| 词条 | John Cockerill (industrialist) |
| 释义 |
| name = John Cockerill | honorific_prefix = | honorific_suffix = | image = John Cockerill.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 3 August 1790 | birth_place = Haslingden, Lancs, England | death_date = {{d-da|9 June 1840|3 August 1790}} | death_place = Warsaw, Congress Poland | body_discovered = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | nationality = | ethnicity = | citizenship = British, later Belgian | known_for = | television = | education = | alma_mater = | employer = | organization = | notable_works = | style = | influences = | influenced = | agent = | occupation = Industrialist | years_active = | home_town = | height = | weight = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | religion = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relations = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | box_width = }} John Cockerill (3 August 1790 – 9 June 1840) was an English-born Belgian entrepreneur. Born at Haslingden, Lancashire, England, he was brought by his father William Cockerill to Belgium where he continued the family tradition of building wool processing machinery. He founded an ironworks and a mechanical engineering company John Cockerill & Cie. (English: John Cockerill & Company) BiographyAt the age of twelve John Cockerill was brought to Verviers, Belgium, by his father William Cockerill who was successful as a machine builder there. In 1807, aged 17, he and his brother Charles James took over the management of a factory in Liege.[1] His father William retired in 1813 leaving the management of his business to his sons.[2] In September 1813 he married Jeanne Frédérique Pastor, the same day her sister Caroline married Charles James Cockerill.[3] After the victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, the Prussian Minister of Finance, Peter Beuth, invited the Cockerill brothers to set up a woollens factory in Berlin.[1][4][5] In 1814 the brothers bought the former palace of the Prince Bishops of Liege at Seraing.[6] The chateau became the plant headquarters and the ground behind it the factory site[7] (founded 1817); it was to become a vertically integrated iron foundry and machine manufacturing factory. William I of the Netherlands was joint owner of the plant.[1] A machine manufacturing plant was added in 1819, and in 1826 (begun 1823[8]) a coke fired blast furnace.[11] By 1840 the plant had sixteen steam engines producing total power {{convert|900|hp|kW|abbr=on}} in continual work and employed 3000 persons.[2] In 1823 his brother Charles James retired,[9] having been bought out by John in 1822.[10] After the Belgian Revolution of 1830 the new Kingdom of Belgium claimed the property of William I,[8] and in 1835 John Cockerill made himself the sole owner of the works.[1] He also was a founder of the Bank de Belgique,[8] in 1835.[11] During John Cockerill's lifetime, the factories produced not only spinning engines and steel, but steam engines (including air-blowers, traction engines, and engines for ships);[19] in 1835 Belgiums first steam locomotive Le Belge was made.[12][13] He also had interests in collieries and mines, as well as factories producing cloth, linen and paper.[2] In 1838/9 military tensions between Belgium and the Netherlands caused a rush on the banks for hard currency; as a result of the crisis John Cockerill's company became bankrupt.[14] With debts of 26 million francs on assets of 15 million, he travelled to St. Petersburg to make arrangements with Nicholas I of Russia with the hope of raising funds.[15] On his return he contracted typhoid and died in Warsaw on 19 June 1840, leaving no heirs.[1] LegacyOn his death he had a reputation as a humanitarian employer and as the founder of the Belgian manufacturing industry.[8] His body was returned to Seraing in 1867 and a memorial was unveiled there in 1871.[1] A statue of him and the industrial workers of Belgium also stands in the Place du Luxembourg in Brussels. His company became the Société pour l'Exploitation des Etablissements John Cockerill (1842) and later Societe Anonyme Cockerill-Ougree (1955).[16] The steelmaking activities of the firm continued through various mergers, eventually becoming part of Cockerill-Sambre in 1981; the Cockerill name was retained until a 1998 merger with Usinor. Some mechanical engineering activities continued as Cockerill Maintenance & Ingénierie, which was split off as a separate company in the late 20th century. Honours
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite DNB|wstitle=Cockerill, William|volume=11|page=200}} 2. ^1 2 Chamber's Edinburgh Journal, Vol.8 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.albrecht-blank.de/ahnenblan/pafg342.htm|title=Ausgewählte Familien und Personen|at=John COCKERILL|work=www.abrecht-blank.de|author=Dr. Albert Blank|language=German}} 4. ^{{Cite book|title=Germany, 1789-1919: a political history|author=Agatha Ramm|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1981|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsIOAAAAQAAJ|work=books.google.co.uk|pages=152–3|isbn=9780416339901}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title=World economic primacy: 1500-1990|author=Charles Poor Kindleberger|publisher=Oxford University Press US|year=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fa37GqGoW6EC|page=153|work=books.google.co.uk|isbn=9780198025931}} 6. ^Industria: architecture industrielle en Belgique, pp.28-31 7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdQ_AAAAYAAJ|at=SERAING, p.172|title=A handbook for travellers on the continent: being a guide to Holland, Belgium, Prussia, northern Germany, and the Rhine from Holland to Switzerland.|publisher=John Murray|year=1860}} 8. ^1 2 3 A dictionary, geographical, statistical, and historical, of the various countries, places, and principal natural objects in the world, p.159 9. ^1 {{Cite book|title=The Iwakura mission in America and Europe: a new assessment|author=Ian Hill Nish|publisher=Routledge|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFntG3WUvR4C|pages=103–5|isbn=9781873410844}} 10. ^{{Cite book|title=A concise economic history of the world: from Paleolithic times to the present|author=Rondo E. Cameron|publisher=Oxford University Press US|year=1993|page=233}} 11. ^{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of world history: ancient, medieval, and modern, chronologically arranged|author=Peter N. Stearns|author2=William Leonard Langer|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year=2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MziRd4ddZz4C|at=1835 Bank of Belgium, p.451|work=books.google.co.uk}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.tassignon.be/trains/Vapeur%20Belge/Vapeur_Belge.htm|title=La Construction des LOCOMOTIVES à VAPEUR en Belgique|language=French|work=www.tassignon.be}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://users.skynet.be/tintinpassion/VOIRSAVOIR/Locos/pages_Locos/06_Locos.html|title=1835. " Le Belge " des ateliers Cockerill|language=French|work=users.skynet.be}} 14. ^{{Cite web|title=Central banking in 19th-century Belgium: was the NBB a lender of last resort?|author=Erik Buyst|author2=Ivo Maes|url=http://economix.u-paris10.fr/pdf/seminaires/H2S/Buyst.pdf|work=economix.u-paris10.fr|at=3.1. The crisis of 1838: the government comes to the rescue, pp.8-10}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 15. ^The new American cyclopædia, Vol.5 , p.420 16. ^1 Société Anonyme John Cockerill, Albert Gieseler 17. ^RD of 23.10.1836 Sources
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13 : 1790 births|1840 deaths|British businesspeople|People from Haslingden|19th-century Belgian people|19th-century British businesspeople|19th-century Belgian businesspeople|Industrialists|Manufacturing in Belgium|Naturalised citizens of Belgium|Cockerill Company (Belgium)|Deaths from typhoid fever|English emigrants to Belgium |
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