| 词条 | John II of Castile |
| 释义 |
| name = John II | image = | caption = Tomb of John II in the Miraflores Charterhouse | succession = King of Castile and León | reign = {{nowrap|25 December 1406 – 20 July 1454}} | predecessor = Henry III | successor = Henry IV | spouse = Maria of Aragon Isabella of Portugal | issue = Catherine, Princess of Asturias Eleanor, Princess of Asturias Henry IV, King of Castile Isabella I, Queen of Castile Alfonso, Prince of Asturias | issue-link = #Family and children | issue-pipe = among others... | house = Trastámara | father = Henry III, King of Castile | mother = Catherine of Lancaster | birth_date = 6 March 1405 | birth_place = Toro, Zamora | death_date = {{Death date and age|1454|07|20|1405|03|06|df=yes}} | death_place = Valladolid | burial_date = | burial_place = Miraflores Charterhouse | religion = Roman Catholic }} John II of Castile ({{lang-es|link=no|Juan}}; 6 March 1405 – 20 July 1454) was King of Castile and León from 1406 to 1454. RegencyJohn was the son of King Henry III and his wife, Catherine of Lancaster. His mother was the granddaughter of King Peter, who was ousted by Henry III's grandfather, King Henry II. John succeeded his father on 25 December 1406, and united in his person the claims of both Peter and Henry II. His mother and his uncle, King Ferdinand I of Aragon, were co-regents during his minority. When Ferdinand I died in 1416, his mother governed alone until her death in 1418. Personal ruleJohn II's reign, lasting 48 years, was one of the longest in Castilian history, but John himself was not a particularly capable monarch. He spent his time verse-making, hunting, and holding tournaments. His favourite, Álvaro de Luna, heavily influenced him until his second wife, Isabella of Portugal, obtained control of his feeble will. At her instigation, he dismissed his faithful and able servant, an act which is said to have caused him much remorse. John II's Regents declared the Valladolid laws in 1411, which restricted the social activity of Jews. Among the most notable of the provisions were outlining that Jews must wear distinctive clothes and banned them from holding administrative positions. However, once John took control of the throne for himself in 1418, he (though likely influenced politically by de Luna) reversed such ordinances, favoring instead a more tolerant attitude toward the already battered Jewish population of Castile following the mass wave of conversions between 1391-1415. In 1431, John placed Yusuf IV on the throne as the Sultan of Granada in the Moorish Emirate of Granada, in exchange for tribute and vassal status to Castile. This exchange is depicted in the short ballad the Romance of Abenamar. He was "[T]all and handsome, fair-skinned and slightly ruddy... his hair was the color of a very mature hazelnut, the nose a little snub, the eyes between green and blue... he had very graceful legs and feet and hands."[1] John II was the single largest contributor to the continuing construction of the Alcázar of Segovia and built the "New Tower" known today as the "Tower of John II". John II died on July 20, 1454 at Valladolid. Family and childrenIn 1418, John married Maria of Aragon, the oldest daughter of his paternal uncle, Ferdinand I of Aragon. The marriage produced four children:
Of all their children, only the future Henry IV of Castile survived infancy. John was widowed in 1445 and remarried to Isabella of Portugal, daughter of Infante John of Portugal, with whom he had two children:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. John II of Castile |2= 2. Henry III, King of Castile |3= 3. Catherine of Lancaster |4= 4. John I, King of Castile |5= 5. Eleanor of Aragon |6= 6. John, 1st Duke of Lancaster |7= 7. Constance of Castile |8= 8. Henry II, King of Castile |9= 9. Joan of Castile |10= 10. Peter IV, King of Aragon |11= 11. Eleanor of Sicily |12= 12. Edward III, King of England |13= 13. Philippa of Hainault |14= 14. Peter, King of Castile |15= 15. María de Padilla }} Notes1. ^From 'Crónica de Juan II' by Lorenza Galindez de Carvajal (1517) References{{Commons category}}
22 : Castilian monarchs|House of Trastámara|1405 births|1454 deaths|15th-century Castilian monarchs|15th-century monarchs in Europe|Castilian infantes|Galician monarchs|Leonese monarchs|Medieval child rulers|Grand Masters of the Order of Santiago|Princes of Asturias|Burials at Miraflores Charterhouse|People from the Province of Zamora|Spanish Roman Catholics|Spanish people of English descent|Spanish people of Italian descent|Spanish people of Portuguese descent|Spanish people of French descent|Roman Catholic monarchs|15th-century Spanish people|15th century in Al-Andalus |
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