词条 | Max Taitz |
释义 |
| pre-nominals = Dr. | name = Max A. Taitz | post-nominals = | image = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Photo taken in 1944 | native_name = Макс Аркадьевич Тайц | native_name_lang = RU | pronunciation = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1904}} | birth_place = Warsaw, Russian Empire | disappeared_date = | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = {{Death date and age|1980|07|23|1904|01|21}} | death_place = Zhukovsky | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | burial_place = Bykovskoye Memorial Cemetery in Zhukovsky | burial_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = Jew | other_names = | citizenship = Soviet Union | education = | alma_mater = Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1929) | occupation = {{flatlist|
}} | years_active = 1929–1974 | era = |employer={{flatlist|
}} | organization = | known_for = scientist in aerodynamics, theory of jet engines and flight testing of aircraft, one of the founders of the Gromov Flight Research Institute (1941) | notable_works = | style = | home_town = Zhukovsky | television = | title = {{flatlist|
}} | term = | predecessor = | successor = Arseny Mironov | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | spouse = Iraida B. Zeest (married 1925) | children = two daughters | parents = {{unbulleted list|Izhok-Aaron (Isaak-Arkady) Z. Taitz|Sara (Sophia) M. Vilenchuk}} | mother = | father = | relatives = | family = | callsign = | awards = Stalin Prize (1949 and 1953) | website = In memory of M. A. Taitz {{ref-ru}} | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }}Max Taitz (1904-1980) — scientist, engineer, one of the founders of the Gromov Flight Research Institute (1941), Doctor of Engineering, professor, recipient of the Stalin Prize (1949 and 1953), Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR (1961).[1][2][3][4] BiographyEarly yearsTaitz was born in Warsaw, Russian Empire.[5] In 1915 Taitz family escaped from the war to Moscow, where Max with his younger brother studied in Sokolov-Korobov private gymnasium (later Soviet secondary school No. 81). After the gymnasium he entered Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School. Being a student Taitz earned money for life working as a proofreader and binder for a number of Moscow publishers. Closer to graduation he worked as an aviation technician for the Soviet Air Force Research Institute (NII VVS) and started flight training (in Sevastopol). In 1925 Taitz got married with then Moscow State University student Iraida Zeest (later known Soviet archaeologist). Upon graduation from the Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School in 1929 he was assigned to work for Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI).[4] Central Aerohydrodynamic InstituteEngineering and research activities in TsAGI Taitz started as a flight test engineer in the flight test section under supervision of {{ill|Alexander Chesalov|lt=Alexander Chesalov|ru|Чесалов, Александр Васильевич}} and {{ill|Vsevolod Vedrov|lt=Vsevolod Vedrov|ru|Ведров, Всеволод Симонович}}.[4] His first work was a flight testing of the TB-5 heavy bomber with Mikhail Gromov as a lead test pilot.[4][5] In 1934-1937 Taitz participated in technical commission for engineering support of non-stop flight distance record flights of Valery Chkalov and Mikhail Gromov in Tupolev ANT-25 long-haul aeroplane and upon successful completion was awarded his first Order of Red Banner of Labour (1937). He was one of the authors of the comprehensive "Aircraft designer reference book" published by TsAGI in 1937.[4] He was involved also in engineering support of Sigizmund Levanevsky record flights from Moscow over the Pole to the USA.[2][6] After the arrest of his elder brother (David Taitz) in 1938 Taitz decided to leave TsAGI not waiting for his own arrest and worked as engineer-editor for the State Scientific Library of the NKTP editing the aviation department of the "News of Technical Literature" journal. In 1939 he got a chance to obtain position of a dean of Theoretical Mechanics Department at the Soviet Union Industrial Academy. However, in 1940 a delegation from TsAGI visited him and requested his return to the institute to head a group of researchers.[4] Flight Research InstituteTogether with {{ill|Alexander Chesalov|lt=Alexander Chesalov|ru|Чесалов, Александр Васильевич}} and {{ill|Vsevolod Vedrov|lt=Vsevolod Vedrov|ru|Ведров, Всеволод Симонович}} with support of Mikhail Gromov and {{ill|Ivan Petrov (aviator)|lt=Ivan Petrov|ru|Петров, Иван Фёдорович (генерал-лейтенант)}} Taitz arranged for establishment of the Institute of Flight Research (8 March 1941).[6] Work for new institute started in 1941 at the position of the Chief of Laboratory No. 2 being also acting Deputy Chief of the institute for science.[2][7] During the war Taitz headed the evacuation of a science core of the institute to Novosibirsk and supervised flight and ground testing of the serial production fighter planes accomplished by the institute and aircraft manufacturers in order to eliminate defects in flight qualities and war-fighting capabilities of the aircraft.[2] At the same time he took lead in development of the second volume of the "Aircraft Designers Handbook" (RDK) devoted to the flight test techniques and published by TsAGI in 1944.[4][2] The same year (1944) Taitz assigned to head a Soviet technical group for evaluation of the Peenemünde test site where German missiles V-1 and V-2 were tested.[2] In 1945-1947 together with {{ill|Alexander Chesalov|lt=Alexander Chesalov|ru|Чесалов, Александр Васильевич}} Taitz initiated the development of testbed aeroplanes starting from the testbed based on the Tu-2 bomber for flight testing of the jet engines. Concurrently he has developed the theory of similarity for aviation turbojet engines testing.