| 词条 | Kilauea Light |
| 释义 |
| name = Kilauea Light | image_name = File:Kilauea Lighthouse (circa 2006).jpg | image_width = | caption = Kīlauea Lighthouse, 2008 | location = Kalihiwai Kauai County Hawaii | pushpin_map = Hawaii | relief = 1 | pushpin_map_caption = Hawaii | pushpin = lighthouse | coordinates = {{coord|22|13|53.8|N|159|24|7.2|W|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | yearbuilt = 1913 | yearlit = | automated = mid-1970s | yeardeactivated = 1976-2013 | foundation = | construction = reinforced concrete tower | shape = cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern | marking = white tower, red lantern roof | height = {{convert|52|ft|m}} | focalheight = {{convert|174|ft|m}} | lens = Second Order Fresnel, clamshell or "bivalve" shape | currentlens = | lightsource = | intensity = | range = {{convert|9|nmi}} | characteristic = Fl W 10s. | fogsignal = | racon = | admiralty = G7500 | canada = | NGA = | ARLHS = HAW-004 | USCG = 6-29737 | country = | countrynumber = | countrylink = | managingagent = Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge[1][2] | heritage = | module ={{Infobox NRHP|embed=yes | name = Daniel K. Inouye Kilauea Point Lighthouse | nrhp_type = | built = {{Start date|1913}} | builder = United States Lighthouse Board | architecture = Bungalow/American craftsman | added = October 18, 1979 | area = {{convert|31.4|acre}} | mpsub = Light Stations of the United States MPS | refnum = 79000759[3] }} }} Kīlauea Lighthouse is located on Kīlauea Point on the island of Kaua{{okina}}i, Hawai{{okina}}i in the Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge. HistoryKīlauea Point, a narrow, lava peninsula protruding from the northern shore of Kaua{{okina}}i,[4] was purchased from the Kīlauea Sugar Plantation Company in 1909 for one US dollar.[5] Before construction could begin, a method for delivering supplies to the point had to be developed. Due to the lack of good roads from the Nawiliwili harbor, the decision was made to bring the materials in by sea. The lighthouse tender Kukui would anchor offshore and then dispatch small boats with supplies to a cove near the point. Since there was no beach landing, the boats would anchor to cleats cemented into the lava rocks at the point. A boom derrick, constructed on a ledge above the water, would pluck the supplies from the boats and place them on a loading platform {{convert|110|ft|m}} above the water.[6] Finally, after almost four years of planning, construction began in July 1912 and the light was dedicated on May 1, 1913. The tower was built in a Classical Revival architecture style out of reinforced concrete. The tower is a slightly tapering cylinder about {{convert |52 |ft }} high. The upper portion has a steel circular walkway with handrail. The lens one of only seven second-order Fresnel lenses remaining in a lighthouse in the US. Barbier, Bernard, and Turenne manufactured the lens in Paris, France. The {{convert |9000 |lb |sing=on}} lens floated on mercury and compressed air. The lens was rotated by a system of pulleys powered by weights that needed to be reset by an operator every 3.5 hours. An oil storage house was built {{convert |155 |ft}} southeast of the light, and a small engine house in a small cove below the point. About {{convert |1000 |ft}} south is a residential area with three small stone houses. Each house and the lighthouse itself has a water storage tank.[6] The point is accessed from Route 56 (called Kuhio Highway), north of the town of Kīlauea.[6] On June 29, 1927, the United States Army Air Corps pilots of the airplane Bird of Paradise, Lester J. Maitland and Albert F. Hegenberger, were attempting the first transpacific flight from California to Hawaii. An hour before dawn, aware that they were slightly north of their planned course and with their directional radio receiver not functioning, they spotted the Kīlauea Lighthouse as planned to verify their position.[7][8][9] A radio beacon was added in 1930, and with the added generator the light was changed to be powered by electricity. Originally 250,000 candle power, the light reached 2,500,000 candle power in 1958.