| 词条 | Georg von Vollmar |
| 释义 |
| image = Vollmar Georg von 2.jpg | caption = Detail of the grave of Georg von Vollmar in the Waldfriedhof in Munich. | birth_date = {{birth date|1850|3|7|df=yes}} | birth_place = Munich, German Confederation | death_date = {{death date and age|1922|6|30|1850|3|7|df=yes}} | death_place = Urfeld am Walchensee, country seat of Soiensaß, Upper Bavaria, Germany }} Georg Heinrich Ritter (Chevalier) von Vollmar auf Veldheim (March 7, 1850 – June 30, 1922) was a democratic socialist politician from Bavaria. BiographyVollmar was born in Munich, and educated in a school attached to a Benedictine monastery at Augsburg In 1865 entered the Bavarian army as a lieutenant in a cavalry regiment. He served in the campaign of 1866, and then entered the Papal Guard as a volunteer. In 1869 he returned to Germany, and during the Franco-Prussian War served in the army railway department. He was severely wounded at Blois and pensioned.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Permanently crippled by his wounds, Vollmar devoted himself to political and social studies. In 1872, he was converted to the principles of social democracy, and involved himself with great energy into political agitation. In 1877, he became editor of the party organ at Dresden, and under the Socialist Law was repeatedly condemned to various terms of imprisonment, and was also expelled from that city.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} From 1879 to 1882 Vollmar lived at Zurich, then the headquarters of social democracy, when, besides attending the University of Zurich, he took part in editing the Social Demokrat. In 1881 he was elected member of the Reichstag, serving until 1887, and then again from 1890 to 1918. From 1883 to 1889 was a member of the Saxon diet ({{lang-de|Sächsischer Landtag}}). After 1885 he resided in Bavaria, and it was to him that was chiefly due the great success of the socialists in the older Bavarian provinces.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Vollmar identified himself with the more moderate and opportunist section of the Socialist party, decisively dissociating himself from the doctrine of a sudden and violent overthrow of society, and urging his associates to co-operate in bringing about a gradual development towards the socialistic state. In an article 'On State Socialism' in Die Neue Zeit he argued for an alliance with bourgeois 'State Socialism' reformers, which was vigorously responded to by Karl Kautsky, the editor of that periodical.[1] He showed himself ready to make concessions to the principle of private ownership in the case of the small landowners, or peasants. He refused to identify social democracy with the extreme views as to religion and the family advocated by August Bebel, and successfully resisted attempts made in 1891 to expel him from the party in consequence of his opinions. He became a member of the Bavarian diet ({{lang-de|Bayerischer Landtag}}) in 1893.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Vollmar died at the country seat of Soiensaß in the settlement of Urfeld am Walchensee in 1922.[2] WorksIn addition to a couple of books on the preservation of forests, he wrote:
Notes1. ^Salvadori, M. (1990) Karl Kautsky and the Socialist Revolution 1880-1938 London: Verso pg.42 2. ^Rudolf Maerker and Peter Krause, [https://books.google.com/books?id=x-kEAAAAMAAJ&q= Sozialismus ist das Ziel: Dokumente u. Zeugnisse aus d. Geschichte d. Sozialdemokratie 1863-1933], Verlag Politisches Archiv, 1973, p. 239. 3. ^1 {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Vollmar, Georg Heinrich von |year=1905}} References
19 : 1850 births|1922 deaths|People from Munich|People from the Kingdom of Bavaria|Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians|Members of the 5th Reichstag of the German Empire|Members of the 6th Reichstag of the German Empire|Members of the 8th Reichstag of the German Empire|Members of the 9th Reichstag of the German Empire|Members of the 10th Reichstag of the German Empire|Members of the 11th Reichstag of the German Empire|Members of the 12th Reichstag of the German Empire|Members of the 13th Reichstag of the German Empire|Members of the Second Chamber of the Diet of the Kingdom of Saxony|Members of the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies|Politicians from Bavaria|Military personnel of Bavaria|People of the Austro-Prussian War|German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。