| 词条 | Emily Howland |
| 释义 |
| name = Emily Howland | image = Emily Howland from American Women, 1897.jpg | caption = Portrait of Emily Howland from American Women | birth_date = {{Birth date|1827|11|20}} | birth_place = Sherwood, New York | death_date = {{Death date and age|1929|06|29|1827|11|20}} }}Emily Howland (November 20, 1827 – June 29, 1929) was a philanthropist and educator. Especially known for her activities and interest in the education of African-Americans, she was also a strong supporter of women's rights and the temperance movement. Howland personally financed the education of many black students and contributed to institutions such as the Tuskegee Institute.[1] Early life and educationEmily Howland was born at Sherwood, Cayuga County, New York,[2] on November 20, 1827.[2] She was the daughter of Slocum and Hannah Tallcot Howland, who were prominent in the Society of Friends.[2] Her brother, William Howland, served in the 106th New York State Legislature.[5] She was educated in small private schools in the community, and the Margaret Robinson School, a Friends school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[3] CareerAn active abolitionist, Howland taught at Normal School for Colored Girls (now University of the District of Columbia) in Washington, D.C. from 1857 to 1859. During the Civil War she worked at the contraband refugee settlement of Camp Todd in Arlington, Virginia, teaching freed slaves to read and write as well as administering to the sick during a smallpox outbreak and ultimately serving as director of the camp during 1864-1866.[3] Beginning in 1867, she started a community for freed people in Heathsville, Northumberland County, Virginia, called Arcadia, on 400 acres purchased by her father, including a school for the education of children of freed slaves, the Howland Chapel School.[4][5] She continued to maintain an active interest in African-American education, donating money and materials as well as visiting and corresponding with administrators at many schools.[5] Returning to Sherwood NY after her father's death in 1881, she inherited $50,000 (roughly $2 million in today's dollars) and ran the Sherwood Select School until 1926 when it became a public school and was renamed the Emily Howland Elementary School by the state of New York.[5] Howland was also active in women's suffrage, peace, and temperance movements and was a member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.[12] In 1958, she began organizing women's rights lectures and meetings with Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. In 1878, she spoke at the 30th anniversary of the Seneca Falls woman’s rights convention and in 1894 the New York State legislature.[6] When the suffrage movement split into two groups, the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association, Howland did not take sides, but attended meetings of both groups.[7] In 1903, she had tea with Queen Victoria on a trip to London for a international suffrage meeting. In 1904, she spoke in front of Congress and attended the 1912 and 1913 suffrage parades in New York.[6] She has been credited with persuading Ezra Cornell that, as a Quaker, he should make Cornell University a coeducational institution.[7] In 1926 she received an honorary Litt.D. degree from the University of the State of NY, in Albany, the first woman to have this honor conferred upon her from this institution.[5] She was also the author of an historical sketch of early Quaker history in Cayuga County, NY: Historical Sketch of Friends in Cayuga County.[8] Howland became one of the first female directors of a national bank in the United States, at the First National Bank of Aurora in Aurora, New York in 1890,[9] serving until her death, at age 101. LegacyHer papers are held by several universities, including: Cornell University,[10] Haverford College,[3] and Swarthmore College.[11] A photo album containing family, friends, and colleagues, as well as souvenir images of notable abolitionists and famous figures during the 1860s and 1870s is jointly owned by the National Museum of African American History and Culture and the Library of Congress.[12] References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Locke|first1=Mamie E.|title=Emily Howland|journal=American National Biography Online|date=February 2000|url=http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00350.html|accessdate=2 March 2017}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Howland, Emily}}2. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=October 1929|title=Obituaries|jstor=43565516|journal=The Quarterly Journal of the New York State Historical Association|volume=10|pages=346–348}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://library.haverford.edu/file-id-841|title=Finding Aid for the EMILY HOWLAND PAPERS,1926-1975 (Haverford College Library Special Collections)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=March 10, 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Northumberland/066-0110_Howland_Chapel_School_The_1991_Final_Nomintation.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Howland Chapel School|author=Jeffrey M. O'Dell and Carolyn E. Jett|date=June 1989|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=http://www.howlandstonestore.org/Sherwood.pdf|title=United States Department of the Interior OMB No. 1024-0018, National Park Service. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES.CONTINUATION SHEET. Section 8: Significance. (Property Sherwood Equal Rights Historic District. Location Cayuga County, New York)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=March 10, 2018}} 6. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.howlandstonestore.org/Sherwood.pdf|title=NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=28 March 2019}} 7. ^1 2 {{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21550452|title=Mothers of feminism : the story of Quaker women in America (c1986)|last=Hope.|first=Bacon, Margaret|date=|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1989|isbn=0062500465|edition= 1st paperback Harper & Row |location=San Francisco|pages=|oclc=21550452}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=The Odyssey of a Humanitarian: Emily Howland, 1827-1929 |author=Judith Colucci Breault|year=1981|publisher=Ayer Publishing|isbn=0-405-14076-2}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zXEEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA398&dq=emily++howland+woman+of+the+century&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7hJiTweLZAhWho1kKHRVGBSkQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=emily%20%20howland%20woman%20of%20the%20century&f=false|title=Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life (Moulton, 1893)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=March 10, 2018}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM02681.html|title=Emily Howland Papers,1797-1938. Collection No.2681 (Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections Cornell University Library)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=March 10, 2018}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/friends/ead/5066howl.xml|title=An Inventory of the Emily Howland Family Papers, 1763-1929 (Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore College)|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=March 10, 2018}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2017.30|title=Photograph album owned by Emily Howland|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en|access-date=2019-03-27}} 16 : 1827 births|1929 deaths|American abolitionists|American centenarians|American suffragists|People from Aurora, Cayuga County, New York|People of Washington, D.C. in the American Civil War|Women in the American Civil War|American temperance activists|American anti-war activists|Philanthropists from New York (state)|Educators from New York (state)|Activists from New York (state)|Quaker feminists|American Quakers|Women centenarians |
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