| 释义 |
- Geology
- Mathematics
- Medicine
- Physics
- Technology
- Events
- Awards
- Births
- Deaths
- References
{{Year nav topic5|1822|science}}The year 1822 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Geology- Georges Cuvier establishes new standards and methods in stratigraphy and paleontology.
- Gideon Mantell discovers the first fossil of the iguanodon.
- John Phillips and William Conybeare identify the Carboniferous Period.
- Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy identifies the Cretaceous Period. He also proposes the Jurassic System.
Mathematics- July 3 – Charles Babbage publishes a proposal for a "difference engine", a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer for calculating logarithms and trigonometric functions. Construction of an operational version will proceed under British Government sponsorship 1823–32 but it will never be completed.[1]
- Karl Feuerbach describes the nine-point circle of a triangle.[2]
- William Farish of the University of Cambridge publishes a systematization of the rules for isometric drawing.[3][4][5]
Medicine- United States Army surgeon William Beaumont pioneers human gastric endoscopy on Alexis St. Martin.[6]
Physics- Navier–Stokes equations in fluid dynamics first formulated.
Technology- May 23 – HMS Comet launched at Deptford Dockyard in the United Kingdom, the first steamboat commissioned by the Royal Navy.
- June 10 – The Aaron Manby crosses the English Channel, making her the first seagoing iron steamboat.
- French civil engineer Louis Vicat completes construction of a concrete viaduct across the Dordogne at Souillac, Lot.[7]
Events- September 11 – Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632) is permitted by the Roman Catholic Church to be published.
Awards- June 12 – Edward Banks knighted, the first such honour for work in civil engineering.[8]
- Copley Medal: William Buckland
Births- January 2 – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist (died 1888)
- January 6 – Heinrich Schliemann, German archaeologist (died 1890)
- January 12 – Étienne Lenoir, Belgian mechanical engineer (died 1900)
- February 16 – Sir Francis Galton, English explorer, biologist (died 1911)
- April 18 – August Heinrich Petermann, German cartographer (died 1878)
- June 10 – Lydia White Shattuck, American botanist (died 1889)
- July 22 – Gregor Mendel, Silesian geneticist (died 1884)
- October 13 (O.S. October 1) – Lev Tsenkovsky, Polish-Ukrainian biologist (died 1887)
- December 27 – Louis Pasteur, French biologist (died 1895)
Deaths- January 21 – Marie-Aimée Lullin, Swiss entomologist (born 1751)
- February 23 – Johann Matthäus Bechstein, German naturalist (born 1757)
- June 23 – René Just Haüy, French mineralogist (born 1743)
- August 13 – Jean-Robert Argand, Swiss-born mathematician (born 1768)
- August 25 – William Herschel, German-born British astronomer (born 1738)
- November 6 – Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (born 1748)
References1. ^{{cite book|first=Anthony|last=Hyman|title=Charles Babbage: pioneer of the computer|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1982|isbn=0-19-858170-X|page=51ff}}
2. ^{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas You Really Need to Know|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8|page=85}}
3. ^{{cite journal|first=William|last=Farish|title=On Isometrical Perspective|journal=Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society|volume=1|year=1822|pages=1–19|url=http://dbooks.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/books/PDFs/N12657793.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2012-05-29}}
4. ^{{cite book|first=Barclay G.|last=Jones|year=1986|title=Protecting historic architecture and museum collections from natural disasters|location=Ann Arbor|publisher=University of Michigan|isbn=0-409-90035-4|page=243}}
5. ^{{cite book|first=Charles Edmund|last=Moorhouse|year=1974|title=Visual messages: graphic communication for senior students}}
6. ^{{cite book|last=Beaumont|first=William|last2=Combe|first2=Andrew|authorlink2=Andrew Combe|title=Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and the Physiology of Digestion|publisher=MacLachlan & Stewart|location=Edinburgh|year=1838|edition=reprint|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6F4_9joRkgC|isbn=0-486-69213-2|accessdate=6 September 2010}}
7. ^{{cite book|title=Chronologie scientifique, technologique et économique de la France|first1=Danièle|last1=Clermontel|first2=Jean-Claude|last2=Clermontel|location=Paris|publisher=Publibook|year=2009|page=241}}
8. ^{{cite web|first=M. H.|last=Port|title=Banks, Sir Edward (1770–1835)|work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1294|accessdate=2010-10-31|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/1294}} {{ODNBsub}}
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