“Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe

释义

Commissioners
Historical leadership
United States Code Reference
References
External links

The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), also known as the U.S. Helsinki Commission, is an independent U.S. government agency created by Congress in 1975 to monitor and encourage compliance with the Helsinki Final Act and other Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) commitments. It was initiated by House representative Millicent Fenwick ^[1]and established in 1975 pursuant to Public Law No. 94-304 and is based at the Ford House Office Building.

The Commission consists of nine members from the U.S. House of Representatives, nine members from the United States Senate, and one member each from the Departments of State, Defense, and Commerce. The positions of Chairman and Co-Chairman are shared by the House and Senate and rotate every two years, when a new Congress convenes. A professional staff assists the Commissioners in their work.

The Commission contributes to the formulation of U.S. policy toward the OSCE and the participating states and takes part in its execution, including through Member and staff participation on official U.S. delegations to OSCE meetings and in certain OSCE bodies. Members of the Commission have regular contact with parliamentarians, government officials, NGOs, and private individuals from other OSCE participating states.

The Commission convenes public hearings and briefings with expert witnesses on OSCE-related issues; issues public reports concerning implementation of OSCE commitments in participating States; publishes a periodic Digest with up-to-date information on OSCE developments and Commission activities; and organizes official delegations to participating States and OSCE meetings to address and assess democratic, economic, and human rights developments firsthand.

In February 2018, the CSCE convened in Washington, DC to address the issue of Russian doping in international sport. Central to the discussion was an exploration of the need to protect whistle-blowers. The meeting included testimony from Jim Walden^[2], attorney for Dr. Grigory Rodchenkov, the former head of Russia's anti-doping laboratory.^[3]

Commissioners

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Roger Wicker, Mississippi, Co-Chair John Boozman, Arkansas Cory Gardner, Colorado Marco Rubio, Florida Thom Tillis, North Carolina	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Ranking Member Jeanne Shaheen, New Hampshire Tom Udall, New Mexico Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island
House members	Alcee Hastings, Florida, Chair Steve Cohen, Tennessee Sheila Jackson Lee, Texas Gwen Moore, Wisconsin Vacant	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Vice Ranking Member Bob Aderholt, Alabama Michael Burgess, Texas Richard Hudson, North Carolina
Executive Branch	Vacant, Department of Commerce Vacant, Department of Defense Vacant, Department of State

Historical membership

Commissioners, 115th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Roger Wicker, Mississippi, Chair John Boozman, Arkansas Cory Gardner, Colorado Marco Rubio, Florida Thom Tillis, North Carolina	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Vice Ranking Member Jeanne Shaheen, New Hampshire Tom Udall, New Mexico Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island
House members	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Co-Chair Bob Aderholt, Alabama Michael Burgess, Texas Randy Hultgren, Illinois Richard Hudson, North Carolina	Alcee Hastings, Florida, Ranking Member Steve Cohen, Tennessee Sheila Jackson Lee, Texas Gwen Moore, Wisconsin
Executive Branch	Vacant, Department of Commerce Vacant, Department of Defense Vacant, Department of State

Commissioners, 114th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Roger Wicker, Mississippi, Co-Chair John Boozman, Arkansas Richard Burr, North Carolina 2 vacant	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Ranking Member Jeanne Shaheen, New Hampshire Tom Udall, New Mexico Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island
House members	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Chair Bob Aderholt, Alabama Michael Burgess, Texas Randy Hultgren, Illinois Joe Pitts, Pennsylvania	Alcee Hastings, Florida, Vice Ranking Member Steve Cohen, Tennessee Alan Grayson, Florida Louise Slaughter, New York
Executive Branch	Arun Kumar, Department of Commerce Elissa Slotkin, Department of Defense Vacant, Department of State

