| 词条 | Bhuj | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Bhuj | official_name = | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Prag Mahal Bhuj.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = The Prag Mahal | nickname = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = India Gujarat | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|23.25|N|69.67|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_type3 = Municipality | subdivision_name1 = Gujarat | subdivision_name2 = Kachchh | subdivision_name3 = Bhuj Municipality | established_title = | established_date = 1549 | founder = Rao Hamirji | named_for = | government_type = Elected | governing_body = Municipality | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 56 | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 110 | population_total = 2,13,514 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = Census 2011 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 370001 | area_code = 2832 | area_code_type = Telephone code | registration_plate = GJ-12 | blank1_name_sec1 = Sex ratio | blank1_info_sec1 = 0.97 ♀/♂ | website = http://www.bhujnagarpalika.org | footnotes = source:Census of India[1] | demographics1_info1 = kutchi, Gujarati }} Bhuj ({{pronunciation|Bhuj.ogg}}) is a Municipality and District Headquarter of Kutch District in the state of Gujarat, India. EtymologyAccording to legend, Kutch was ruled by the Nāga chieftains in the past. Sagai, a queen of Sheshapattana, who was married to King Bheria Kumar, rose up against Bhujanga, the last chieftain of Naga. After the battle, Bheria was defeated and Queen Sagai committed sati. The hill where they lived later came to be known as Bhujia Hill and the town at the foothill as Bhuj. Bhujang was later worshiped by the people as snake god, Bhujanga, and a temple was constructed to revere him.[1] HistoryBhuj was founded by Rao Hamir in 1510 and was made the capital of Kutch by Rao Khengarji I in 1549.[2] Its foundation stone as state capital was formally laid on Vikram Samvat 1604 Maagha 5th (approx. 25 January 1548). From 1590 onwards, when Rao was forced to acknowledge the Mughal supremacy, Bhuj came to be known as Suleiman Nagar amongst Muslims. The city's walls were built by Rao Godji I in 1723{{dubious|date=October 2015}}, and the Bhujiya Fort by Devkaran Seth in Rao Deshalji I's time (1718 - 1741).[3]. Bhuj has been attacked six times. In two instances, the defense was successful and in four other instances, the defense failed. In 1728, an attack by Sarbuland Khan, Mughal Viceroy of Gujarat, was repulsed by Rao Deshalji I, and, in 1765 Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro was, by a timely display of the strength of the fortifications, induced to withdraw. During the civil troubles of the reign of the Rao Rayadhan III, Bhuj was thrice taken, by Meghji Seth in 1786, by Hansraj in 1801, and by Fateh Muhammad in 1808. On 26 March 1819, the hill fort of Bhujia was captured by a British detachment under Sir William Keir.[3] In 1818, Bhuj had a population of 20,000 people. The earthquake on 16 June 1819 destroyed nearly 7000 houses with a loss of an estimated 1140 human lives. About one-third of the buildings that escaped ruin were heavily damaged, and the north face of the town wall was leveled with the ground. Bhuj is home to one of the first Swaminarayan Sampraday temples, built in 1822. In 1837, Bhuj is said to have had a population of 30,000.[3] After independence of India in 1947, Cutch State acceded unto the dominion of India and was constituted an independent commissionaire, Kutch State. In 1956, Kutch State was merged with Bombay state, which in 1960 was divided into the new linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra, with Kutch becoming part of Gujarat state as Kutch district. Bhuj is the district headquarters of Kutch District, the largest district in India. In the 21 July 1956[4] as well as in the 26 January 2001, the city suffered great losses of life and property due to earthquakes. Many parts of Bhuj were demolished due to the extensive damage, whilst others were repaired. There has been great progress in rebuilding the City since the 2001 earthquake, with considerable improvements to roads, transportation, and infrastructure. Geography{{Wide image|Bhuj skyline from Bhujia Fort on Bhujia Hill Bhuj Kutch Gujarat.jpg|2500px|Skyline of Bhuj from Bhujia Fort atop Bhujia Hill}}Bhuj has an average elevation of 110 metres (360 feet). On the eastern side of the city