| 词条 | Jorge Sampaio |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = His Excellency | birthname = Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio | honorific-suffix = GColTE GCIH GColL | image = Jorge Sampaio 3.jpg | imagesize = |order = 18th |office = President of Portugal | primeminister1 = António Guterres José Manuel Barroso Pedro Santana Lopes José Sócrates | predecessor1 = Mário Soares | successor1 = Aníbal Cavaco Silva | term_start1 = 9 March 1996 | term_end1 = 9 March 2006 | office2 = High-Representative for the Alliance of Civilizations | term_start2 = 1 April 2007 | term_end2 = 1 March 2013 | predecessor2 = Position established | successor2 = Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser | office3 = Mayor of Lisbon | predecessor3 = Nuno Krus Abecassis | successor3 = João Soares | term_start3 = 22 January 1990 | term_end3 = 15 November 1995 | office4 = Secretary-General of the Socialist Party | term_start4 = 15 January 1989 | term_end4 = 23 February 1992 | predecessor4 = Vítor Constâncio | successor4 = António Guterres | office5 = Leader of the Opposition | term_start5 = 6 November 1988 | term_end5 = 23 February 1992 | primeminister5 = Aníbal Cavaco Silva | predecessor5 = Vítor Constâncio | successor5 = António Guterres | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1939|09|18}} | birth_place = Lisbon, Portugal | party = Socialist Party | spouse = Maria José Rodrigues Ritta | profession = Lawyer | children = Vera Ritta de Sampaio André Ritta de Sampaio | alma_mater = University of Lisbon | signature = Signature of Jorge Sampaio.png | footnotes = }}{{Portuguese name|Branco|Sampaio}} Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio, GColTE, GCIH, GColL ({{IPA-pt|ˈʒɔɾʒ(ɨ) sɐ̃ˈpaju|-|Pt-Jorge Sampaio.ogg}}) (born 18 September 1939) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician who was the 18th President of Portugal from 1996 to 2006. Early life and political careerSampaio was born in Lisbon on 18 September 1939. The Sampaio family lived abroad in the United States and the United Kingdom for some years, due to the professional activity of his father Arnaldo de Sampaio (1908–1984), a medical doctor. His mother was Fernanda Bensaúde Branco (1908 – 15 February 2000). His maternal grandmother Sara Bensliman Bensaúde, who died in 1976, was a Sephardi Jew from Morocco of Portuguese origin, and his maternal grandfather Fernando Branco (1880–1940) was a naval officer of the Portuguese Navy and later the Foreign Minister of Portugal; Sampaio himself is agnostic, and does not consider himself a Jew.[1] He started his political career as college student of the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon. Jorge Sampaio was involved in the student contestation against the fascist regime and was leader of the Lisbon students union between 1960 and 1961. Following his graduation in 1961, Jorge Sampaio started a notable career as a lawyer, often involved in the defence of many political prisoners. His brother is the teenage-psychiatrist and writer Daniel Sampaio. He married firstly a medical doctor named Karin Schmidt Dias, daughter of António Jorge Dias (Porto, 31 July 1907 – Lisbon, 5 February 1973) and his German wife, Margot Schmidt. The couple had no issue and later divorced. He married secondly Maria José Rodrigues Ritta (b. Lisbon, 19 December 1941), daughter of José António Ritta and wife Maria José Rodrigues Xavier and sister of Maria Ermelinda and José António. Sampaio and his second wife had two children: Vera Ritta de Sampaio (b. 1977) and André Ritta de Sampaio (b. 1981). After the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, Sampaio funded Movimento de Esquerda Socialista (MES) (Portuguese acronym for Socialist Left Movement) but abandoned the political project soon after. In 1978 he joined the Socialist Party, where he has been associated with the party's left wing.[2] He was first elected to Parliament as a deputy for Lisbon in 1979. Between 1979 and 1984, he was a member of the European Commission for Human Rights, where he developed important work on these topics. Between 1986 and 1987 he was president of the parliamentary bench of the Socialist Party. In 1989, he was elected president of this political group, an office he held until 1991. Also in 1989, Jorge Sampaio was elected the 62nd Mayor of Lisbon, a charge he took in 1990, and was re-elected in 1993, remaining in office until 1995. PresidencyIn 1995, Jorge Sampaio announced his wish to run for the presidency of the Republic. He won the election of 14 January 1996 in the first round against former Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva and became President on 9 March. After a non-controversial first mandate, he was re-elected as President on 14 January 2001. As President, Sampaio's actions were focused on social and cultural affairs. In the international political scene, he oversaw the transfer of Macao's sovereignty to China in December 1999 and he also gave important publicity to the cause of East Timor's independence. In October 2003, he invited the presidents of Finland, Germany, as well as of soon-to-be EU members Hungary, Latvia and Poland to Arraiolos in order to discuss the consequences of the 2004 enlargement of the European Union and plans for a Constitution for Europe.