Commissioners, 113th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Chair Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Tom Udall, New Mexico Jeanne Shaheen, New Hampshire Dick Blumenthal, Connecticut	Roger Wicker, Mississippi, Vice Ranking Member Saxby Chambliss, Georgia John Boozman, Arkansas 1 vacant
House members	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Co-Chair Joe Pitts, Pennsylvania Bob Aderholt, Alabama Phil Gingrey, Georgia Michael Burgess, Texas	Alcee Hastings, Florida, Ranking Member Louise Slaughter, New York Mike McIntyre, North Carolina Steve Cohen, Tennessee
Executive Branch	Vacant, Department of Commerce Alexander Vershbow, Department of Defense {{small\|(until July 2013)}} Michael Posner, Department of State {{small\|(until March 2013)}}

Commissioners, 112th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Co-Chair Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Tom Udall, New Mexico Jeanne Shaheen, New Hampshire Dick Blumenthal, Connecticut	Roger Wicker, Mississippi, Ranking Member Saxby Chambliss, Georgia Kelly Ayotte, New Hampshire Marco Rubio, Florida
House members	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Chair Joe Pitts, Pennsylvania Bob Aderholt, Alabama Phil Gingrey, Georgia Michael Burgess, Texas	Alcee Hastings, Florida, Vice Ranking Member Louise Slaughter, New York Mike McIntyre, North Carolina Steve Cohen, Tennessee
Executive Branch	Michael Camuñez, Department of Commerce {{small\|(until February 2012)}} Alexander Vershbow, Department of Defense Michael Posner, Department of State

Commissioners, 111th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Chair Chris Dodd, Connecticut Jeanne Shaheen, New Hampshire Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island Tom Udall, New Mexico	Sam Brownback, Kansas, Vice Ranking Member Saxby Chambliss, Georgia Richard Burr, North Carolina Roger Wicker, Mississippi
House members	Alcee Hastings, Florida, Co-Chair Ed Markey, Massachusetts Louise Slaughter, New York Mike McIntyre, North Carolina G. K. Butterfield, North Carolina	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Ranking Member Joe Pitts, Pennsylvania Bob Aderholt, Alabama Darrell Issa, California
Executive Branch	Vacant, Department of Commerce Alexander Vershbow, Department of Defense Michael Posner, Department of State

Commissioners, 110th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Co-Chair Russ Feingold, Wisconsin Chris Dodd, Connecticut Hillary Clinton, New York John Kerry, Massachusetts	Sam Brownback, Kansas, Ranking Member Gordon Smith, Oregon Saxby Chambliss, Georgia Richard Burr, North Carolina
House members	Alcee Hastings, Florida, Chair Louise Slaughter, New York Mike McIntyre, North Carolina Hilda Solis, California G. K. Butterfield, North Carolina	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Vice Ranking Member Bob Aderholt, Alabama Joe Pitts, Pennsylvania Mike Pence, Indiana
Executive Branch	David Bohigian, Department of Commerce Mary Beth Long, Department of Defense David Kramer, Department of State

Commissioners, 109th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Sam Brownback, Kansas, Chair Richard Burr, North Carolina Saxby Chambliss, Georgia Gordon Smith, Oregon David Vitter, Louisiana	Hillary Clinton, New York, Vice Ranking Member Chris Dodd, Connecticut Russ Feingold, Wisconsin Vacant
House members	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Co-Chair Bob Aderholt, Alabama Mike Pence, Indiana Joe Pitts, Pennsylvania Frank Wolf, Virginia	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Ranking Member Alcee Hastings, Florida Louise Slaughter, New York Mike McIntyre, North Carolina
Executive Branch	Vacant, Department of Commerce Vacant, Department of Defense Vacant, Department of State