is a hill known as Bhujia Hill, on which there is a Bhujia Fort, that separates Bhuj city and Madhapar town ( considered one of the richest villages in Asia ). It has two lakes namely Hamirsar and Deshadsar (દેેેશળસર). ClimateThe climate in Bhuj is called a desert climate. During the year, there is virtually no rainfall.The average annual temperature in Bhuj is 26.3 °C. The rainfall here averages 358 mm. Bhuj has a borderline hot desert climate (Köppen BWh) just short of a hot semi-arid climate (BSh). Although annual rainfall "averages" around {{convert|330|mm|in|0|disp=or}} the variability is among the highest in the world with coefficient of variation of around sixty per cent[5] – among the few comparably variable climates in the world being the Line Islands of Kiribati, the Pilbara coast of Western Australia, the sertão of Northeastern Brazil, and the Cape Verde islands.[6] Recorded annual rainfall has been as low as {{convert|21.9|mm|in|2|disp=or}} in 1899 – yet in 1926 a total of {{convert|1177.1|mm|in|2|disp=or}} fell and in the incomplete year of 1959 rainfall exceeded {{convert|1160|mm|in|2|disp=or}}, of which {{convert|730.6|mm|in|2|disp=or}} fell during Bhuj's wettest-ever month of July 1959. Apart from the cool mornings of the "winter" season from December to February, temperatures are very warm to sweltering throughout the year, which further reduces the effectiveness of the erratic monsoonal rainfall. During the "hot" season from mid-March to mid-June, temperatures of {{convert|40|C|F|disp=or}} are frequent, whilst during the monsoon season they exceed {{convert|34|C|F|1|disp=or}} with high humidity except during rainy spells accompanied by cooler temperatures but oppressive humidity. {{weather box|location = Bhuj (1981–2010)|metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 37.0 |Feb record high C = 38.9 |Mar record high C = 43.9 |Apr record high C = 45.6 |May record high C = 47.8 |Jun record high C = 47.0 |Jul record high C = 41.3 |Aug record high C = 41.2 |Sep record high C = 42.8 |Oct record high C = 44.0 |Nov record high C = 39.7 |Dec record high C = 35.4 |year record high C = 47.8 |Jan high C = 27.4 |Feb high C = 30.4 |Mar high C = 35.4 |Apr high C = 38.9 |May high C = 39.4 |Jun high C = 37.6 |Jul high C = 34.2 |Aug high C = 32.7 |Sep high C = 34.9 |Oct high C = 36.9 |Nov high C = 33.1 |Dec high C = 28.7 |year high C = 34.1 |Jan low C = 10.0 |Feb low C = 12.8 |Mar low C = 18.1 |Apr low C = 22.3 |May low C = 25.5 |Jun low C = 27.2 |Jul low C = 26.4 |Aug low C = 25.3 |Sep low C = 24.3 |Oct low C = 21.7 |Nov low C = 16.0 |Dec low C = 11.2 |year low C = 20.1 |Jan record low C = -0.2 |Feb record low C = 0.3 |Mar record low C = 5.5 |Apr record low C = 12.7 |May record low C = 16.6 |Jun record low C = 16.1 |Jul record low C = 19.4 |Aug record low C = 20.0 |Sep record low C = 17.8 |Oct record low C = 11.1 |Nov record low C = 6.0 |Dec record low C = 0.6 |year record low C = -0.2 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 1.3 |Feb rain mm = 0.3 |Mar rain mm = 1.1 |Apr rain mm = 0.2 |May rain mm = 1.5 |Jun rain mm = 35.6 |Jul rain mm = 130.9 |Aug rain mm = 99.7 |Sep rain mm = 48.6 |Oct rain mm = 2.3 |Nov rain mm = 1.8 |Dec rain mm = 0.2 |Jan rain days = 0.2 |Feb rain days = 0.0 |Mar rain days = 0.2 |Apr rain days = 0.1 |May rain days = 0.3 |Jun rain days = 1.8 |Jul rain days = 5.0 |Aug rain days = 3.8 |Sep rain days = 2.2 |Oct rain days = 0.4 |Nov rain days = 0.2 |Dec rain days = 0.1 |year rain days = 14.3 |source 1 = India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[7][8] |date=May 2012}} Places of interest{{expand section|date=April 2016}}
DemographicsIn 2011 the of Bhuj was 213,514, which consisted of 111,146 males and 102,368 females.[10] CultureBhuj is a famous destination within India for observing the historic craftsmanship of the Kutch region, including the textile crafts of bandhni (tie-dye), embroidery, and leatherwork. Artists of nearby villages bring their artwork for sale in 'Bhuj Haat', which is situated near Jubilee Ground. Locals often visit Hamirsar Lake for relaxation in natural surroundings. Bhuj is also famous for its regional cuisine, especially Pakvans, Kutchhi Dabeli (a vegetarian burger made with mashed potato, cooked with masala curry and chutneys), and regional Gujarati sweets. Media and communicationsState-owned All India Radio has a local station in Bhuj which transmits various programmes. Local TV channels and newspapers are the most popular media. EducationAlfred High School, the first high school of Kutch, established in 1870, is also an architectural heritage of the town. Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University is located in Bhuj. The university has 41 colleges affiliated, nineteen of which are in Bhuj. The university gives degrees in Arts, Science, Commerce, Law Education, Management, Pharmacy, Social Welfare, Medicine and Engineering.[11]Primary and secondary
