| 词条 | Bully Creek (Malheur River tributary) |
| 释义 |
| name = Bully Creek | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = Bully Creek Dam, Malheur County, Oregon.jpg | image_caption = Bully Creek Dam | image_size = 300 | map = | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = USA Oregon | pushpin_map_size = 300 | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth of Bully Creek in Oregon | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = United States | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Oregon | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = County | subdivision_name4 = Malheur | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|62|mi|km|abbr=on}}[1] | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= river mile 5 (river kilometer 8) | discharge1_min = {{convert|0|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}(June/July 1934)[2] | discharge1_avg = {{convert|40.4|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}{{#tag:ref|The average discharge rate for this location was calculated by adding the average annual discharge rates for the total number of water years for which data was available and dividing by the total number of water years.[3]|name="Divide"|group=Note}} | discharge1_max = {{convert|8980|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}(February 24, 1957)[4] | source1 = Sheep Rock | source1_location = Blue Mountains, Malheur County, Oregon | source1_coordinates= {{coord|44|05|25|N|118|05|55|W|display=inline}}[5] | source1_elevation = {{convert|4278|ft|abbr=on}}{{#tag:ref|Source elevation derived from Google Earth search using GNIS source coordinates.[5]|name="Source"|group=Note}} | mouth = Malheur River | mouth_location = near Vale, Malheur County, Oregon | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|43|58|30|N|117|14|24|W|display=inline,title}}[5] | mouth_elevation = {{convert|2244|ft|abbr=on}}[5] | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|601|sqmi|abbr=on}}[6] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} Bully Creek is a {{convert|62|mi|km|0|adj=on}} long tributary of the Malheur River, located in the U.S. state of Oregon. It drains {{convert|601|mi2|km2|0}} of Malheur County. Arising in the Blue Mountains, it flows generally southeast to its confluence with the Malheur River near Vale. CourseBully Creek's headwaters are located near Sheep Rock in the southern edge of the Blue Mountains, southwest of Ironside. It flows east, receiving Indian and Cottonwood creeks on the right, and Clover Creek on the left. Traveling through the community of Westfall, the creek turns northeast.[7] It is impounded by the {{convert|161|ft|m|0|adj=on}} tall Bully Creek Dam at river mile (RM) 8 or river kilometer (RK) 13, forming Bully Creek Reservoir.[8] From the reservoir, the creek flows southeast until it reaches Highway 20. It parallels the highway and the Malheur River for several miles, passing through the outskirts of Vale.[7] Bully Creek flows into the Malheur approximately {{convert|20|mi|km|0}} above its confluence with the Snake River, which in turn flows into the Columbia River, and ultimately the Pacific Ocean.[7][9] WatershedBully Creek drains {{convert|601|mi2|km2|0}} of eastern Oregon.[6] Wedged between the Northern Basin and Range and the Blue Mountains ecoregions, the watershed experiences an arid climate. Precipitation ranges from {{convert|9|to|23|in|mm|0}}, with an average of {{convert|12|in|mm|0}}. The highest elevation in the watershed is {{convert|6447|ft|m|0}} at Juniper Mountain, while the lowest is {{convert|2244|ft|m|0}} at the creek's mouth.[5][6] Flora and faunaTwo hundred and five species of vertebrates have been identified within the Bully Creek watershed. Large mammals such as Rocky Mountain elk and mule deer, bobcats, beavers, otters, and raccoons inhabit the region. Twenty one species of fish have been spotted, but there are no anadromous species. The threatened bald eagle lives in the watershed during the winter.[8] The Bully Creek watershed is vegetated primarily by Sagebrush, although Quaking Aspen, Water Birch, and Cottonwood grow in riparian zones. Several noxious weeds have been identified, including Russian Knapweed and White Top.[8] HistoryThe first humans arrived in the Bully Creek watershed about 13,000 years ago. The Northern Paiute tribe of Native Americans migrated to the region approximately 1,000 years ago. Whites first arrived in 1811 when fur traders from the Pacific Fur Company passed through. The Oregon Trail passed through the area in the 1840s, 50s, and 60s.[8] Melting snow and heavy rain caused an irrigation dam to fail on Bully Creek {{convert|19|mi|km|0}} west of Vale on February 5, 1925. Flood waters surged down the creek, submerging Vale in {{convert|3|ft|m|0}} of water, producing widespread damage.[10] A railroad bridge and parts of Highway 20 were washed out, and many cattle and properties were destroyed.[10][11] Overall, the flood caused over $500,000 in damage.[11] Bully Creek Dam was constructed in 1963, used primarily for flood control.[8] See also
Notes1. ^{{cite web|title=National Hydrography Dataset|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nhd.usgs.gov/index.html|accessdate=September 16, 2010}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=USGS 13227000 Bully Creek Near Vale, Oreg.|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/dv?cb_00060=on&format=html&begin_date=1933-10-01&end_date=1962-09-30&site_no=13227000&referred_module=sw|accessdate=September 16, 2010}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=USGS 13227000 Bully Creek Near Vale, Oreg.|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/annual?referred_module=sw&site_no=13227000&por_13227000_2=545587,00060,2,1934,1962&year_type=W&format=html_table&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb_compression=file&submitted_form=parameter_selection_list|accessdate=September 16, 2010}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=USGS 13227000 Bully Creek Near Vale, Oreg.|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/peak?site_no=13227000&agency_cd=USGS&format=html|accessdate=September 16, 2010}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite gnis|title=Bully Creek|id=1639189|entrydate=November 28, 1980|accessdate=September 16, 2010}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Malheur River Subbasin Assessment and Management Plan for Fish and Wildlife Mitigation |url=https://https |year=2004 |accessdate=September 16, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130711041720/http://https/ |archivedate=July 11, 2013 |df= }} 7. ^1 2 {{cite map|publisher=Benchmark Maps|title=Oregon Road and Recreation Atlas|edition=4th|year=2010|scale=1:225,000|pages=67–69, 81|isbn=978-0-929591-62-9|oclc=466904230}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Bully Creek Watershed Assessment and Strategy|publisher=Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife|date=August 1997|url=https://nrimp.dfw.state.or.us/web%20stores/data%20libraries/files/OWEB/OWEB_920_2_Bully%20Creek%20WS%20Assessment%20and%20Strategy%20pt1of3.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=August 16, 2010}} 9. ^{{cite map|cartography=United States Geological Survey|title=United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Vale East quadrant|publisher=TopoQuest|url=http://www.topoquest.com/map.php?lat=43.97443&lon=-117.23868&datum=nad83&zoom=4&map=auto&coord=d&mode=pan&size=m|accessdate=September 16, 2010}} 10. ^1 {{cite news|work=The Evening Record|location=Ellensburg, Washington|title=Vale, Ore., Swept By Flood When Big Dam Breaks|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2dQrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=koQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4581%2C1471099|date=February 5, 1925|accessdate=September 17, 2010}} 11. ^1 {{cite news|work=The Lewiston Daily Sun|location=Lewiston, Maine|title=Irrigation Dam Bursts Flooding Part Of Oregon|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mSMgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fmkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3736%2C2819490|date=February 10, 1925|accessdate=September 17, 2010}} References{{reflist|2}} 2 : Rivers of Oregon|Rivers of Malheur County, Oregon |
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