“National Assembly (Slovenia)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The National Assembly ({{lang-sl|Državni zbor Republike Slovenije}}, {{IPA-sl|dəɾˈʒàːwni ˈzbɔ́ɾ ɾɛˈpúːblikɛ slɔˈʋèːnijɛ|pron}}^[2] or {{IPA-sl|-ˈzbɔ̀ːɾ-|}};^[2] Slovene abbreviation DZ), is the general representative body of Slovenia. According to the Constitution of Slovenia and the Constitutional Court of Slovenia, it is the major part of the distinctively incompletely bicameral Slovenian Parliament, the legislative branch of the Republic of Slovenia.^[3]^[4] It is unicameral. It has 90 members, elected for a four-year term. 88 members are elected using the party-list proportional representation system and the remaining two, using the Borda count, by the Hungarian and Italian-speaking ethnic minorities, who have an absolute veto in matters concerning their ethnic groups.

Legislative procedure

Bills are usually passed with the majority of the present MPs. If the Constitution demands a two-thirds majority (laws regulating electoral systems, referendums and constitutional laws which amend the Constitution) then at least 60 MPs have to vote for the bill to pass it.

Regular legislative procedure

First reading

The first reading is completed with passing the bill to the MPs by the Speaker, unless 10 MPs request a session of the assembly within 15 days to discuss reasons why bill was submitted.

If the session is held, assembly must vote on the resolution if the bill is appropriate for a further procedure.

Speaker determines a working body that will discuss the bill in the furder procedure. Other bodies can also discuss the bill if there is such interest, however they cannot vote on it.

Second reading

During the second reading bill is first discussed by the working body that can amend the bill and make a report on the bill which is the basis for the plenary of assembly. Working body discusses and votes on each article of the bill. Assembly later votes and discusses only the articles that were amended during the session of the working body.

Assembly and working body can accept a resolution that the bill is not appropriate for a furder procedure if not such resolution was accepted during the first reading.

Third reading

In the third reading working body and assembly vote on the bill as a whole. If it is accepted the bill is sent to the President to sign it.

Shortened legislative procedure

During shortened legislative procedure there is no first reading and the second and third readings are held at the same session.

It can be applied for a bills that regulate minor matters, another law is abolished with the bill, if national laws have to be harmonised with Acquis communautaire or when bill regulates procedures before the Constitutional Court or Constitutional Court order changes of the laws.

Urgent legislative procedure

Bill can be passed under urgent procedure if it is important for the security or defence of the country, if it is addressing the consequences of natural disasters or it is proposed to prevent irreversible consequences for the country.

There is no first reading, the second and third readings are held at the same session, amendments to the bill can be given orally and timeline of the procedure is shorter.

Demand for new vote on the law

When the bill is passed, National Council can demand that National Assembly votes again on the bill. Higher majority is needed to pass the bill in the new vote.

List of Speakers of the National Assembly

Electoral system

The 90 members of the National Assembly are elected by two methods. 88 are elected by open list proportional representation in eight 11-seat constituencies and seats are allocated to the parties at the constituency level using the Droop quota. The elected Deputies are identified by ranking all of a party's candidates in a constituency by the percentage of votes they received in their district. The seats that remain unallocated are allocated to the parties at the national level using the d'Hondt method with an electoral threshold of 4%.^[5] Although the country is divided into 88 electoral districts, deputies are not elected from all 88 districts. More than one deputy is elected in some districts, which results in some districts not having an elected deputy (for instance, 21 of 88 electoral districts did not have an elected deputy in the 2014 elections).^[6] Parties must have at least 35% of their lists from each gender, except in cases where there are only three candidates. For these lists, there must be at least one candidate of each gender.^[7]^[8]

Two additional deputies are elected by the Italian and Hungarian minorities. Voters rank all of the candidates on the ballot paper using numbers (1 being highest priority). A candidate is awarded the most points (equal to the number of candidates on the ballot paper) when a voter ranks them first. The candidate with most points wins.^[9]^[5]

Latest election

Elections of the representatives of national minorities

Italian national minority

Hungarian national minority

Mandates

Members

Notes

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=Slovenia's center-left coalition nominates Marjan Sarec for PM |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-slovenia-politics/slovenias-center-left-coalition-nominates-marjan-sarec-for-pm-idUSKBN1KT1BG |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=11 August 2018 |date=8 August 2018}}
2. ^¹{{cite web|title=Slovenski pravopis 2001: Državni zbor Republike Slovenije|url=http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/c/SP/neva.exe?name=sp&expression=Dr%C5%BEavni+zbor+Republike+Slovenije&hs=1}}
3. ^{{cite news |url=http://odlocitve.us-rs.si/usrs/us-odl.nsf/o/91B69BBC50349012C12574F2004123EB |title=U-I-295/07-8 |date=22 October 2008 |accessdate=16 December 2010 |language=Slovenian |publisher=Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia}}
4. ^{{cite book |url=http://dk.fdv.uni-lj.si/dela/Lakota-Igor.PDF |title=Sistem nepopolne dvodomnosti v slovenskem parlamentu (diplomska naloga) |trans-title=The System of Incomplete Bicameralism in the Slovenian Parliament (diploma thesis) |page=62 |first=Igor |last=Lakota |year=2006 |publisher=Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana |language=Slovenian |quote=Opinions differ, however the majority of domestic experts agree that the National Council may be regarded as the upper house, but the bicameralism is distinctively incomplete.}}
5. ^¹National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia State Election Commission
6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.vecer.com/imamo-sploh-legalno-volilno-zakonodajo-za-drzavni-zbor-6343369|title=Imamo sploh legalno volilno zakonodajo za državni zbor?|work=Časnik Večer d.o.o.|access-date=2018-03-18|language=sl-si}}
7. ^Electoral system IPU
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://pisrs.si/|title=Zakon o volitvah v državni zbor (ZVDZ)|website=pisrs|access-date=2018-03-17}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dvk-rs.si/index.php/si/strani/navodila-in-rokovnik-dz-2018|title=Navodila in rokovnik - DZ 2018 {{!}} Državna volilna komisija|website=Državna volilna komisija|access-date=2018-06-16}}