| 词条 | Hakkâri |
| 释义 |
| name = Hakkâri |native_name = ܐܲܟܵܪܹ̈ܐ Akkārē |settlement_type = Municipality | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_shield = | pushpin_map = Turkey | coordinates = {{coord|37|34|35|N|43|44|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Turkey | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Hakkâri | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | leader_party = BDP | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Dilek Hatipoğlu | leader_title1 = Kaymakam | leader_name1 = | area_footnotes = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}} | area_blank1_title = District | area_blank1_km2 = {{Turkey district areas|Hakkâri|Hakkâri}} | elevation_m = 1720 | population_footnotes = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Hakkâri}} | population_urban = {{Turkey district populations|Hakkâri|Hakkâri|şehir}} | population_as_of = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}} | population_blank1_title = District | population_blank1 = {{Turkey district populations|Hakkâri|Hakkâri|toplam}} | population_density_blank1_km2 = auto | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | website = }} Hakkâri ({{lang-syr|ܗܲܟܵܐܪܝ̣}} Hakkārī, {{lang-arm|Ջոլամերիկ}} Jolamerk, {{lang-ku|Colemêrg}}), is a city and the capital of the Hakkâri Province of Turkey. It is located a few kilometres away from the Turkish - Iraqi border.The name Hakkâri is derived from the Syriac word ܐܲܟܵܪܹ̈ܐ ({{transl|syr|Akkārē}}) meaning farmers or cultivators. The population of the city at the 2010 census was 57,844.{{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}} HistoryHubushkia{{Main|Hubushkia}}Hubushkia was an Iron Age kingdom located between the Urartian and Assyrian sphere of influence. The exact location of Hubushkia is unknown, but scholars suggests that the kingdom of Hubushkia was centred on the headwaters of the Great Zap River, in what is now Hakkâri Province in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey.[1] In its long history, the region has come under the rule of the Kardukh, Gutian, Kassite, Hurrian, Mitanni, Urartian, Nayiri, Median and Persian civilizations.[2] Hakkari kurgan stelaeThirteen Kurgan stelae, never before seen in Anatolia or the Near East, were found in 1998 in their original location at the centre of Hakkari. The stelae were carved on upright flagstone-like slabs measuring between 0.7 m to 3.10 m in height. The stones contain only one cut surface, upon which human figures are chiseled. The theme of each stele reveals the foreview of an upper human body. The legs are not represented. Eleven of the stelae depict naked warriors with daggers, spears, and axes—masculine symbols of war. They always hold a drinking vessel made of skin in both hands. Two stelae contain female figures without arms. The stelae may have been carved by different craftsmen using different techniques. Stylistic differences shift from bas relief to a more systematic linearity. The earliest stelae are in the style of bas relief while the latest ones are in a linear style. They were made during a period from the fifteenth century BC to the eleventh century BC in Hakkari. Stelae with this type of relief are not common in the ancient Near East however there are many close parallels between these and those produced by a variety of peoples from the Eurasian steppes between the third millennium BC and the eleventh century AD.[3] GenocideAbout 20,000 to 30,000 Assyrians in the area were killed by the Kurds and Turks,[4] during the Assyrian Genocide.[5] The majority of the Assyrian affected by the massacres were adherents of the Assyrian Church of the East (often dubbed incorrectly Nestorian), who have originally inhabited the mountainous Hakkari and Barwari regions covering parts of the modern provinces of the Hakkâri, Şırnak and Van in Turkey and Dohuk in Iraq, with a population ranging between 75,000 and 150,000.[6][7] Most of these Assyrians were massacred during the Genocide of 1915. The rest endured two winter marches to Urmia in 1915 and to Hamadan in 1918. Many of them were relocated to refugee camps by the British in Baquba and later to Habbaniyah, and in 1921 some were enlisted in the pro-British Assyrian Levies which helped quell Kurdish revolts in the British Mandate of Mesopotamia.[8] Most Hakkari Assyrians were resettled after 1925 in a cluster of villages in northern Iraq.[9] Some of the villages where the Assyrians settled were leased directly by the government, while others belonged to Kurdish landlords who had the right to evict them at any time.