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词条 Isabella of Austria
释义

  1. Childhood

  2. Queen

  3. Exile

  4. Issue

  5. Ancestry

  6. References

{{about|the wife of Christian II of Denmark|the third wife of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy|Infanta Isabel, Duchess of Burgundy}}{{Infobox royalty|consort=yes
| name = Isabella of Austria
| image = Isabella of Spain Denmark.jpg
| caption = Portrait by Mabuse
| succession = Queen consort of Denmark
| succession1 = Queen consort of Norway
| succession2 = Queen consort of Sweden
| reign = 12 August 1515 – 20 January 1523
| reign1 = 12 August 1515 – 20 January 1523
| reign2 = 1 November 1520 – 23 August 1521
| coronation = 12 August 1515
Copenhagen Castle
| spouse =Christian II of Denmark
| issue = John, Prince of Denmark
Dorothea, Electress Palatine
Christina, Duchess of Milan
| issue-link = #Issue
| issue-pipe = among others...
| house =House of Habsburg
| father =Philip I of Castile
| mother =Joanna of Castile
| birth_date =18 July 1501
| birth_place = Brussels
| death_date ={{Death date and age|1526|1|19|1501|7|18|df=y}}
| death_place = Ghent
| burial_place= Odense Cathedral
|religion = Roman Catholicism
}}Isabella of Austria ( 18 July 1501 – 19 January 1526), also known as Elizabeth, Archduchess of Austria and Infanta of Castile and Aragon, was Queen of Denmark, Sweden and Norway as the wife of King Christian II. She was the daughter of King Philip I and Queen Joanna of Castile and the sister of Emperor Charles V. She was born at Brussels. She served as regent of Denmark in 1520.[1]

Childhood

Isabella spent her childhood in the Netherlands under the tutorage of the regent of the Netherlands, Margaret of Austria. Her fortune, her succession rights, and her connections made her a valuable pawn in the royal marriage market. The king of Denmark had first intended to marry her eldest sister Eleanor of Austria, but the Habsburgs considered Eleanor too valuable for the throne of Denmark, because as the eldest sister, there was a likelihood that her progeny may succeed. Therefore, Isabella was selected for the Danish king.

On 11 July 1514, one week short of her 13th birthday, Isabella was married by proxy to King Christian II of Denmark with Emperor Maximilian I, her grandfather, standing in for the king. She remained in the Netherlands, but is said to have fallen in love with her spouse at the sight of his painting, and asked to be taken to Denmark. A year after the wedding, the Archbishop of Nidaros was sent to escort her to Copenhagen. The marriage was ratified on 12 August 1515 (she was 14 years old).

Queen

Isabella was crowned Queen of Denmark and Norway and began using another version of her name, Elisabeth, but the relationship between her and her new family and Christian was quite cool during the first years of the marriage. The King's Dutch mistress, Dyveke Sigbritsdatter, had been with him since 1507, and he was not about to give her up for a teenager. Dyveke's mother, Sigbrit Willoms, was also influential at court, and Isabella was given less influence than both of them. This angered the Emperor, and caused some diplomatic strife between him and King Christian, but the matter was resolved when Dyveke died in 1517, and Isabella's relationship with her husband improved vastly over the next few years; her relationship with Sigbrit Willoms improved as well, and both women acted as political advisors to the king. From 1516, Anne Meinstrup was head lady-in-waiting of her court.

