| 词条 | Tree pipit | |||||||
| 释义 |
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Anthus_triviallis_(Marek_Szczepanek).jpg |image_caption= | taxon = Anthus trivialis | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | range_map = AnthusTrivialisIUCNver2018 2.png | range_map_caption = Range of A. trivialis{{leftlegend|#00FF00|Breeding|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#007FFF|Non-breeding|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#00FFFF|Passage|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#FFBD82|A. t. haringtoni|outline=#00FF00}} | synonyms = * Alauda trivialis {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}} }} The tree pipit (Anthus trivialis) is a small passerine bird which breeds across most of Europe and temperate western and central Asia. It is a long-distance migrant moving in winter to Africa and southern Asia. The scientific name is from Latin. Anthus is the name for a small bird of grasslands, and the specific trivialis means "common", from trivium, "public street".[2] This is a small pipit, which resembles meadow pipit. It is an undistinguished-looking species, streaked brown above and with black markings on a white belly and buff breast below. It can be distinguished from the slightly smaller meadow pipit by its heavier bill and greater contrast between its buff breast and white belly. Tree pipits more readily perch in trees. The call is a strong spek, unlike the weak call of its relative. The song flight is unmistakable. The bird rises a short distance up from a tree, and then parachutes down on stiff wings, the song becoming more drawn out towards the end. The breeding habitat is open woodland and scrub. The nest is on the ground, with 4–8 eggs being laid. This species is insectivorous, like its relatives, but will also take seeds. Life cycle
Management and conservationThey breed in habitats with a wooded component, including Lowland heath and coppice. They are found mostly in open birch woodland on the boundary with moorland, or open structured oak woodland – therefore heavy thinning is required to produce a gappy character. They prefer low canopy medium-sized trees, where there is low-growing scrub and bramble less than 2 metres high, so that horizontal visibility is relatively high. They like a mosaic of grass and bracken, but not very grazed short turf, so light to moderate grazing is preferred. Glades are also valuable, and streams are preferred. Once they have arrived they nest on the ground amongst grass or heather tussocks. They forage on invertebrates found in the ground vegetation. They need scattered trees as song perches.[3] Grant funding for conservationThe Forestry Commission offers grants under a scheme called England's Woodland Improvement Grant (EWIG); as does Natural Englands Environmental Stewardship Scheme. GalleryReferences1. ^{{IUCN|id=22718546 |title=Anthus trivialis |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 2. ^{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A. | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London, United Kingdom | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages = 49, 391 }} 3. ^RSPB Woodland Management For Birds – Pied Flycatcher External links{{Commons category|Anthus trivialis}}{{Wikispecies|Anthus trivialis}}
7 : Anthus|Birds of Eurasia|Birds of Russia|Birds of Africa|Birds of South Asia|Birds described in 1758|Articles containing video clips |
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