Commissioners, 108th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Ben Campbell, Colorado, Co-Chair Sam Brownback, Kansas Saxby Chambliss, Georgia Kay Bailey Hutchison, Texas Gordon Smith, Oregon	Hillary Clinton, New York, Ranking Member Chris Dodd, Connecticut Russ Feingold, Wisconsin Bob Graham, Florida
House members	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Chair Bob Aderholt, Alabama Anne Northup, Kentucky Joe Pitts, Pennsylvania Frank Wolf, Virginia	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Vice Ranking Member Alcee Hastings, Florida Louise Slaughter, New York Mike McIntyre, North Carolina
Executive Branch	Vacant, Department of Commerce Vacant, Department of Defense Vacant, Department of State

Commissioners, 107th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Ben Campbell, Colorado, Chair Sam Brownback, Kansas Kay Bailey Hutchison, Texas Gordon Smith, Oregon George Voinovich, Ohio	Hillary Clinton, New York, Vice Ranking Member Chris Dodd, Connecticut Russ Feingold, Wisconsin Bob Graham, Florida
House members	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Co-Chair Bob Aderholt, Alabama Joe Pitts, Pennsylvania Zach Wamp, Tennessee Frank Wolf, Virginia	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Ranking Member Alcee Hastings, Florida Steny Hoyer, Maryland Louise Slaughter, New York
Executive Branch	William Lash, Department of Commerce Jack Crouch, Department of Defense Lorne Craner, Department of State

Commissioners, 106th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Ben Campbell, Colorado, Co-Chair Spencer Abraham, Michigan Sam Brownback, Kansas Tim Hutchinson, Arkansas Kay Bailey Hutchison, Texas	Chris Dodd, Connecticut, Ranking Member Russ Feingold, Wisconsin Bob Graham, Florida Frank Lautenberg, New Jersey
House members	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Chair Michael Forbes, New York Jim Greenwood, Pennsylvania Matt Salmon, Arizona Frank Wolf, Virginia Joe Pitts, Pennsylvania	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Vice Ranking Member Steny Hoyer, Maryland Ed Markey, Massachusetts Louise Slaughter, New York
Executive Branch	Patrick Mulloy, Department of Commerce Edward Wagner, Department of Defense Harold Koh, Department of State

Commissioners, 105th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Al D'Amato, New York, Chair Spencer Abraham, Michigan Conrad Burns, Montana Ben Campbell, Colorado Olympia Snowe, Maine	Russ Feingold, Wisconsin, Vice Ranking Member Bob Graham, Florida Frank Lautenberg, New Jersey Harry Reid, Nevada
House members	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Co-Chair Jon Christensen, Nebraska John Porter, Illinois Matt Salmon, Arizona Frank Wolf, Virginia	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Ranking Member Steny Hoyer, Maryland Ed Markey, Massachusetts Louise Slaughter, New York
Executive Branch	Vacant, Department of Commerce Ash Carter, Department of Defense John Shattuck, Department of State

Commissioners, 104th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Al D'Amato, New York, Co-Chair Spencer Abraham, Michigan Ben Campbell, Colorado Dirk Kempthorne, Idaho Rick Santorum, Pennsylvania	Russ Feingold, Wisconsin, Ranking Member Bob Graham, Florida Frank Lautenberg, New Jersey Harry Reid, Nevada
House members	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Chair David Funderburk, North Carolina John Porter, Illinois Matt Salmon, Arizona Frank Wolf, Virginia	Ben Cardin, Maryland, Vice Ranking Member Steny Hoyer, Maryland Ed Markey, Massachusetts Bill Richardson, New Mexico
Executive Branch	Charles Meissner, Department of Commerce Ash Carter, Department of Defense John Shattuck, Department of State

Commissioners, 103rd Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Dennis DeConcini, Arizona, Chair Bob Graham, Florida Frank Lautenberg, New Jersey Barbara Mikulski, Maryland Harry Reid, Nevada	Al D'Amato, New York, Vice Ranking Member Chuck Grassley, Iowa Connie Mack, Florida Arlen Specter, Pennsylvania
House members	Steny Hoyer, Maryland, Co-Chair Ben Cardin, Maryland Ed Markey, Massachusetts Frank McCloskey, Indiana Bill Richardson, New Mexico	Chris Smith, New Jersey, Ranking Member Hamilton Fish, New York John Porter, Illinois Frank Wolf, Virginia
Executive Branch	Charles Meissner, Department of Commerce Ash Carter, Department of Defense John Shattuck, Department of State