[10] ClimateHâkkari has a hot dry-summer continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dsa) with a very dry and hot summer. The winters are cold and snowy with an average of −5 °C (23 °F). The lowest recorded temperature was −22.7 °C (−8.86 °F) on 7 February 1997. The summer are hot and dry with an average of 25 °C (76 °F). The highest recorded temperature was 37 °C (98.6 °F) on 2 August 1991. {{Weather box|metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Hâkkari (1960–2017) |Jan record high C = 11.8 |Feb record high C = 12.7 |Mar record high C = 19.7 |Apr record high C = 25.0 |May record high C = 28.7 |Jun record high C = 34.4 |Jul record high C = 38.8 |Aug record high C = 38.0 |Sep record high C = 34.6 |Oct record high C = 29.3 |Nov record high C = 20.8 |Dec record high C = 17.8 |year record high C = 38.8 |Jan high C = -0.4 |Feb high C = 1.1 |Mar high C = 6.5 |Apr high C = 12.9 |May high C = 19.3 |Jun high C = 25.8 |Jul high C = 30.8 |Aug high C = 30.9 |Sep high C = 26.4 |Oct high C = 18.5 |Nov high C = 9.9 |Dec high C = 2.5 |year high C = 15.4 |Jan mean C = -4.6 |Feb mean C = -3.2 |Mar mean C = 2.1 |Apr mean C = 8.2 |May mean C = 14.3 |Jun mean C = 20.3 |Jul mean C = 24.9 |Aug mean C = 24.8 |Sep mean C = 20.2 |Oct mean C = 13.0 |Nov mean C = 5.3 |Dec mean C = -1.5 |year mean C = 10.3 |Jan low C = -8.0 |Feb low C = -6.8 |Mar low C = -1.8 |Apr low C = 3.9 |May low C = 9.1 |Jun low C = 14.0 |Jul low C = 18.2 |Aug low C = 18.1 |Sep low C = 13.8 |Oct low C = 7.8 |Nov low C = 1.1 |Dec low C = -4.8 |year low C = 5.4 |Jan record low C = -23.4 |Feb record low C = -22.7 |Mar record low C = -19.0 |Apr record low C = -8.3 |May record low C = -0.8 |Jun record low C = 5.0 |Jul record low C = 10.0 |Aug record low C = 2.1 |Sep record low C = 4.3 |Oct record low C = -5.8 |Nov record low C = -15.0 |Dec record low C = -21.3 |year record low C = -23.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 90.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 105.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 120.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 126.9 |May precipitation mm = 65.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 15.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 4.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 2.8 |Sep precipitation mm = 7.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 61.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 87.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 93.1 |year precipitation mm = 779.5 |Jan precipitation days = 11.1 |Feb precipitation days = 10.8 |Mar precipitation days = 13.1 |Apr precipitation days = 13.4 |May precipitation days = 11.9 |Jun precipitation days = 4.1 |Jul precipitation days = 1.4 |Aug precipitation days = 1.0 |Sep precipitation days = 1.9 |Oct precipitation days = 8.4 |Nov precipitation days = 8.5 |Dec precipitation days = 9.9 |year precipitation days = 95.5 |Jan sun = 124.0 |Feb sun = 146.9 |Mar sun = 179.8 |Apr sun = 201.0 |May sun = 275.9 |Jun sun = 351.0 |Jul sun = 378.2 |Aug sun = 356.5 |Sep sun = 303.0 |Oct sun = 223.2 |Nov sun = 159.0 |Dec sun = 120.9 |year sun = 2819.4 |Jand sun = 4.0 |Febd sun = 5.2 |Mard sun = 5.8 |Aprd sun = 6.7 |Mayd sun = 8.9 |Jund sun = 11.7 |Juld sun = 12.2 |Augd sun = 11.5 |Sepd sun = 10.1 |Octd sun = 7.2 |Novd sun = 5.3 |Decd sun = 3.9 |yeard sun = 7.7 |source 1 = Turkish State Meteorological Service[11] |date=September 2011}} SportThe women's football club Hakkarigücü Spor was promoted to the Women's First League to take part in the 2018–19 season after finishing the 2017–18 Second League season as runners-up. See also
References1. ^Veli Sevin, Mystery Stelae, Archaeology, Volume 53 Number 4, (July/August 2000). 2. ^http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=3000-years-later-kings-of-hakkari-see-the-light-of-day-1998-10-13 3. ^Mystery Stelae. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 2011-02-11. 4. ^The Christian minorities in Turkey, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ia0TAQAAIAAJ&q=%22killed+by+Turks+and+Kurds%22&dq=%22killed+by+Turks+and+Kurds%22&hl=en&ei=zyvrTcWWCpHIvQO-xcS-Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAw p. 98.] 5. ^{{cite journal|last=Ishaya|first=Arian|title=Ph.D|journal=JAAS}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Joseph|2000|p=60}} 7. ^{{Harvnb|Gaunt|Bet-Sawoce|2006|pp=125–126}} 8. ^{{Harvnb|Stafford|2006|pp=62–63}} {{dead link|date=March 2016}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Stafford|2006|pp=42–43}} {{dead link|date=March 2016}} 10. ^{{Harvnb|Stafford|2006|pp=53–54}} {{dead link|date=March 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180422231748/https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=HAKKARI| archivedate = 22 April 2018| url = https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=HAKKARI| title = Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri| publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service| language = Turkish| accessdate = 22 April 2018}} }} External links{{wikivoyage|Hakkari}}
6 : Hakkâri|Cities in Turkey|Districts of Hakkâri Province|Populated places in Hakkâri Province|Turkish Kurdistan|Kurdish settlements |
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