[5] The station was manned until 1974 when it was automated. In February 1976 the light was moved to a nearby smaller tower and the tower was sealed. It was one of the last lights converted to automation by the United States Coast Guard in the Hawaiian Islands. The radio beacon was replaced in 1956, and then in the 1980s converted to a visitor center.[6] It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii in 1979. The historic district included {{convert |31|acre}}.[10] In 1985 the Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, starting with the original Coast Guard Station, and then expanding to preserve the surrounding habitat. A new visitor center was built in 1988. The buildings were damaged by Hurricane Iniki in September 1992, but repaired.[10] The visitors center is operated by the Kilauea Point Natural History Association. Starting in late 2008, the group raised funds for restoration of the lighthouse.[11] In popular cultureThe Kīlauea Lighthouse can be seen briefly in Disney's animated film Lilo & Stitch, and it plays a more important role in the sequel, Stitch! The Movie. In the film, the lighthouse serves as a rendezvous point where the protagonists are to trade Jumba Jookiba's first 624 experiments (the 625th experiment was taken by Gantu earlier) with the antagonist Dr. Jacques von Hämsterviel for Jumba himself. The lighthouse in the franchise was said in the movie to have shut down years ago due to the financial troubles of keeping it running. Towards the end of the film, however, Experiment 221—an electrical experiment that Lilo names "Sparky"— is given the lighthouse as a new home, and he uses his power to make the beacon shine again. See also{{stack|{{Portal|Hawaii|Lighthouses}}}}
References1. ^[https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/hi.htm Hawaii] The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 5 November 2016 2. ^Light List, Hawaii District 14 United States Coast Giuard. Retrieved 5 November 2016 3. ^{{NRISref|version=2013a}} 4. ^{{GNIS |361221 |Kīlauea Point}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=Kīlauea Point Lighthouse at Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i |publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |url=http://www.fws.gov/kilaueapoint/lighthouse.pdf |accessdate=November 22, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412231742/http://www.fws.gov/kilaueapoint/lighthouse.pdf |archivedate=April 12, 2012 |df= }} 6. ^{{GNIS |361214 |Kilauea}} 7. ^{{cite web |title= Fly By Stars When Radio Beam is Lost|work=Honolulu Advertiser, June 30, 1927|publisher= Hawaii Aviation |url= http://hawaii.gov/hawaiiaviation/hawaii-aviation-pioneers/lt-lester-maitland/fly-by-stars-when-radio-beam-is-lost|accessdate= August 3, 2011 }} 8. ^{{cite web | last =Murphy| first =William B.| authorlink = | year = 1977| url= http://hawaii.gov/hawaiiaviation/hawaii-aviation-pioneers/lt-lester-maitland/Bird%20of%20Paradise.pdf|title = Bird of Paradise| work =| publisher = 15th Air Base Wing Office of Information, USAF| accessdate= 2011-08-02}} 9. ^{{cite web | last =Horvat| first =William J| authorlink = | year =1966 | url= http://hawaii.gov/hawaiiaviation/hawaii-aviation-pioneers/lt-lester-maitland|title = Lt. Lester Maitland| work =Across the Pacific| publisher = Hawaii Aviation| accessdate= 2011-08-03}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title= Kilauea Point Lighthouse nomination form |author= Larry Miller |work= National Register of Historic Places |date= August 24, 1974 |publisher= U.S. National Park Service |url= {{NRHP url|id=79000759}} |accessdate= November 22, 2010 }} 11. ^{{cite web |title= Kilauea Point Natural History Association |work= official web site |url= http://www.kilaueapoint.org/ |accessdate= November 22, 2010 }} External links{{commons category|Kilauea Lighthouse}}
8 : Lighthouses completed in 1913|Towers completed in 1913|Lighthouses in Hawaii|Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Hawaii|Buildings and structures in Kauai County, Hawaii|Tourist attractions in Kauai County, Hawaii|1913 establishments in Hawaii|National Register of Historic Places in Kauai County, Hawaii |
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