Commissioners, 102nd Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Dennis DeConcini, Arizona, Co-Chair Wyche Fowler, Georgia Frank Lautenberg, New Jersey Harry Reid, Nevada Tim Wirth, Colorado	Al D'Amato, New York, Ranking Member Larry Craig, Idaho John Heinz, Pennsylvania {{small\|(until April 1991)}} Arlen Specter, Pennsylvania {{small\|(from April 1991)}} 1 vacant
House members	Steny Hoyer, Maryland, Chair Dante Fascell, Florida Ed Feighan, Ohio Ed Markey, Massachusetts Bill Richardson, New Mexico	John Porter, Illinois, Vice Ranking Member Don Ritter, Pennsylvania Chris Smith, New Jersey Frank Wolf, Virginia
Executive Branch	William Fritts, Department of Commerce Stephen Hadley, Department of Defense Patricia Diaz Dennis, Department of State

Commissioners, 101st Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Dennis DeConcini, Arizona, Chair Wyche Fowler, Georgia Frank Lautenberg, New Jersey Harry Reid, Nevada Tim Wirth, Colorado	Al D'Amato, New York, Vice Ranking Member John Heinz, Pennsylvania James McClure, Idaho Malcolm Wallop, Wyoming
House members	Steny Hoyer, Maryland, Co-Chair Dante Fascell, Florida Ed Feighan, Ohio Ed Markey, Massachusetts Bill Richardson, New Mexico	John Porter, Illinois, Ranking Member Don Ritter, Pennsylvania Chris Smith, New Jersey Frank Wolf, Virginia
Executive Branch	William Fritts, Department of Commerce Stephen Hadley, Department of Defense Patricia Diaz Dennis, Department of State

Commissioners, 100th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Dennis DeConcini, Arizona, Co-Chair Wyche Fowler, Georgia Frank Lautenberg, New Jersey Harry Reid, Nevada Tim Wirth, Colorado	Al D'Amato, New York, Ranking Member John Heinz, Pennsylvania James McClure, Idaho Malcolm Wallop, Wyoming
House members	Steny Hoyer, Maryland, Chair Dante Fascell, Florida Ed Feighan, Ohio Ed Markey, Massachusetts Bill Richardson, New Mexico	Jack Kemp, New York, Vice Ranking Member John Porter, Illinois Don Ritter, Pennsylvania Chris Smith, New Jersey
Executive Branch	Louis Laun, Department of Commerce Ronald Lehman, Department of Defense Richard Schifter, Department of State

Commissioners, 99th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Al D'Amato, New York, Chair John Heinz, Pennsylvania Gordon Humphrey, New Hampshire James McClure, Idaho Malcolm Wallop, Wyoming	Dennis DeConcini, Arizona, Vice Ranking Member Pat Leahy, Vermont Russell Long, Louisiana Claiborne Pell, Rhode Island
House members	Steny Hoyer, Maryland, Co-Chair Dante Fascell, Florida Ed Markey, Massachusetts Tim Wirth, Colorado Sidney Yates, Illinois	Jack Kemp, New York, Ranking Member John Porter, Illinois Don Ritter, Pennsylvania Chris Smith, New Jersey
Executive Branch	Vacant, Department of Commerce Richard Perle, Department of Defense Richard Schifter, Department of State

