| 词条 | Isabel Briggs Myers |
| 释义 |
| name = Isabel Briggs Myers | image = File:Art-mb2-300x0.jpeg | image_size = 250px | alt = Isabel Briggs Myers, R, and Katharine Briggs, L | caption = Katharine Briggs and Isabel Briggs-Myers | birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1897|10|18}} | death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1980|5|5|1897|10|18}} | nationality = American | known_for = Myers-Briggs Type Indicator | alma_mater = Swarthmore College | notable works = Gifts Differing, | spouse = Clarence Myers | children = Peter Briggs Myers and Ann Myers Hughes | parents = Lyman James Briggs and Katharine Cook Briggs }} Isabel Briggs Myers (October 18, 1897 – May 5, 1980[1][2]) was an American author and co-creator of a personality inventory known as the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Briggs Myers created the MBTI with her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs. BackgroundIsabel Briggs Myers grew up in Washington D.C. where she was home-schooled by her mother, Katherine Cook Briggs. Her father, Lyman J. Briggs worked as a research physicist. Briggs Myers had little formal schooling up until she attended Swarthmore College, where she studied political science. During her time at Swarthmore College, she met Clarence "Chief" Myers who was studying law. The two married in 1918 and were together until Clarence's death in 1979. [3] MBTI personality indicator{{main|Myers-Briggs Type Indicator}}Briggs Myers implemented the ideas of Carl Jung and added her own insights. She then created a paper survey which would eventually become the MBTI. The test was to assess personality type and was fully developed after 20 years of research by Briggs Myers with her mother and thousands of others. In the 21st century, research into this instrument is still being put into action with dozens of articles written per year. The questionnaire is meant to help people realize their "best fit type", the personality type that will help them succeed most in life.[4] The three original pairs of preferences in Jung's typology are Extraversion and Introversion, Sensing and Intuition, and Thinking and Feeling. After studying them, Briggs Myers added a fourth pair, Judging and Perceiving.
InfluencesIn the July 1980 edition of MBTI News, Briggs Myers attributed another reason for creating the MBTI to her marriage to "Chief" Clarence Myers. Their differences in psychological type (she was an INFP and he was an ISTJ) inspired her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs, to keep studying differences among people and their actions. Cook Briggs came upon the work of Carl Gustav Jung and introduced it to her daughter who then started studying the psychological types. When World War II began, Briggs Myers wanted to help reduce conflict among people, and to help them people understand each other instead of harming and killing each other. She observed that some people also hated their jobs in the military and she wanted to understand their experience. In 1945, the dean of the George Washington School of Medicine allowed Briggs Myers and Cook Briggs to apply the MBTI to first-year undergraduates. This included about 5,500 students and Briggs Myers studied it for years by looking at patterns among dropouts and successful students.[9] Briggs Myers was also influenced by her father, Lyman J. Briggs. As the Director of the Bureau of Standards in Washington at the time of Briggs Myers was developing the MBTI, he was a devoted research physicist. Growing up in an environment that cultivated a passion for research allowed Briggs Myers to consider the prospect fun and exciting, which eventually led to her interest in personality and the creation of the type indicator.[10] FictionIn 1928, she responded to a magazine advertisement for a National Detective Murder Mystery Contest by writing a novel titled Murder Yet to Come. Her novel won the contest and was published serially in 1929.[11] It applies her ideas about personality type to a murder mystery.[12] The contest prize included a $7,500 cash award and a contract for a second work of fiction. Briggs Myers fulfilled her obligation by writing the novel Give Me Death, which revisits the same detectives from Murder Yet to Come. In it, a Southern family commits suicide one by one after learning they may have "Negro blood".[13][14] The novel was published in 1934 and received harsh treatment from critics.[11] ApplicationIn 1962, the Educational Testing Service published the MBTI for research-only purposes. In 1975, 1977 and 1979, three national MBTI conferences were held at the University of Florida, Michigan State University, and Philadelphia respectively. In 1975, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc. published the MBTI as a tool for helping people. In the 2000s, the MBTI is now taken by more than two million people per year and is translated into 16 languages.[9] LegacyCAPTIn 1975, Briggs Myers co-founded the Center for Application of Psychological Type with Mary McCaulley. CAPT is a non-profit organization which maintains research and application of the MBTI. It also exists to protect and promote Briggs Myers' ideology.[4] Its headquarters are in Gainesville, Florida and its motto is “Fostering human understanding through training, publishing, and research”.[9] Memorial research awardsThe Isabel Briggs Myers Memorial Research Awards exist to further MBTI and psychological research. These awards are given twice a year. They consist of $2,000 for up to two people. They are rewarded for advancements in understanding of these topics to focus on continuous research in the field.[15] Publications