In 1520, Christian took the throne of Sweden, thereby making Isabella Queen of Sweden. After taking Stockholm, he asked the Swedish representatives to turn it and the regency of Sweden over to Isabella if he himself should die when his children were minors. She was to be the last Queen of Sweden who was also Queen of Denmark during the Kalmar union, but she in fact never visited Sweden; pregnant at the time of her spouse's accession to the throne of Sweden, she did not follow him there. Isabella served as the regent of Denmark during Christian's stay in Sweden.[1] Her husband was deposed as king of Sweden the following year. King Christian imprisoned many Swedish noblewomen, related to rebellious Swedish nobles, at the infamous Blåtårn ("Blue Tower") of Copenhagen Castle, including Christina Gyllenstierna, Cecilia Månsdotter and Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa, and King Gustav I of Sweden used their purported harsh treatment in captivity in his propaganda against Christian II and claimed that the Danish monarch starved the women and children, who only survived by the mercy showed them by the queen of Denmark, Isabella of Austria.[2]

When King Christian was deposed in 1523 by disloyal noblemen supporting his uncle Duke Frederick, the new king wanted to be on good terms with Isabella's family. He wrote her a personal letter in her native German, offering her a dowager queen's pension and permitting her to stay in Denmark under his protection while King Christian fled to the Low Countries. But Isabella wrote back to Duke Frederick in Latin, stating that : "ubi rex meus, ibi regnum meum", that is "where my king is, there is my kingdom".

Exile

Isabella left Denmark with her husband and their children after her husband was deposed in 1523 and travelled to the Netherlands. Isabella and Christian travelled around Germany in an attempt to gain help for Christian's restoration to the throne. Isabella made her own negotiations with her relatives, and also accompanied her husband on his travels.[3] They visited Saxony in 1523 and Berlin in 1523–1524. In Berlin, Isabella became interested in the teachings of Luther, and felt sympathy for Protestantism,[3] however she never converted officially. When she visited Nürnberg in 1524, she received communion in the Protestant way, which so enraged her birth family, the Habsburgs, that Christian decided that she should hide her Protestant views in the future, for political reasons[3]

In the spring of 1525, Isabella caught some kind of serious illness, which worsened after she travelled through a storm later that year, and lasted all summer. The former queen died at the castle of Zwijnaarde near Ghent aged twenty-four. She received both Protestant and Catholic communion, but the Habsburgs declared that she had died a convinced Catholic.[3] Her religious sympathies, and whether she was a Protestant or a Catholic after 1524, have been debated. At her deathbed, she gave the cause of her husband's restoration to her aunt, the regent of the Netherlands, Margaret of Austria.

Her fifteenth generation great-granddaughter, Princess Isabella of Denmark, was named after her.

Issue

NameBirthDeathNotes
John21 February 15181532died young.
Philip Ferdinand4 July 15191519twin, died in infancy.
Maximilian4 July 15191519twin, died in infancy
Dorothea10 November 152031 May 1580married in 1535, Frederick II, Elector Palatine and had no issue.
Christina November 152110 December 1590married in 1533, Francesco II Sforza and had no issue, married secondly in 1541, Francis I, Duke of Lorraine and had issue.
Unnamed son January 1523January 1523stillborn.

Ancestry

{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. Isabella of Austria
|2= 2. Philip I of Castile
|3= 3. Joanna I of Castile
|4= 4. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor[4]
|5= 5. Mary, Duchess of Burgundy[4]
|6= 6. Ferdinand II of Aragon[5]
|7= 7. Isabella I of Castile[5]
|8= 8. Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor[6]
|9= 9. Eleanor of Portugal[6]
|10= 10. Charles I, Duke of Burgundy[7]
|11= 11. Isabella of Bourbon[7]
|12= 12. John II of Aragon[8]
|13= 13. Juana Enriquez[8]
|14= 14. John II of Castile[9]
|15= 15. Isabella of Portugal[9] (≠ 21)
|16= 16. Ernest, Duke of Austria[10]
|17= 17. Cymburgis of Masovia[11]
|18= 18. Edward I of Portugal[12]
|19= 19. Eleanor of Aragon[12]
|20= 20. Philip III, Duke of Burgundy[7]
|21= 21. Isabella of Portugal[7] (≠ 15)
|22= 22. Charles I, Duke of Bourbon[13]
|23= 23. Agnes of Burgundy[13]
|24= 24. Ferdinand I of Aragon[14]
|25= 25. Eleanor of Alburquerque[14]
|26= 26. Fadrique Enríquez de Mendoza[15]
|27= 27. Mariana Fernández de Córdoba[15]
|28= 28. Henry III of Castile[16]
|29= 29. Catherine of Lancaster[16]
|30= 30. John, Constable of Portugal[17]
|31= 31. Isabel of Barcelos[17]
}}

