| 词条 | Unitary state |
| 释义 |
A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme. The central government may create (or abolish) administrative divisions (sub-national units).[1] Such units exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. Although political power may be delegated through devolution to local governments by statute, the central government may abrogate the acts of devolved governments or curtail (or expand) their powers. A large majority of the world's states (165 of the 193 UN member states) have a unitary system of government.[2] Unitary states stand in contrast with federations, also known as federal states. In federations, the sub-national governments share powers with the central government as equal actors through a written constitution, to which the consent of both is required to make amendments. This means that the sub-national units have a right of existence and powers that cannot be unilaterally changed by the central government.[3] The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is an example of a unitary state. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have a degree of autonomous devolved power, but such power is delegated by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which may enact laws unilaterally altering or abolishing devolution (England does not have any devolved power).[4] Many unitary states have no areas possessing a degree of autonomy.[5] In such countries, sub-national regions cannot decide their own laws. Examples are Romania, the Republic of Ireland and the Kingdom of Norway.[6] {{Forms of government}}List of unitary statesItalics: States with limited recognition Unitary republics{{Div col |colwidth=17em}}
Unitary monarchies{{Div col |colwidth=17em}}
See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-a-unitary-state.html|title=What is a Unitary State?|website=WorldAtlas|access-date=2019-02-22}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/democracy/index.html|title=Democracy|date=2015-11-20|website=www.un.org|access-date=2019-02-22}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Ghai|first=Yash|last2=Regan|first2=Anthony J.|date=September 2006|title=Unitary state, devolution, autonomy, secession: State building and nation building in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea|journal=The Round Table|volume=95|issue=386|pages=589–608|doi=10.1080/00358530600931178|issn=0035-8533}} 4. ^Devolution within a unitary state, like federalism may be symmetrical, with all sub-national units having the same powers and status, or asymmetric, with sub-national units varying in their powers and status. 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/unitary-system|title=unitary system {{!}} government|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-08-11}} 6. ^Svalbard has even less autonomy than the mainland. It is directly controlled by the government and has no local rule. 7. ^{{cite book |title=China Transformed: Historical Change and the Limits of European Experience |publisher=Cornell University Press |author=Roy Bin Wong}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/nation-and-government/page-2 |title=Story: Nation and government – From colony to nation |publisher=Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage |work=The Encyclopedia of New Zealand |date=29 August 2013 |accessdate=19 April 2014}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduction/uk.htm |title=Social policy in the UK |publisher=Robert Gordon University – Aberdeen Business School |work=An introduction to Social Policy |accessdate=19 April 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704080747/http://www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduction/uk.htm |archivedate=4 July 2014 }} External links
3 : Forms of government|Political geography|Constitutional state types |
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