| 词条 | Arcadia Conference |
| 释义 |
The First Washington Conference, also known as the Arcadia Conference (ARCADIA was the code name used for the conference), was held in Washington, D.C., from December 22, 1941 to January 14, 1942. It brought together the top British and American military leaders in Washington, December 22, 1941, to January 14, 1942. Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt and their aides had very candid conversations that led to a series of major decisions that shaped the war effort in 1942-1943. Arcadia was the first meeting on military strategy between Britain and the United States; it came two weeks after the American entry into World War II. The Arcadia Conference was a secret agreement unlike the much wider postwar plans given to the public as the Atlantic Charter, agreed between Churchill and Roosevelt in August 1941. The main policy achievements of Arcadia included the decision for "Germany First" (or "Europe first"—that is, the defeat of Germany was the highest priority); the establishment of the Combined Chiefs of Staff. based in Washington, for approving the military decisions of both the US and Britain; the principle of unity of command of each theater under a supreme commander; drawing up measures to keep China in the war; limiting the reinforcements to be sent to the Pacific; and setting up a system for coordinating shipping. All the decisions were secret, except the conference drafted the Declaration by United Nations, which committed the Allies to make no separate peace with the enemy, and to employ full resources until victory.[1][2] In immediate tactical terms, the decisions at Arcadia included an invasion of North Africa in 1942, sending American bombers to bases in England, and for the British to strengthen their forces in the Pacific. Arcadia created a unified American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDA) in the Far East; the ABDA fared poorly. It was also agreed at the conference to combine military resources under one command in the European Theater of Operations (ETO).[3] ParticipantsBritish Officers Admiral of the Fleet, Sir Dudley Pound, First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff Field Marshal Sir John Dill Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Portal, Chief of Air Staff Admiral Sir Charles Little, Joint Staff Mission Lieut. General Sir Colville Wemyss, Joint Staff Mission Air Marshall A. T. Harris, Joint Staff Mission U. S. Naval Officers Admiral H. R. Stark, Chief of Naval Operations Admiral E. J. King, Commander-in-Chief, U. S. Fleet Rear Admiral F. J. Horne, Assistant Chief of Naval Operations Rear Admiral J. H. Towers, Chief, Bureau of Aeronautics Rear Admiral R. K. Turner, Director, War Plans Division Major General Thomas Holcomb, Commandant, U. S. Marine Corps U. S. Army Officers General George C. Marshall, Commanding General of the Field Forces and Chief of Staff, U. S. Army Lieut. General H. H. Arnold, Chief of the Army Air Forces and Deputy Chief of Staff, U. S. Army Brigadier General L. T. Gerow, Chief of War Plans Division Joint Secretaries Captain J. L. McCrea, Aide to Chief of Naval Operations Lieut. Colonel P. M. Robinett, G-2, GHQ, U. S. Army Major W. T. Secton, Assistant Secretary, W.D.G.S. See also
References1. ^William Hardy McNeill, America, Britain and Russia: Their Cooperation and Conflict 1941-1946 (1953) pp 90-118 2. ^Andrew Roberts, Masters and Commanders: How Four Titans Won the War in the West, 1941-1945 (2010) pp 86-87. 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Powaski|first1=Ronald E.|title=Toward an entangling alliance : American isolationism, internationalism, and Europe, 1901-1950|date=1991|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=9780313272745|pages=112–14|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZDAoVZqHwocC&lpg=PA112&pg=PA112#v=onepage&q&f=false}} Further reading
Primary sources
External links
13 : World War II conferences|Diplomatic conferences in the United States|1941 conferences|1941 in the United States|1941 in international relations|1942 in international relations|1942 conferences|1941 in Washington, D.C.|1942 in Washington, D.C.|United Kingdom–United States relations|British Empire in World War II|December 1941 events|January 1942 events |
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