1. History

2. See also

3. Notes

4. References
    Sources  Literature 

5. External links

The Avenues is an area of high status Victorian housing located in the north-west of Kingston upon Hull, England. It is formed by four main tree-lined straight avenues running west off the north-north-east/south-south-west running Princes Avenue.

The Avenues area, originally built as middle class housing in the late 19th century, has remained a popular residential area; its popularity with left wing intellectuals and academics, and varied leafy cosmopolitan ambience has caused it to be stereotyped as Hull's 'Muesli Belt'.^[1] To the adjoining south of the Avenues is an area of roughly contemporary Victorian terraces, with streets named after the seats of nobles; it is sometimes referred to as the Dukeries.

Whilst primarily housing the area hosted the Industrial School for Girls from 1888 to 1919 on Park Avenue, the building afterwards used for other educational purposes, now known as the Avenues Centre.

Princes Avenue was a popular urban shopping street during the 20th century, in the 21st century it has remained commercial with increasing numbers of specialist shops, restaurants and other food outlets.^[2]

History

The estate was formally opened in 1875 by the developer David Parkinson Garbutt;{{refn|group="note"|David Parkinson Garbutt, of Malborough House, Anlaby Road; married Mary Ann, daughter of successful fish trader, originally of Yarmouth. Garbutt's business interests included shipbuilding (business liquidated {{circa|1883}}), shipowning, and building development – he also developed an estate in Romford, Essex, and the Newington Waterworks, Hull. A Wesleyan, and promoter of the temperance movement. Died 15 November 1917, aged 70.{{sfn|Barwick|Elsom|Hotham|Kaye|1989|loc=pp.14–15}} }} it was built on the outskirts of Hull with recently opened facilities nearby: Pearson Park opened 1860) on the east side of Princes Avenue, and Botanic Gardens railway station (up to 1881 known as Cemetery Gates) at the southern end of Princes Avenue.^[4] The site was laid out on a generous scale for the middle and prosperous classes; the largest street; Westbourne Avenue was {{convert|18|m|ft|order=flip}} wide.^[4]

Early developments included houses by George Gilbert Scott the Younger, built 1877–79,^[4] which are now listed buildings.^[5]{{refn|group="note"|No. 109, Park Avenue was also a listed structure, de-listed in 2003.^[6]}} The area was primarily residential, in 1888 the Hull School board opened the 'Industrial School for Girls', a residential corrective institution on Park Avenue.{{refn|group="note"|From 1920 used as a school for physically handicapped children; later an arts and craft college; used for civil defence during the Second World War; later used for teacher training.{{sfn|Barwick|Elsom|Hotham|Kaye|1989|p=38}} After 1986 the building was used as an adult education centre.^[7]}} A small preparatory school Froebel House was established in 1906 on Marlborough Avenue;{{refn|group="note"|Inspired by the Froebel Institute in London (see Friedrich Fröbel); where one of the founders had been trained,{{sfn|Barwick|Elsom|Hotham|Kaye|1989|loc=Froebel House, p.37–38}} as of 2013 the school is still in existence.^[8]}} in the same year St Cuthberts church was constructed on Marlborough Avenue.{{refn|group="note"|Destroyed during the Second World War a replacement was built in 1956.^[12]}}^[9]

In 1900 electric trams began to travel on Princes Avenue on a route that linked to the city centre by Spring Bank.^[10]

The area to the south of the Avenues, and north of Hull General Cemetery was developed around 1900; terraces of un-gardened houses were built on east-west rows of streets named after ducal seats: Welbeck Street (Welbeck Abbey), Thoresby Street (Thoresby Hall), Belvoir Street (Belvoir Castle) and Blenheim Street (Blenheim Palace);{{sfn|Barwick|Elsom|Hotham|Kaye|1989|loc=p.26}} as a consequence the area became known as the "Dukeries".^[11] (see also The Dukeries, Nottinghamshire).

