| 词条 | Byeonhan confederacy |
| 释义 |
History{{History of Korea}}This early part of the Three Kingdoms period is sometimes called the Proto–Three Kingdoms period. Byeonhan, like the other Samhan confederacies, appears descended from the Jin state of southern Korea. Archaeological evidence indicates an increase in military activity and weapons production among the Byeonhan in the 3rd century, especially an increase in iron arrowheads and cuirasses (Barnes 2000).[2] This may be associated with the decline of Byeonhan and the rise of the more centralized Gaya Confederacy, which most Byeonhan states joined. Gaya was subsequently annexed by Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Culture and tradeThe Chinese Records of Three Kingdoms state that the language and culture of Byeonhan was essentially the same as Jinhan, and archaeological artifacts show little difference. Byeonhan may have simply referred to the chiefdoms in the south and west of the Nakdong River valley[3] which were not formal members of the Jinhan confederacy. According to the 3rd-century Chinese chronicle Records of Three Kingdoms, Byeonhan was known for the production of iron;[4] it exported iron to the Han commanderies to the north, Yamato Japan[4][5] and the rest of the Korean peninsula.[6] It was also a center of stoneware manufacture. Member stateletsAccording to the Records of Three Kingdoms, Byeonhan consisted of 12 statelets:
See also
References
1. ^{{cite book|last1=Huiyi|first1=Yi|last2=Songsu|first2=Park|last3=Naehyon|first3=Yun|title=New history of Korea|date=2005|publisher=Jimundang|location=Seoul|isbn=8988095855|page=136|url=https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=KO8MAQAAMAAJ&q=byeonhan+byeonjin&dq=byeonhan+byeonjin&hl=ko&sa=X&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAWoVChMIz9Lt_fSHxgIVQxmmCh0jmQDa}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Ebrey|first1=Patricia|last2=Walthall|first2=Anne|title=Pre-Modern East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Volume I: To 1800|date=2013-01-01|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=1133606512|pages=101}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Yi|first1=Kwang-kyu|title=Korean studies series|date=2003|publisher=Jipmundang|location=Seoul|isbn=8988095499|pages=24–27|edition=Korean Studies series 25}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Injae|last2=Miller|first2=Owen|last3=Park|first3=Inhoon|title=Korean History in Maps|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=1107098467|pages=18–19|url=https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=46OTBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=byeonhan+trade&hl=ko&sa=X&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAGoVChMIj6386PmHxgIV1Z28Ch2EjQCQ#v=onepage&q=byeonhan%20trade&f=false}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Kyong-hee|first1=Won Yu han ; translated by Lee|title=Money traditional Korean society|date=2006|publisher=Ewha Womans University Press|location=Seoul, Korea|isbn=8973006746|pages=17–18}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Mong-nyong|first1=Choi|title=최근 의 고고학 자료 로 본 한국 고고학, 고대사 의 신 연구(Recent research on archaeology and ancient deities|date=2006|publisher=Juryusung|location=Seoul|isbn=9788987096650|page=41}} 6 : Ancient peoples|Early Korean history|Former countries in Korean history|Gaya confederacy|States and territories disestablished in the 4th century|States and territories established in the 1st century |
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