| 词条 | Claudia Severa |
| 释义 |
The first part of the letter was written in formal style in a professional hand evidently by a scribe; the last four lines are added in a different handwriting, thought to be Claudia's own. The translation is as follows: Claudia Severa to her Lepidina greetings. On 11 September, sister, for the day of the celebration of my birthday, I give you a warm invitation to make sure that you come to us, to make the day more enjoyable for me by your arrival, if you are present. Give my greetings to your Cerialis. My Aelius and my little son send him their greetings. (2nd hand) I shall expect you, sister. Farewell, sister, my dearest soul, as I hope to prosper, and hail. (Back, 1st hand) To Sulpicia Lepidina, (wife) of Cerialis, from Cl. Severa." [4] The Latin reads as follows: Cl. Severá Lepidinae [suae] [sa]l[u]tem [diem] interventú tuo facturá si sperabo te soror The Vindolanda Tablets also contain a fragment from another letter in Claudia's hand. These two letters are thought to be the oldest extant writing by a woman in Latin found in Britain, or perhaps anywhere.[5] The letters show that correspondence between the two women was frequent and routine, and that they were in the habit of visiting one another, although it is not known at which fort Severa lived.[6] There are several aspects of Severa's letters that should be regarded as literary, even though they were not written for a wide readership.[7] In particular, they share several thematic and stylistic features with other surviving writings in Latin by women from Greek and Roman antiquity.[7] Although Severa's name reveals that she is unlikely to be related to Sulpicia Lepidina, she refers frequently to Lepidina as her sister, and uses the word iucundus to evoke a strong and sensual sense of the pleasure Lepidina's presence would bring, creating a sense of affection through her choice of language.[7] In the post-script written in her own hand, she appears to draw on another Latin, literary model, from the fourth book of the Aeneid, in which at 4.8 Vergil characterises Anna as Dido's unanimam sororem, "sister sharing a soul", and at 4.31, she is "cherished more than life" (luce magis dilecta sorori).[7] Although this is not proof that Severa and Lepidina were familiar with Virgil's writing, another letter in the archive, written between two men, directly quotes a line from the Aeneid, suggesting that the sentiments and languages Sulpicia do indeed draw on a Virgilian influence.[8][7] The Latin word that was chosen to describe the birthday festivities, sollemnis, is also noteworthy, as it means "ceremonial, solemn, performed in accordance with the forms of religion", and suggests that Severa has invited Lepidina to what was an important annual religious occasion.[9][7] Display of letterThe invitation was acquired in 1986 by the British Museum, where it holds registration number 1986,1001.64.[5] The museum has a selection of the Vindolanda Tablets on display, and loans some to the museum at Vindolanda. References1. ^A. R. Birley, ‘Roman officers and their wives at Vindolanda (act. AD 97–105)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, May 2008; online edn, May 2010 accessed 8 Aug 2017 2. ^Alan Bowman and David Thomas, Vindolanda: the Latin writing tablets, London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 1983, pp. 256 3. ^{{cite news |title = Hadrian's soldiers writing home |last = Mount, Harry |first = |date = 21 July 2008 |accessdate=23 February 2011 |newspaper = The Daily Telegraph (www.telegraph.co.uk) |url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3560809/Hadrians-soldiers-writing-home.html |quote = The real prize of the Vindolanda tablets, though, are the earliest surviving letters in a woman's hand written in this country. In one letter, Claudia Severa wrote to her sister, Sulpicia Lepidina, the wife of a Vindolanda bigwig - Flavius Cerialis, prefect of the Ninth Cohort of Batavians: 'Oh how much I want you at my birthday party. You'll make the day so much more fun. I do so hope you can make it. Goodbye, sister, my dearest soul.'}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk/4DLink2/4DACTION/WebRequestQuery?searchTerm=291&searchType=number&searchField=TVII|title=Vindolanda Tablet 291 Leaf No. 1 (front)|website=vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk|access-date=2017-07-10}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=1362732&partid=1&searchText=Claudia+Severa&numpages=10&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx¤tPage=1 |title=Search object details: Wood writing tablet with a party invitation written in ink, in two hands, from Claudia Severa to Lepidina. |publisher=British Museum |date=24 January 2011 |accessdate=8 February 2011}} 6. ^{{Cite book|title=Life and Letters on the Roman Frontier|last=Bowman|first=Alan|publisher=British Museum Press|year=2003|isbn=|location=|pages=}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite book|title=Women writing Latin|last=Judith Hallett|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|isbn=|location=London|pages=|chapter=The Vindolanda letters from Claudia Severa}} 8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Bowman|first=Alan K.|last2=Thomas|first2=J. David|date=1987|title=New Texts from Vindolanda|journal=Britannia|volume=18|pages=125–142|doi=10.2307/526441|jstor=526441}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://latin-dictionary.net/definition/35298/sollemnis-sollemne-sollemnior|title=Latin Definition for: sollemnis, sollemne, sollemnior (ID: 35298) - Latin Dictionary and Grammar Resources - Latdict|last=Mahoney|first=Kevin D.|website=latin-dictionary.net|language=en|access-date=2018-11-23}} External links
13 : 1st-century births|1st-century Roman women|2nd-century Roman women|1st-century women writers|1st-century writers|2nd-century women writers|2nd-century writers|Ancient Romans in Britain|Hadrian's Wall|Latin letter writers|Date of death unknown|Year of birth unknown|Claudii |
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