[3] Such conventions of non-executive presidents of EU member states have become a regular event, and have been dubbed Arraiolos meetings. It is generally considered that Sampaio's presidency were marked by a firm sense of prudence and moderation, an approach which earned him a remarkably uneventful first term in office. In 2004, however, his refusal to hold early elections following Social Democratic Prime Minister José Manuel Durão Barroso's resignation met with vigorous protest from all left-wing parties and even led to the stepping down of Socialist leader Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues. Sampaio made this decision to ensure political stability at a time when the country was facing economic recession, and he appointed Pedro Santana Lopes as Prime Minister. However, only four months afterwards, on 30 November, Sampaio concluded that the new cabinet was not achieving the desired stability, but quite the opposite, and he therefore dissolved the Parliament, calling new elections for February 2005. On 24 February 2005, Sampaio called on José Sócrates, as the nation's next prime minister, to form a government. Sampaio's successor was chosen in the presidential election held on 22 January 2006. Aníbal Cavaco Silva, the man he defeated in 1996, succeeded Sampaio on 9 March 2006. As a former President, Sampaio is a Member of the Portuguese Council of State. He is also a member of the Club of Madrid,[4] an independent non-profit organization composed of 81 democratic former presidents and Prime Ministers from 57 different countries. Jorge Sampaio is also known for supporting bullfights.{{Citation needed|date=February 2016}} Although the Portuguese law does not allow bullfights ending with the death of the bull in the arena, Jorge Sampaio was able to promote an exception to this law for Barrancos in the Alentejo province. {{Clear}}Electoral results1996 Portuguese presidential election{{Portuguese presidential election, 1996}}2001 Portuguese presidential election{{Portuguese presidential election, 2001}}Post-presidential careerSampaio is a member of the Club de Madrid, an organization of more than 80 former democratic statesmen. The group works to strengthen democratic governance and leadership worldwide by drawing on the experience of its members.[5] In May 2006, Sampaio was appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General as his first Special Envoy for the Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis. In April 2007, current UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon designated him as High Representative for the Alliance of Civilizations, a position he held till September 2012. In 2010, he participated in the jury for the Conflict Prevention Prize[6] awarded every year by the Fondation Chirac. Honours and awardsIn 2008, he was awarded the North-South Prize of the Council of Europe. In 2015, he was a recipient of the Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Prize, along with Dr. Helena Ndume, in recognition for his role in the struggle for the restoration of democracy in Portugal, the pro bono defence of political prisoners, and for raising awareness of tuberculosis as UN Secretary-General’s first Special Envoy to Stop Tuberculosis.[7][8]
See also
Notes1. ^See Portugal´s President: ´I am proud of my Jewish ancestry´, Michael Freund, retrieved from the [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/443340731.html?dids=443340731:443340731&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+7%2C+2003&author=MICHAEL+FREUND&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=06&desc=Portugal%27s+president%3A+%27I+am+proud+of+my+Jewish+ancestry%27 Jerusalem Post of 7 November 2003]: Jerusalem Post: I understand that you have Jewish ancestry in your family. What is your personal connection to the Jewish people? Do you consider yourself to be a Jew?. Jorge Sampaio: My grandmother belonged to a Jewish family that came from Morocco in the beginning of the 19th century. She married a non-Jewish naval officer who later was Foreign Affairs minister. I am naturally very proud of this ancestry and of all those that I call my "favorite Jewish cousins," one of whom is the president of the Lisbon Jewish Community, as I am proud of the ancestry on my non-Jewish father's side. Personally, I am agnostic, and I do not consider myself a Jew; but I am proud, as I said, of my ancestors. 