Commissioners, 98th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Dennis DeConcini, Arizona, Co-Chair Pat Leahy, Vermont Claiborne Pell, Rhode Island 2 vacant	Al D'Amato, New York, Ranking Member Orrin Hatch, Utah John Heinz, Pennsylvania 1 vacant
House members	Dante Fascell, Florida, Chair Sidney Yates, Illinois Tim Wirth, Colorado Ed Markey, Massachusetts 1 vacant	Don Ritter, Pennsylvania, Vice Ranking Member Chris Smith, New Jersey 2 vacant
Executive Branch	Alfred Kingon, Department of Commerce Richard Perle, Department of Defense Elliott Abrams, Department of State

Commissioners, 97th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Bob Dole, Kansas, Co-Chair Al D'Amato, New York Orrin Hatch, Utah John Heinz, Pennsylvania 1 vacant	Pat Leahy, Vermont, Ranking Member Claiborne Pell, Rhode Island 2 vacant
House members	Dante Fascell, Florida, Chair Jonathan Bingham, New York Tim Wirth, Colorado Sidney Yates, Illinois 1 vacant	Millicent Fenwick, New Jersey, Vice Ranking Member Don Ritter, Pennsylvania 2 vacant
Executive Branch	William Morris, Department of Commerce Richard Perle, Department of Defense Stephen Palmer, Department of State {{small\|(until May 1981)}} Elliott Abrams, Department of State {{small\|(from May 1981)}}

Commissioners, 96th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Claiborne Pell, Rhode Island, Co-Chair Pat Leahy, Vermont George McGovern, South Dakota Richard Stone, Florida 1 vacant	Bob Dole, Kansas, Ranking Member Jacob Javits, New York 2 vacant
House members	Dante Fascell, Florida, Chair Jonathan Bingham, New York Paul Simon, Illinois Sidney Yates, Illinois 1 vacant	John Buchanan, Alabama Vice Ranking Member Millicent Fenwick, New Jersey 2 vacant
Executive Branch	Herta Seidman, Department of Commerce David McGiffert, Department of Defense Patt Derian, Department of State

Commissioners, 95th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Claiborne Pell, Rhode Island, Co-Chair Dick Clark, Iowa Pat Leahy, Vermont Richard Stone, Florida 1 vacant	Clifford Case, New Jersey, Ranking Member Bob Dole, Kansas 2 vacant
House members	Dante Fascell, Florida, Chair Jonathan Bingham, New York Paul Simon, Illinois Sidney Yates, Illinois 1 vacant	John Buchanan, Alabama Vice Ranking Member Millicent Fenwick, New Jersey 2 vacant
Executive Branch	Frank Weil, Department of Commerce David McGiffert, Department of Defense Patt Derian, Department of State

Commissioners, 94th Congress

Majority	Minority
Senate members	Claiborne Pell, Rhode Island, Co-Chair Dick Clark, Iowa Pat Leahy, Vermont Richard Stone, Florida 1 vacant	Clifford Case, New Jersey, Ranking Member James Buckley, New York 2 vacant
House members	Dante Fascell, Florida, Chair Jonathan Bingham, New York Paul Simon, Illinois Sidney Yates, Illinois 1 vacant	John Buchanan, Alabama Vice Ranking Member Millicent Fenwick, New Jersey 2 vacant
Executive Branch	Mansfield Sprague, Department of Commerce James Poor, Department of Defense Monroe Leigh, Department of State

