| 词条 | China Navigation Company |
| 释义 |
| name = China Navigation Company | logo = China Navigation Company logo.jpg | logo_size = 300px | caption = | type = Passenger / cargo shipping line |former_name = The China Navigation Company, Limited | trading_name = Swire Shipping | foundation = 1872 | founder = John Samuel Swire | defunct = | location_city = | location_country = Singapore | locations = | area_served = Asia-Pacific | key_people = James Woodrow (Managing Director) | industry = | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = Swire Group | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = {{URL|www.swireshipping.com}} | footnotes = }} The China Navigation Co. Pte Ltd. formerly known as The China Navigation Company, Limited (CNCo), branded as Swire Shipping, is a merchant shipping company based in Singapore. It is part of the Swire group, formerly John Swire and Sons. CNCo was founded by John Samuel Swire to offer paddle steamer services on the Yangtze River.[1] By the early 1870s John Samuel Swire was convinced that there was an opening for increased steam shipping on the Yangtze River and as he was unable to interest other shipping companies, such as Alfred Holt and Company in undertaking this expansion he decided to establish a new company for this.[2] The China Navigation Company was formed in London in 1872 with a capital of £360,000 chiefly put up by John Samuel Swire and WH Swire with Alfred Holt, Rathbone's, TH Ismay, RN Dale, John Scott, T Barlow and William Imrie and T&J Harrison supplying additional money. HistoryBeginningsJohn Swire and Sons (JS&S) initially ordered three ships to be built for the Lower Yangtze trade and in 1873 purchased the Union Steam Navigation Company giving CNCo two ships and the leases on property in Shanghai and at other river ports. By the mid-1870s CNCo interests had spread to the Canton River trade and by the late 1870s to the Shanghai to Ningpo and Shanghai to Tientsin routes, despite periods of intense competition and rates wars as well as pool agreements with the other shipping companies on these routes. In 1883 the Coast Boats Ownery [CBO], which had been formed to handle local coastal trade was fused with the CNCo and in the 1880s and 1890s the CNCo expanded its fleet and the ports of call so that by 1894 it consisted of twenty-nine ships calling at ports along the Yangtze, down the South China coast, in the Philippines, South East Asia, Australia, Japan, Russia and the North China coast. 20th centuryDespite problems in Far Eastern trade and affairs in the 20th century, including increased nationalist sentiment and anti-foreign campaigns, boycotts, piracy, staff and salary discontent, and disrupted trade routes due to China's internal civil disturbances, the CNCo fleet continued to operate up to the Second World War and, in 1940, was requisitioned by the British Government for the duration of the war. In autumn 1945 CNCo returned to Hong Kong and Shanghai and, gradually, repossessed shipping and property seized by the Japanese was restored and normal working resumed.[3] ManagementButterfield and Swire (B&S), which was the Far Eastern trading company of JS&S, was appointed from the formation of CNCo as eastern managers. All correspondence with JS&S, the London Managers, was conducted by the offices in Hong Kong and Shanghai. Shanghai was responsible for the CNCo business on the Yangtze River and the north China coast (from Ningpo north), and Hong Kong handled the south coast and Canton trade and all the South East Asian, Australian and Philippines routes. In many ports the B&S agent acted for CNCo although in some places a separate CNCo office might be established and in the Philippines, Australia and South East Asia, where there were no B&S offices, independent agents were employed. The company todayToday CNCo is the deep-sea shipping arm of the Swire group. CNCo's managed cargo liner services serve over 130 ports worldwide, employing a mix of specialist owned and chartered vessels carrying container, bulk, break-bulk and project cargoes. Current fleetMULTI-PURPOSE VESSELS MIHOS
CHALLENGERS
B170s
S-CLASS
CHIEF-CLASS - New Chief-Class Vessels, delivery 2015
BULK CARRIERS
Notable former vessels
Notes1. ^The archives of John Swire & Sons Ltd (including the papers of the China Navigation Company Ltd) are held at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, http://www.soas.ac.uk/library/archives/ 2. ^{{cite book |last=Hyde |first=F |year=1956 |title=Blue Funnel. A History of Alfred Holt & Co. of Liverpool, 1865–1914 |location=Liverpool |publisher=Liverpool University Press |pages=not cited}} 3. ^{{cite book |last1=Marriner |first1=S |last2=Hyde |first2=F |year=1967 |title='The Senior' John Samuel Swire 1825–1898 |location=Liverpool |publisher=Liverpool University Press |isbn= |pages=}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 {{cite web |url= http://www.chinanav.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=3 |title=The China Navigation Company Fleet |work= |publisher=China Navigation Co |accessdate=15 November 2013}}
External links
3 : Companies of Hong Kong|Transport companies established in 1872|Swire Group |
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