2. ^{{cite journal |last1=Costa Lobo |first1=Marina |last2=Magalhães |first2=Pedro C. |year=2001|title=The Portuguese Socialists and the Third Way |url=https://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/aff5acde-4dbc-4182-b92a-3365cafb1802.pdf |access-date=7 November 2016|publisher=European Consortium for Political Research}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Foreign Policy Events, 13–20 October 2003|url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/news/Newsletters/CurrentLatvia/2003/okt/4116/|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=5 October 2013}} 4. ^The Club of Madrid is an independent non-profit organization composed of 81 democratic former presidents and Prime Ministers from 57 different countries. It constitutes the world's largest forum of former Heads of State and Government, who have come together to respond to a growing demand for support among leaders in democratic leadership, governance, crisis and post-crisis situations. All lines of work share the common goal of building functional and inclusive societies, where the leadership experience of our Members is most valuable. 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/miembro/jorge_sampaio|title=Jorge Sampaio – Club de Madrid|author=Club de Madrid|publisher=|accessdate=21 December 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fondationchirac.eu/en/the-fondation-chirac-prize-for-conflict-prevention/the-jury/|title=The Jury|work=Fondation Chirac|accessdate=21 December 2015}} 7. ^[https://www.un.org/en/events/mandeladay/laureates.shtml|President Kutesa announces the winners of the United Nations Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Prize] 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=51221#.VYqQWShiEXE%7cGeneral|title=United Nations News Centre|date=22 June 2015|work=UN News Service Section|accessdate=21 December 2015}} 9. ^Spanish Official Journal website, [https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2000-16491] : RD 16491/2000 Knight of the Collar 10. ^Spanish Official Journal website, [https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-1996-11321] : RD 11321/1996 Knight of the Collar 11. ^Slovak republic website, State honours : 1st Class in 2003 (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table) 12. ^Lithuanian Presidency {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419000000/http://www.lrp.lt/lt/prezidento_veikla/apdovanojimai/apdovanojimai_256/p40.html |date=19 April 2014 }}, Lithuanian Orders searching form 13. ^Royal website photo Tuist.pt External links{{Commons category}}
|-{{s-non|reason=Title jointly held|rows=2}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of the Assembly of the Republic from Lisbon|years=1980–1983; 1985–1987; 1991–1995}}{{s-non|reason=Title jointly held|rows=2}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Member of the Assembly of the Republic from Santarém|years=1987–1991}} |-{{s-ppo}}{{s-bef|before=Vítor Constâncio}}{{s-ttl|title=Secretary-General of the Socialist Party|years=1989–1992}}{{s-aft|after=António Guterres}} |-{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Vítor Constâncio}}{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the Opposition|years=1988–1992}}{{s-aft|after=António Guterres}} |-{{s-bef|before=Nuno Krus Abecassis}}{{s-ttl|title=Mayor of Lisbon|years=1990–1995}}{{s-aft|after=João Soares}} |-{{s-bef|before=Mário Soares}}{{s-ttl|title=President of Portugal|years=1996–2006}}{{s-aft|after=Aníbal Cavaco Silva}} |-{{s-dip}} |-{{s-new}}{{s-ttl|title=High-Representative for the Alliance of Civilizations|years=2007–2013}}{{s-aft|after=Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser}}{{s-end}}{{Leaders of the Opposition (Portugal)}}{{PortuguesePresidents|state=collapsed}}{{Council of State of Portugal}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sampaio, Jorge}} 23 : 1939 births|Living people|Presidents of Portugal|Mayors of Lisbon|Portuguese agnostics|Portuguese lawyers|Portuguese people of Moroccan-Jewish descent|Socialist Party (Portugal) politicians|University of Lisbon alumni|Grand Collars of the Order of Prince Henry|Grand Collars of the Order of Liberty|Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic|Recipients of the Order of the Star of Romania|Grand Collars of the Order of the Tower and Sword|Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George|Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order|Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana|Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Double Cross|Grand Crosses of the Order of Vytautas the Great|20th-century Portuguese politicians|21st-century Portuguese politicians|Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany |
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