References

1. ^1 Anne J. Duggan: Queens and queenship in medieval Europe
2. ^Tegenborg Falkdalen, Karin, Margareta Regina: vid Gustav Vasas sida : [en biografi över Margareta Leijonhufvud (1516-1551)], Setterblad, Stockholm, 2016
3. ^1 2 3 Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon
4. ^1 {{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Philipp I. der Schöne von Oesterreich |volume=7 |year=1861 |page=112}}
5. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Joanna |volume=15}}
6. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Maximilian I. (emperor) |volume=17 |first=Arthur William |last=Holland}}
7. ^1 2 3 {{cite EB1911 |last=Poupardin |first=René |wstitle=Charles (Duke of Burgundy)|display=Charles, called The Bold, duke of Burgundy |volume=5 |authorlink=René Poupardin}}
8. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Ferdinand V. of Castile and Leon and II. of Aragon |volume=10}}
9. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Isabella of Castile |volume=14}}
10. ^{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Frederick III., Roman Emperor |volume=11}}
11. ^{{cite book| title=Tannenberg and After |first=William |last=Urban |publisher=Lithuanian Research and Studies Center |location=Chicago |year=2003 | isbn=0-929700-25-2 |page=191}}
12. ^1 {{cite book |last=Stephens |first=Henry Morse |title=The story of Portugal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jwMqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA139 |accessdate=11 July 2018 |year=1903 |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |page=139}}
13. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Kiening|first1=Christian|title=Rhétorique de la perte. L'exemple de la mort d'Isabelle de Bourbon (1465)|journal=Médiévales|volume=13|issue=27|pages=15–24|doi=10.3406/medi.1994.1307|url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/medi_0751-2708_1994_num_13_27_1307|language=fr-FR}}
14. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=John II of Aragon |volume=15}}
15. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Ortega Gato |first=Esteban |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/1098484.pdf |format=PDF |title=Los Enríquez, Almirantes de Castilla |journal=Publicaciones de la Institución "Tello Téllez de Meneses" |language=es |issn=0210-7317 |volume=70 |year=1999 |page=42}}
16. ^1 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=John II. of Castile |volume=15}}
17. ^1 {{cite book|last=Downey|first=Kirstin|title=Isabella: The Warrior Queen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-_YCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|accessdate=2018-07-17|date=November 2015|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=9780307742162|page=28}}
  • Kvindebiografisk Leksikon (Danish)
{{Commons category}}{{S-start}}{{S-hou|House of Habsburg|18 July|1501|19 January|1526||}}{{S-roy}}
|-{{S-vac|rows=3|last=Christina of Saxony}}{{S-ttl|title=Queen consort of Denmark|years=1515–1523}}{{S-aft|rows=2|after=Sophie of Pomerania}}{{S-ttl|title=Queen consort of Norway|years=1515–1523}}
|-{{S-ttl|title=Queen consort of Sweden|years=1520–1521}}{{S-vac|last=Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg}}{{S-end}}{{Infantas of Aragon}}{{Austrian archduchesses}}{{Danish consorts}}{{Norwegian consorts}}{{Swedish consorts}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Isabella Of Austria}}

14 : 1501 births|1526 deaths|People from Brussels|16th-century House of Habsburg|Regents of Denmark|16th-century women rulers|Danish royal consorts|Norwegian royal consorts|Swedish queens|Austrian princesses|Spanish infantas|Aragonese infantas|Castilian infantas|Burials at St. Canute's Cathedral
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