By 1910, the entire estate was mostly developed with few vacant plots remaining, the land to the north (Newland Avenue), and to the south (the Dukeries) had also been developed as housing,^[12] by the 1920s the land to the west had been urbanised with the construction of Chanterlands Avenue, and associated terraced housing.^[13]{{refn|group="note"|Chanterlands Avenue did not exist in 1875; it grew northward from Springbank West from the first decade of the 20th century onwards, connecting with the western edge of the Avenues by 1908.{{sfn|Barwick|Elsom|Hotham|Kaye|1989|pp=17–20}}}}

Both sides of Princes Avenue were developed by 1910,^[12] with notable structures including the Elim Pentecostal church (1897–99), which until 1982 was a Congregationalist church known as Fish Street Memorial Church,^[14][15][16] and a Methodist church (1905, architect Alfred Gelder);^[17] by 1910 Princes Avenue was fully developed as a shopping street, with multiple competing premises in all the major realms of commerse – grocers, fishmongers, butchers, hardware, confectioners etc.{{sfn|Barwick|Elsom|Hotham|Kaye|1989|p=26}}

Much of the Avenues area was developed piecemeal in small plots; many of the British housing styles used in the late 19th and early 20th century are found in the area, including revived Queen Anne style (in the Gilbert Scott Jr. houses), mock Tudor, arts and crafts, and a variety of vernacular styles.^[4]

As part of the original layout of the development Westbourne, Marlborough and Victoria Avenue had cast iron decorative fountains in the centre of the roads, with two more on Princes Avenue. All were of similar circular tiered design. The fountains on Princes Avenue were removed in 1926 due to increased traffic.^[18] The remaining fountains on Westbourne and Park Avenue are now listed structures,^[19]{{refn|group="note"|In 1996 the Park Avenue fountain was damaged in a car accident and replaced with a replica.^[20]}}^[10][21]

The tram system on Princes Avenue was replaced with a trolleybus service in 1937,^[10] which were replaced by motor buses in the 1960s.^[22] The Botanic Gardens railway station closed in the 1960s with the closure of the Victoria Dock Branch Line.^[23]

Small scale infill development created Parkside Close (1960s) on undeveloped land between Victoria and Park Avenue, and Muirfield Park (1970s) on a former recreation ground.{{sfn|Barwick|Elsom|Hotham|Kaye|1989|loc=p.20}}^[24] The area became a council Conservation Area in 1974.^[4] In the 1980s the area experienced problems with subsidence due to a drought and extensive tree planting in the area causing drying of the clay subsoil, as a result many trees were cut down,^[25] many of the tree stumps were carved into sculptures by local artists.^[26]

See also

• List of areas in Kingston upon Hull
• Trams in Kingston upon Hull, Trolleybuses in Kingston upon Hull, Hull Botanic Gardens railway station; transport links on Princes Avenue

Notes

References

Sources

• {{cite book| title = An Illustrated History of the Avenues and Pearson Park Hull|editor-first=Christopher|editor-last = Ketchell|first = Nigel|last = Barwick| first2= Ken| last2= Elsom|first3 =Nick| last3= Hotham| first4 =Ken| last4= Kaye| first5= Ivar| last5= Oxaal| first6= Harry| last6= Purkis |first7= J.S.|last7= Scruton| first8= Gareth |last8 =Watkins| isbn = 0951542001| publisher =Avenues and Pearson Park Residents Association|year = 1989|ref=harv}}

Literature

• {{cite book|title =From "slough of despond" to "noble boulevard": a chronology for David Parkinson Garbutt and the Westbourne Park Estate| first= Christopher |last=Ketchell| year = 1989|publisher = Local History Archives Unit|isbn =978-1870001496}}

External links

• {{cite web|url=http://www.avenuesonline.org.uk/| title = Avenues ONLINE| work = www.avenuesonline.org.uk}}, Avenues & Pearson Park Residents' Association website
• {{cite web| url= http://www.princesavenuehull.co.uk/| work = www.princesavenuehull.co.uk| title = Princes Avenue Traders Association }}

Images

• {{cite web|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100220065211/http://www.hullwebs.co.uk/content/p-postcards/princes-ave.htm| archivedate = 20 February 2010|url =http://www.hullwebs.co.uk/content/p-postcards/princes-ave.htm| title = A postcard from Hull – Princes Avenue| work = www.hullwebs.co.uk}}

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