Historical leadership

Term start	Term end	Chair	Co-Chair	Ranking Member	Vice Ranking Member
1976	1979	Rep. Dante Fascell (D-FL)	Sen. Claiborne Pell (D-RI)	Sen. Clifford Case (R-NJ)	Rep. John Buchanan (R-AL)
1979	1981		Sen. Claiborne Pell (D-RI)	Sen. Bob Dole (R-KS)	Rep. John Buchanan (R-AL)
1981	1983		Sen. Bob Dole (R-KS)	Sen. Pat Leahy (D-VT)	Rep. Millicent Fenwick (R-NJ)
1983	1985		Sen. Dennis DeConcini (D-AZ)	Sen. Al D'Amato (R-NY)	Rep. Don Ritter (R-PA)
1985	1987	Sen. Al D'Amato (R-NY)	Rep. Steny Hoyer (D-MD)	Rep. Jack Kemp (R-NY)	Sen. Dennis DeConcini (D-AZ)
1987	1989	Rep. Steny Hoyer (D-MD)	Sen. Dennis DeConcini (D-AZ)	Sen. Al D'Amato (R-NY)	Rep. Jack Kemp (R-NY)
1989	1991	Sen. Dennis DeConcini (D-AZ)	Rep. Steny Hoyer (D-MD)	Rep. John Porter (R-IL)	Sen. Al D'Amato (R-NY)
1991	1993	Rep. Steny Hoyer (D-MD)	Sen. Dennis DeConcini (D-AZ)	Sen. Al D'Amato (R-NY)	Rep. John Porter (R-IL)
1993	1995	Sen. Dennis DeConcini (D-AZ)	Rep. Steny Hoyer (D-MD)	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Sen. Al D'Amato (R-NY)
1995	1997	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Sen. Al D'Amato (R-NY)	Sen. Russ Feingold (D-WI)	Rep. Ben Cardin (D-MD)
1997	1999	Sen. Al D'Amato (R-NY)	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Rep. Ben Cardin (D-MD)	Sen. Russ Feingold (D-WI)
1999	2001	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Sen. Ben Campbell (R-CO)	Sen. Chris Dodd (D-CT)	Rep. Ben Cardin (D-MD)
2001	2003	Sen. Ben Campbell (R-CO)	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Rep. Ben Cardin (D-MD)	Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-NY)
2003	2005	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Sen. Ben Campbell (R-CO)	Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-NY)	Rep. Ben Cardin (D-MD)
2005	2007	Sen. Sam Brownback (R-KS)	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Rep. Ben Cardin (D-MD)	Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-NY)
2007	2009	Rep. Alcee Hastings (D-FL)	Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD)	Sen. Sam Brownback (R-KS)	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)
2009	2011	Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD)	Rep. Alcee Hastings (D-FL)	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Sen. Sam Brownback (R-KS)
2011	2013	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD)	Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS)	Rep. Alcee Hastings (D-FL)
2013	2015	Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD)	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Rep. Alcee Hastings (D-FL)	Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS)
2015	2017	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS)	Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD)	Rep. Alcee Hastings (D-FL)
2017	2019	Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS)	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)	Rep. Alcee Hastings (D-FL)	Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD)
2019	present	Rep. Alcee Hastings (D-FL)	Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS)	Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD)	Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ)

United States Code Reference

Title 22, Chapter 45

Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110203165414/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/22C45.txt]. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe; establishment

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110203165414/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/22C45.txt]. Function and duties of Commission

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110203165414/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/22C45.txt]. Commission membership

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110203165414/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/22C45.txt]. Testimony of witnesses, production of evidence; issuance of subpoena; administration of oaths

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110203165414/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/22C45.txt]. Report relating to Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110203165414/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/22C45.txt]. Commission report to Congress; periodic reports; expenditure of appropriations

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110203165414/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/22C45.txt]. Appropriations for Commission

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110203165414/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/22C45.txt]. Commission staff

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110203165414/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/22C45.txt]. Printing and binding costs

References

1. ^{{cite book |last1=Crump |first1=Thomas |title=Brezhnev and the Decline of the Soviet Union |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415690737 |pages=154}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?441528-1/attorney-speaks-russias-doping-program|title=Attorney Speaks Russia's Doping Program, Feb 22 2018 {{!}} Video {{!}} C-SPAN.org|website=C-SPAN.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-02-23}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1061594/independent-us-government-agency-to-hold-hearing-on-russian-doping-scandal|title=Independent US Government agency to hold hearing on Russian doping scandal|date=17 February 2018|accessdate=2018-02-23}}

External links

Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe

4 : United States federal boards, commissions, and committees|Foreign relations of the United States|Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|1975 establishments in the United States

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