| 词条 | Basil Bunting |
| 释义 |
| name = Basil Bunting | image = Basil_Bunting_c1980s_photo_by_Jonathan_Williams.jpg | image_size = 200px | alt = Black and white photograph of Basil Bunting, poet, in sitting position. | caption = Basil Bunting, in a photo taken by poet and photographer Jonathan Williams | pseudonym = | birth_name = Basil Cheesman Bunting | birth_date = {{Birth date|1900|03|01|df=yes}} | birth_place = Scotswood-on-Tyne, Northumberland, England, UK | death_date = {{Death date and age|1985|04|17|1900|03|01|df=yes}} | death_place = Hexham, Northumberland, England, UK | resting_place = Quaker graveyard at Brigflatts, Sedbergh, Cumbria, England[1] | occupation = Poet, military intelligence analyst, diplomat, journalist | language = | nationality = | ethnicity = | citizenship = British | education = | alma_mater = London School of Economics (did not graduate) | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = Modernism | notableworks = "Briggflatts" (1966) | spouse = | partner = | children = | relatives = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | module = | website = | portaldisp = }}Basil Cheesman Bunting (1 March 1900 – 17 April 1985)[2] was a British modernist poet whose reputation was established with the publication of Briggflatts in 1966, generally regarded as one of the major achievements of the modernist tradition in English.[3] He had a lifelong interest in music that led him to emphasise the sonic qualities of poetry, particularly the importance of reading poetry aloud. He was an accomplished reader of his own work.[4] Life and careerBorn into a Quaker family in Benwell and Scotswood, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Northumberland, he studied at two Quaker schools: from 1912 to 1916 at Ackworth School in the West Riding of Yorkshire and from 1916 to 1918 at Leighton Park School in Berkshire.[5] His Quaker education strongly influenced his pacifist opposition to the First World War, and in 1918 he was arrested as a conscientious objector having been refused recognition by the tribunals and refusing to comply with a notice of call-up. Handed over to the military, he was court-martialled for refusing to obey orders, and served a sentence of more than a year in Wormwood Scrubs and Winchester prisons.[6] Bunting's friend Louis Zukofsky described him as a "conservative/anti-fascist/imperialist",[7] though Bunting himself listed the major influences on his artistic and personal outlook somewhat differently as "Jails and the sea, Quaker mysticism and socialist politics, a lasting unlucky passion, the slums of Lambeth and Hoxton ..."[8] These events were to have an important role in his first major poem, "Villon" (1925). "Villon" was one of a rather rare set of complex structured poems that Bunting labelled "sonatas", thus underlining the sonic qualities of his verse and recalling his love of music. Other “sonatas” include "Attis: or, Something Missing", "Aus Dem Zweiten Reich", "The Well of Lycopolis", "The Spoils" and, finally, "Briggflatts". After his release from prison in 1919, traumatised by the time spent there, Bunting went to London, where he enrolled in the London School of Economics, and had his first contacts with journalists, social activists and Bohemia. Bunting was introduced to the works of Ezra Pound by Nina Hamnett who lent him a copy of Homage to Sextus Propertius.[9] The glamour of the cosmopolitan modernist examples of Nina Hamnett and Mina Loy seems to have influenced Bunting in his later move from London to Paris.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} After travelling in Northern Europe, Bunting left the London School of Economics without a degree and went to France. There, in 1923, he became friendly with Ezra Pound, who years later would dedicate his Guide to Kulchur (1938) to both Bunting and Louis Zukofsky, "strugglers in the desert".{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} Between February and October 1927, Bunting wrote articles and reviews for The Outlook, and then became its music critic until the magazine ceased publication in 1928.[10] Bunting's poetry began to show the influence of the friendship with Pound, whom he visited in Rapallo, Italy, and later settled there with his family from 1931 to 1933. He was published in the Objectivist issue of Poetry magazine, in the Objectivist Anthology, and in Pound's Active Anthology.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} During the Second World War, Bunting served in British Military Intelligence in Persia. After the war, in 1948, he left government service to become the correspondent for The Times of London, in Iran. He married an Iranian woman – Sima Alladian – whilst continuing his intelligence work with the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Tehran, until he was expelled by Mohammad Mossadegh in 1952. Back in Newcastle, he worked as a journalist on the Evening Chronicle until his rediscovery during the 1960s by young poets, notably Tom Pickard and Jonathan Williams, who were interested in working in the modernist tradition. In 1965, he published his major long poem, Briggflatts, named after the Quaker village in Cumbria where he is now buried.[11][12] In later life he published Advice to Young Poets, beginning "I SUGGEST / 1. Compose aloud; poetry is a sound."