Higher education
TransportationBhuj is connected to Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Pune, Gaziabad, Jaipur, Ajmer, Hapur, Moradabad, Bareilly, Kharagpur, Ujjain and other cities within India by railway. The city has a domestic airport, from which daily flights connect to Mumbai with flights operated by Jet Airways and Air India. State Transport buses are available from the ST stand in the middle of the town to various places in Gujarat. Additionally, many private tour operators also run frequent buses to major cities within and outside of the state of Gujarat. Kandla Airport is 53 km from Bhuj. The city may be navigated by the city bus and auto rickshaw. Trains
FlightBhuj has well connected flights to Mumbai provided by the airlines of Jet Airways and Air India Regional.
The Jet Airways flight from Bhuj to Mumbai continues on to Delhi References1. ^{{cite book|author=Ward|title=Gujarat–Daman–Diu: A Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7EHTBl_pyQC&pg=PA316|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Orient Longman Limited|isbn=978-81-250-1383-9|pages=316–317}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bhujonline.in/city-guide/bhuj-history|title=History of Bhuj|publisher=Bhuj Online|accessdate=31 October 2018 }} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Cutch, Palanpur, and Mahi Kantha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLUBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA210|year=1880|publisher=Printed at the Government Central Press|pages=215–216}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Quake rocks Kutch|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/24/stories/2006072400940900.htm|accessdate=16 December 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 July 1956}} 5. ^Van Etten, Eddie J.B.; ‘Inter-annual Rainfall Variability of Arid Australia: greater than elsewhere?’; Australian Geographer; 40 (2009), pp. 109-120 6. ^Dewar, Robert E. and Wallis, James R; ‘Geographical patterning of interannual rainfall variability in the tropics and near tropics: An L-moments approach’; in Journal of Climate, 12; pp. 3457-3466 7. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/bhuj2.htm| title = Bhuj Climatological Table Period: 1981–2010| publisher = India Meteorological Department| accessdate = 10 April 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf |format=PDF |title=Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |accessdate=10 April 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GmnoaB0m?url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf |archivedate=21 May 2013 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.greavesindia.com/introducing-bhuj-house-interview-jehan-bhujwala/|title=Introducing The Bhuj House: An Interview with Jehan Bhujwala|date=2 May 2016|publisher=Greaves Tours}} 10. ^1 {{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Census of India | work = | publisher = The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date = 2007-06-26 | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-Gujarat.html | doi = | accessdate = 2015-09-03 }} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://kskvku.digitaluniversity.ac/Content.aspx?ID=7 |title=ક્રાંતિગુરુ શ્યામજી કૃષ્ણ વર્મા કચ્છ યુનિવર્સિટી |publisher=Kskvku.digitaluniversity.ac |date= |accessdate=2012-08-05}}
External links
|name = Bhuj | title = Taluka of Bhuj | image = | group1 = Capital Town | list1 = Bhuj | group2 = Major cities | list2 = Anjar{{·}} Adipur{{·}} Gandhidham{{·}} Mundra{{·}} Bhuj{{·}} Khedoi | group3 = Villages of Bhuj taluka | list3 = Sapeda{{·}} Kukma{{·}} Madhapar{{·}} Mamuara{{·}} Mangwana{{·}} Mindiyana{{·}} Chandiya{{·}} Chandroda{{·}} Khedoi{{·}} Pantiya | group4 = Topics | list4 = Sarpanch{{·}} Taluka Head{{·}} History{{·}} Notable people{{·}} Cities and Towns{{·}} Education institutes{{·}} National parks & Sanctuaries }}{{Gujarat}}{{Authority control}} 4 : Bhuj|Former capital cities in India|1510 establishments in India|Populated places established in 1510 |
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