| 词条 | Four-spotted chaser |
| 释义 |
| image = Four-spotted chaser dragonfly (Libellula quadrimaculata) male.jpg | image_caption = Male Farmoor Reservoir, Oxfordshire | image2 = Four-spotted chaser (Libellula quadrimaculata) female P2.jpg | image2_caption = Female, Kampinos Forest, Poland | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Odonata | subordo = Anisoptera | familia = Libellulidae | genus = Libellula | species = L. quadrimaculata | binomial = Libellula quadrimaculata | binomial_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 }} The four-spotted chaser (Libellula quadrimaculata), known in North America as the four-spotted skimmer, is a dragonfly of the family Libellulidae found widely throughout Europe, Asia, and North America. The adult stage is found between April to early September in the United Kingdom, and from mid-May to mid-August in Ireland. Larvae have a two-year developmental cycle. Adults feed predominantly on mosquitoes, gnats, and midges;[1] the larvae feed primarily on other aquatic insect larvae and on tadpoles. There is a variant form, praenubila Newman, which has exaggerated wing spots. This is believed to be related to water temperatures during larval development, and appears to be more common in Europe than in the Americas. The four-spotted skimmer is the state insect of Alaska.[2] HabitatThis active dragonfly mainly lives by ponds, vernal pools, and slow flowing rivers; they are most common in June and July. IdentificationThe brown colour and the four spots on the wings make them unmistakable. BehaviourThe male is considered to be highly aggressive and will defend a given territory from incursions from other males of the species. The male is known to form preferences for prominent perches and will often return to the same perches around the margins of pools and ponds whilst it patrols for intruders. Males have a favourable view of the sky during perching. They look toward a section of the sky away from the sun, with less radiation but a higher UV and blue-violet saturation. Thus, the fovea of the eyes, which is sensitive to blue and UV radiation, is optimally suited to the detection of flying insects against the blue sky.[3] Both sexes are prolific fliers, and mating takes place in the air, rather than on perches or amongst the vegetation. The female lays her eggs on floating vegetation. They tend to be easier to approach than Broad-bodied Chasers. PredatorsThe larger emperor dragonfly (Anax imperator) is a predator of this species.[4] Another is the green tiger beetle (Cicindela campestris).[5] GalleryReferences1. ^http://www.shgresources.com/ak/symbols/insect/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107003454/http://www.shgresources.com/ak/symbols/insect/ |date=2009-01-07 }} Retrieved 16 Feb. 2010 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://sled.alaska.edu/akfaq/aksymb.html |title=FAQ ALASKA - Frequently Asked Questions About Alaska |publisher=sled.alaska.edu |date=17 January 2006 |accessdate=28 January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210145551/http://sled.alaska.edu/akfaq/aksymb.html |archivedate=10 February 2010 |df= }} 3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Sauseng|first=Manuela|last2=Pabst|first2=Maria-Anna|last3=Kral|first3=Karl|date=|title=The dragonfly Libellula quadrimaculata (Odonata: Libellulidae) makes optimal use of the dorsal fovea of the compound eyes during perching|url=http://www.eje.cz/pdfs/eje/2003/04/03.pdf|journal=European Journal of Entomology|publication-date=20 November 2003|volume=100|issue=4|pages=475–479|doi=10.14411/eje.2003.071|issn=1210-5759|via=}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.norfolkdragons.co.uk/species/Imperator.shtml|title=Emperor Dragonfly|last=|first=|date=|website=Norfolk Dragons|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527220853/http://www.norfolkdragons.co.uk/species/Imperator.shtml|archivedate=27 May 2009|deadurl=yes|accessdate=16 February 2010}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cornishnature.co.uk/cornish-dragonflies/26-an-unexpected-predator-of-the-four-spot-chaser-dragonfly.html|title=An Unexpected Predator of the Four Spot Chaser Dragonfly|last=|first=|date=23 January 2009|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117002234/http://www.cornishnature.co.uk/cornish-dragonflies/26-an-unexpected-predator-of-the-four-spot-chaser-dragonfly.html|archive-date=17 November 2017|dead-url=|access-date=15 February 2010}}
External links
10 : Libellulidae|Dragonflies of Europe|Fauna of Alaska|Insects described in 1758|Insects of Canada|Insects of the United States|Odonata of Asia|Odonata of North America|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|Articles containing video clips |
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