackage rights operation, without the mixing of BMT and IND equipment or crews, as opposed to a true operating integration.

Service history

The first service to use the connection was the daytime 1 local via Montague Street Tunnel, which became the QT in the early 1960s. The QT was rerouted to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard on January 1, 1961, and the RR was sent through the connection during daytime hours. The EE was created on November 26, 1967, when the Chrystie Street Connection opened and the RR moved back to Astoria. On August 27, 1976, the N was extended through the connection, absorbing the EE; this change sent late night and weekend trains through the tunnel for the first time. The N and R were swapped in Queens on May 24, 1987, taking the R through the connection in a move that reassigned a former BMT route (the R) to the IND's Jamaica Yard (it had heretofore used the Coney Island Yard).^[7] Late night service was later truncated to 36th Street in Brooklyn,^[8] then later extended to Whitehall Street in Manhattan.^[9] The connection is not being used during late nights {{as of|November 2016|lc=y}}.^[10]

Routing

References

1. ^New York City Transit Authority, Rapid Transit Construction Program, Map, File No. 72, Dwg. No. 699, dated June 14, 1954
2. ^{{cite news |title=Tunnel in Queens to Speed Transit |first=Charles G. |last=Bennett |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/10/13/archives/tunnel-in-queens-to-speed-transit-long-island-city-link-for-the-bmt.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 13, 1952 |page=23 |accessdate=February 13, 2010}}
3. ^Gene Sansone, New York Subways: An Illustrated History of New York City's Transit Cars, {{ISBN|0-8018-6886-6}}, pp. 184 and 292
4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fg4KAQAAMAAJ&dq=brighton+line+brooklyn&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=1977|title=A History of the New York City Subway System|last=Cunningham|first=Joseph|last2=DeHart|first2=Leonard O.|date=1993-01-01|publisher=J. Schmidt, R. Giglio, and K. Lang|language=en}}
5. ^{{cite news |title=Straphangers Sit As Tunnel Opens |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0613FB345E1A7493C0A91789D95F418585F9 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 2, 1955 |page=29 |accessdate=February 13, 2010}}
6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTMxAAAAMAAJ&dq=editions:UOM39015057040977&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Queens+Line%22|title=Proceedings|last=|first=|date=1948|publisher=New York (N Y. ) Board of Transportation|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=1198|language=en}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.subwaynut.com/brochures/nrswitch/index.html|title=Announcing Service Changes on the N and R Routes Advertising Supplement to The New York Times, The New York Daily News, and Newsday, © 1987 New York City Transit Authority|author=New York City Transit Authority|work=Subway Nut}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.subwaynut.com/brochures/1990servicechanges.pdf|title=Service Changes September 30, 1990|last=|first=|date=September 30, 1990|website=subwaynut.com|publisher=New York City Transit Authority|access-date=May 1, 2016}}
9. ^*{{Cite web|url=https://progressiveaction.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/sub-division-b-general-distribution-fall-2016-wp-book.pdf|title=SUB-DIVISION B TRAIN OPERATOR/CONDUCTOR ROAD & NON-ROAD WORK PROGRAMS IN EFFECT: NOVEMBER 6, 2016|last=|first=|date=July 29, 2016|website=progressiveaction.info|publisher=New York City Transit|access-date=August 19, 2016}}*{{Cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/160620_1000_Transit&BUS.pdf |title=Transit & Bus Committee Meeting June 2016 |last= |first= |date=June 17, 2016 |website=www.mta.info |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |access-date=June 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807195510/http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/160620_1000_Transit%26BUS.pdf |archive-date=2016-08-07 |dead-url=yes |df= }}*{{Cite web|url=http://pix11.com/2016/10/23/mta-flyers-spotted-for-w-trains-return-in-november/|title=MTA flyers spotted for W train’s return in November|last=Lam|first=Katherine|date=October 23, 2016|website=|publisher=PIX11|access-date=October 24, 2016}}*{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/service/nqrw/|title=New NQRW Service|last=|first=|date=October 2016|website=mta.info|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|accessdate=October 26, 2016}}
10. ^{{NYCS const|serviceguide}}