[4] Bunting died in 1985 in Hexham, Northumberland.[2] The Basil Bunting Poetry Award and Young Person's Prize, administered by Newcastle University, are open internationally to any poet writing in English. [13] [14] Briggflatts{{main|Briggflatts}}Divided into five parts, Briggflatts is an autobiographical long poem, looking back on teenage love and on Bunting's involvement in the high modernist period. In addition, Briggflatts can be read as a meditation on the limits of life and a celebration of Northumbrian culture and dialect, as symbolised by events and figures like the doomed Viking King Eric Bloodaxe. The critic Cyril Connolly was among the first to recognise the poem's value, describing it as "the finest long poem to have been published in England since T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets". Portrait bust of Basil BuntingBasil Bunting sat in Northumberland for sculptor Alan Thornhill, with a resulting terracotta[15] (for bronze) in existence. The correspondence file relating to the Bunting portrait bust is held as part of the Thornhill Papers (2006:56) in the archive[16] of the Henry Moore Foundation's Henry Moore Institute in Leeds and the terracotta remains in the collection of the artist. The 1973 portrait is displayed in the Burton (2014) biography of Bunting.[17] In popular cultureMark Knopfler wrote a song, titled 'Basil', about his time as a Saturday afternoon copy boy on the Newcastle Evening Chronicle when Bunting worked there. The song was recorded for Knopfler's 2015 album Tracker. Books
ReferencesNotes1. ^Poets' Graves. "Basil Bunting 1900-1985". Retrieved 23 October 2013. 2. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.dur.ac.uk/basil-bunting-poetry.centre/basic.chronology/|title= Basic Bunting - A Basic Chronology|date= 26 May 2009|website= Basil Bunting Poetry Center|publisher= Durham University|accessdate=21 May 2010}} 3. ^Bloodaxe Books. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309231748/http://www.bloodaxebooks.com/titlepage.asp?isbn=1852245271 |date=March 9, 2010 }} 4. ^1 Schmidt, Michael, Lives of the Poets, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998. 5. ^{{cite web | last = Pursglove | first = Glyn | date = 21 March 2002 | url = http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=639 | title = Basil Bunting | website = The Literary Encyclopedia | publisher = | accessdate = 7 May 2006}} 6. ^{{cite web |last=Myers |first=Alan |year=2004 |url=http://online.northumbria.ac.uk/faculties/art/humanities/cns/m-bunting.html |title=Basil Bunting (1900–1985) |website=Myers Literary Guide to North-East England |publisher=Centre for Northern Studies |accessdate=7 May 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060305124332/http://online.northumbria.ac.uk/faculties/art/humanities/cns/m-bunting.html |archivedate=5 March 2006 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 7. ^James J. Wilhelmm, Ezra Pound: the tragic years, 1925-1972, Penn State Press, 1994, p. 128. 8. ^{{cite journal|last=Bill Griffiths|journal=Chicago Review|year=1998|volume=44}} 9. ^Peter Makin, "Bunting: the Shaping of his Verse" (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992). 10. ^{{cite book |title=A Strong Song Tows Us: The Life of Basil Bunting, Britain's Greatest Modernist Poet |first=Richard |last=Burton |publisher=Infinite Ideas |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-909-65248-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rScRAgAAQBAJ |page=133}} 11. ^{{cite book|last1=Birch|first1=Dana|title=Oxford Companion to English Literature|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780191735066|edition=7th|doi=10.1093/acref/9780192806871.001.0001/acref-9780192806871-e-1165|doi-broken-date=2018-08-27}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Basil Bunting|url=https://www.poetsgraves.co.uk/bunting.htm|website=Poets' Graves|accessdate=18 January 2017}} 13. ^The Basil Bunting Poetry Award, NCLA Newcastle Centre for the Literary Arts, Newcastle University 14. ^The Basil Bunting Poetry Award, Changes Ahead by John Halliday November 29, 2013 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123004106/http://basilbuntingaward.co.uk/w13/ |date=January 23, 2015 }} 15. ^Portrait head of Basil Bunting in clay for bronze {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719115538/http://alanthornhill.co.uk/sm_005.htm |date=July 19, 2008 }}, image of sculpture by Alan Thornhill, who travelled to Northumberland for Bunting's sitting. 16. ^HMI Archive. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112193428/http://www.henry-moore-fdn.co.uk/matrix_engine/content.php?page_id=584 |date=2009-01-12 }} 17. ^Richard Burton, A Strong Song Tows Us: The Life of Basil Bunting (2014), Infidea, {{ISBN|978 1 908984 25 8}}. Further reading
External links{{wikiquote}}
11 : 1900 births|1985 deaths|Objectivist poets|British conscientious objectors|Writers from Newcastle upon Tyne|People educated at Ackworth School|People educated at Leighton Park School|People educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne|Alumni of the London School of Economics|English Christian pacifists|20th-century English poets |
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