“Afonso Pena”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Afonso Pena

释义

Gallery
References
External links

{{Portuguese name|Moreira|Pena}}{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}{{Infobox President
| honorific-prefix = His Excellency
| name = Afonso Pena
| image = Afonso_Pena.jpg
| order = 6th
| office = President of Brazil
| vicepresident = Nilo Peçanha
| term_start = 15 November 1906
| term_end = 14 June 1909
| predecessor = Rodrigues Alves
| successor = Nilo Peçanha
| order1 = 4th
| office1 = Vice President of Brazil
| term_start1 = 17 June 1903
| term_end1 = 14 November 1906
| president1 = Rodrigues Alves
| predecessor1 = Rosa e Silva
| successor1 = Nilo Peçanha
| office2 = President of the Bank of Brazil
| term_start2 = 19 October 1895
| term_end2 = 14 November 1898
| predecessor2 = Francisco Rangel Pestana
| successor2 = Luís Martins do Amaral
| office3 = 4th President of Minas Gerais
| term_start3 = 14 July 1892
| term_end3 = 7 September 1894
| predecessor3 = Gama Cerqueira
| successor3 = Bias Fortes{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Ministerial positions (Empire)}}
| office4 = Minister of Justice
| term_start4 = 6 May 1885
| term_end4 = 20 August 1885
| primeminister4 = José Antônio Saraiva
| predecessor4 = Sodré Pereira
| successor4 = Ribeiro da Luz
| office5 = Minister of Agriculture and Transport
| term_start5 = 24 May 1883
| term_end5 = 6 June 1884
| primeminister5 = Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira
| predecessor5 = Henrique d'Ávila
| successor5 = Carneiro da Rocha
| office6 = Minister of War
| term_start6 = 1 March 1884
| term_end6 = 22 March 1884
| primeminister6 = Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira
| predecessor6 = Antônio Joaquim
| successor6 = Filipe Franco de Sá
| term_start7 = 21 January 1882
| term_end7 = 3 July 1882
| primeminister7 = Martinho Álvares
| predecessor7 = Franklin Dória
| successor7 = Carlos Afonso
| office8 = Minister of the Navy
| term_start8 = 21 January 1882
| term_end8 = 28 January 1882
| primeminister8 = Martinho Álvares
| predecessor8 = Viscount of Lima Duarte
| successor8 = Bento de Paula Sousa{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
| alma_mater = University of São Paulo
| children = 12
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1847|11|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = Santa Bárbara, Minas Gerais, Empire of Brazil
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1909|6|14|1847|11|30|df=y}}
| death_place = Catete Palace, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| spouse = {{marriage|Maria Guilhermina de Oliveira|1875|1909}}; his death
| party = Conservative Party {{small|(1874–1889)}}
Mineiro Republican Party {{small|(1889–1909)}}
|signature=Assinatura do presidente Afonso Pena.jpg}}

Afonso Augusto Moreira Pena ({{IPA-pt|aˈfõsu awˈɡustu moˈrejrɐ ˈpenɐ|lang}}; 30 November 1847 – 14 June 1909) was a Brazilian politician who served as President of Brazil between 1906 and 1909. Before his political career, Pena had been an attorney, legal scholar and member of the Brazilian Supreme Court.^[1] He was the first President to die in office.

Pena began his political career in 1874 with an election to the Imperial General Assembly. In the succeeding years, Pena reconciled legislative work with some periods occupying secretariats—secretary of Agriculture (1882), Commerce and Public Issues (1883) and Justice (1885). Pena then presided over the provincial assembly of Minas Gerais.

After the proclamation of the Republic, he was governor of Minas Gerais between 1892 and 1894. It was during his administration that Belo Horizonte was set for the future state capital (which at that time was Ouro Preto). He ran in the presidential election of 1894, but lost by a large margin to Prudente de Morais.

In 1902 Pena became Vice President to Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves. He was elected president in 1906 and served until his death in 1909, a few days after the passing of his son Álvaro Pena.

Afonso Pena was the first Brazilian president to advocate intervening in the coffee economy. The federal government started to buy production surplus, thus maintaining the high price of coffee in international markets. Pena also promoted the expansion of railroads.

The reorganization of the Brazilian army was done by Hermes da Fonseca during the Pena administration. The president also supported Cândido Rondon's expeditions in the Amazon Rainforest.

Gallery

References

1. ^Afonso Pena - BrasilEscola {{pt icon}}

External links

{{Commons category|Afonso Pena}}{{S-start}}{{S-off}}{{Succession box | before=Eduardo Ernesto da Gama Cerqueira | title=Governor of Minas Gerais | after=Chrispim Jaques Bias Fortes | years=1892–1894}}{{S-bef| before = Francisco de Assis Rosa e Silva }}{{S-ttl| title = Vice President of Brazil
| years = 1903–1906 }}{{S-aft| rows = 2 | after = Nilo Peçanha }}{{S-bef| before = Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves }}{{S-ttl| title = President of Brazil
| years = 1906–1909 }}{{S-end}}{{Presidents of Brazil}}{{BrazilVPs}}{{MinasGeraisGovernors}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pena, Afonso Augusto Moreira}}

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