Further readingSaunders, F. W. (1991), Katharine and Isabel: Mother's Light, Daughter's Journey, Davies-Black Publishing, U.S. {{ISBN|0-89106-049-9}} (biography of Briggs Myers and her mother) References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.petergeyer.com.au/library/Kroeger.pdf|title=The AJPT Interview: Otto Kroeger|date=2004-06-28|publisher=Peter Geyer}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.swarthmore.edu/bulletin/index.php?id=286|title=Global Citizens All: An Interview With Rebecca Chopp|publisher=Swarthmore College}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.capt.org/mbti-assessment/isabel-myers.htm|title=The Story of Isabel Briggs Myers - CAPT.org|website=www.capt.org|access-date=2018-02-24}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Isabel Briggs Myers and Her Mother, Katharine Cook Briggs|url=http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/isabel-briggs-myers.asp|work=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|publisher=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|accessdate=19 February 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Extraversion or Introversion|url=http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/extraversion-or-introversion.asp|work=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|publisher=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|accessdate=19 February 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Sensing or Intuition|url=http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/sensing-or-intuition.asp|work=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|publisher=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|accessdate=19 February 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Thinking or Feeling|url=http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/thinking-or-feeling.asp|work=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|publisher=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|accessdate=19 February 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Judging or Perceiving|url=http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/judging-or-perceiving.asp|work=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|publisher=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|accessdate=19 February 2012}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=The Story of Isabel Briggs Myers|url=http://www.capt.org/mbti-assessment/isabel-myers.htm|work=Center of Applications of Psychological Type|publisher=Center of Applications of Psychological Type, Inc.|accessdate=19 February 2012}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.capt.org/mbti-assessment/isabel-myers.htm?bhcp=1|title=The Story of Isabel Briggs Myers - CAPT.org|website=www.capt.org|access-date=2018-02-22}} 11. ^1 Diebel, Anne (December 20, 2018). "Simple Answers to Profound Questions". The New York Review of Books. 65 (20): 57–59. 12. ^{{cite web|title=Murder Yet to Come |url=http://www.capt.org/catalog/itmdtl.htm?WT.si_n=ShoppingCart&WT.si_x=1&WT.pn_sku=60059&WT.tx_e=v&WT.tx_u=1&pnum=60059&bhcp=1|publisher=CAPT, Inc.|accessdate=4 April 2012}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Murder Yet to Come |url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/give-me-death/oclc/7621206|publisher=Frederick A. Stokes Company, Inc.|accessdate=8 October 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://digg.com/2015/myers-briggs-secret-history |title=Uncovering The Secret History of Myers-Briggs |access-date=4 April 2012}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Memorial Research Awards|url=http://www.myersbriggs.org/myers-and-briggs-foundation/memorial-research-awards/|work=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|publisher=The Myers & Briggs Foundation|accessdate=19 February 2012}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Rev. of Gifts Differing: Understand Personality Type, by Isabel Briggs Myers|url=http://innovationwatch.com/gifts-differing-understanding-personality-type-by-isabel-briggs-myers-and-peter-b-myers-cpp-books/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116234221/http://innovationwatch.com/gifts-differing-understanding-personality-type-by-isabel-briggs-myers-and-peter-b-myers-cpp-books/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=16 November 2012|work=Innovation Watch|publisher=Innovation Watch|accessdate=19 February 2012}} External links
9 : 1897 births|1980 deaths|American mystery novelists|Swarthmore College alumni|Personality typologies|20th-century American novelists|20th-century American women writers|Women mystery writers|American women novelists |
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