[6][22] Taitz organised and supervised the flight research and testing the first Soviet jet fighters MiG-9, MiG-15, MiG-19, Su-9, etc. Results of these works were awarded the Stalin Prize in 1949.[4][2] At the end of 1940th (a second wave of antisemitism) as many others Taitz was fired from the institute. Later, in conjunction with new research projects in unmanned aircraft and missiles and establishment in 1952 of a new dedicated division, he was asked to get back to the institute.[2] After his return played a major role in the development and flight tests of the Soviet cruise missiles (KS-1 and others) and their automatic control systems.[4][6] In 1956 then Chief of the institute {{ill|Nickolay Stroyev|lt=Nickolay Stroyev|ru|Строев, Николай Сергеевич}} insisted that Taitz should be assigned to the position of his deputy, even though a number of hight level officials of the aviation industry were against that due to the Taitz nationality, his reluctance to be a Communist Party member and his repressed or emigrated relatives.[4] In late 1960th Taitz has initiated the development of USSR civil aircraft certification system and was a strong supporter of joining the USSR to the Chicago convention and ICAO.[8] FRI became a leading research organisation in the USSR in flight testing and certification of aircraft and Taitz was a real driving force behind that. Among others notable scientists in these activities were {{ill|Nickolay Stroyev|lt=Nickolay Stroyev|ru|Строев, Николай Сергеевич}}, {{ill|Victor Utkin|lt=Victor Utkin|ru|Уткин, Виктор Васильевич}} and Arseny Mironov.[9] In 1960th for a number of year Taitz was a head of the Soviet-French working group on avionics and flight tests. For achievements in automation of aeroplanes control he was awarded the Order of Lenin (1966).[2] UniversitiesAt different times Taitz was a professor at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1938—1940), Moscow Aviation Institute,[4] Moscow State Aviation Technological University (1940—1941) and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1955—1980).[10][4] From 1965 till 1974 he was a head of the Aerophysical and Flight Research Department within the Aeromechanics and Flight Engineering Faculty of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.[11] FamilyFather - Izhok-Aaron (Isaak-Arkady) Z. Taitz ({{lang-ru|Ицхок-Аарон (Исаак-Аркадий) Захарович Тайц}}) (1868—1935), born in Kaunas (Lithuania, Russian Empire), traveling salesman.[12][4] Mother - Sara (Sophia) M. Vilenchuk ({{lang-ru|Сара Мовшевна (Софья Моисеевна) Виленчук}}) (1874—1951), born in suburb of Kaunas (Lithuania, Russian Empire).[12][4] Taitz was married (1925-1980), his wife - Iraida B. Zeest ({{lang-ru|Ираида Борисовна Зеест}}) (1902-1981), born in Saint Petersburg (Russian Empire), studied in Moscow State University, graduated from the Faculty of Philology, Doctor of Science in History, worked for the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts and (later) for the Institute of Archaeology, USSR Academy of Sciences.[13][2][4][14] Daughters: Irina M. Khmelevskaya (Taitz) ({{lang-ru|Ирина Максовна Хмелевская (Тайц)}}) (born 1932) and Elena M. Flokovskaya (Taitz) ({{lang-ru|Елена Максовна Флорковская (Тайц)}}) (born 1940).[15] Awards and Decorations
Memory
Notable publicationsMost publications of M. A. Taitz are in Russian and many of them still classified. Below are some notable publications.
References1. ^{{cite book |last1= |first1= |date=2009 |editor-last=Зелин |editor-first=Александр |title=Авиация России : биографическая энциклопедия : 1909-2009 |trans-title=Aviation of Russia : Biographical Encyclopaedia : 1909-2009 |url=https://books.google.ru/books/about/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.html?id=yqVeewAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |language=RU |location=Москва |publisher=Столичная энциклопедия |pages=880 |isbn=978-5-903989-03-4}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{Cite web|url= http://www.zhukvesti.ru/articles/detail/35172/ |title=Деятельность М. А. Тайца в ЛИИ во время войны и в послевоенные годы — Еженедельник "Жуковские вести", № 25, 17-24 июня 2014 года |trans-title=M. A. Taitz in GFRI in a war time and post-war years — Zhukovskiye Vesti weekly, issue 25, 17–24 June 2014|publisher=Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести"|language=RU|accessdate=2018-03-03}} 3. ^{{cite book |last= |first= |editor-last=Остапенко |editor-first=Юрий|date=2005 |title=XX век. Авиастроение России в лицах |trans-title=XXth Century. Faces of Russian Aviation Industry |url=http://www.encyclopedia.ru/cat/books/book/23518/ |language=RU |location=Москва |publisher=МОО «Общество авиастроителей» |pages=552 |isbn=}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 {{cite book |last1=Шевченко |first1=В. А. |last2=Лапин |first2=Ю. А. |date=1995 |editor-last=Свищёв |editor-first=Георгий |title=Знакомьтесь : город Жуковский |trans-title=Meet : Zhukovsky City |url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01001715811 |language=RU |location=Москва |publisher=АО "Книга графикс" |pages=91–104 |isbn=}} 5. ^{{cite journal |author=Михаил Маслов |editor= |format= |url=https://military.wikireading.ru/56751 |title=Тяжелый бомбардировщик ТБ-5 |trans-title=TB-5 heavy bomber |type=journal |origyear= |agency= |edition=Авиация и космонавтика вчера, сегодня, завтра |location=Москва |date=November 2013 |year= |publisher=Издательство "Техинформ" |at= |volume= |issue=11 |number= |pages = |page= |series= |isbn = |issn = |doi = |bibcode = |arxiv = |pmid = |ref= |archiveurl = |archivedate = |language=RU |quote= }} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last=Амирьянц |first=Георгий |date=2001 |title=Летчики-испытатели. Сергей Анохин со товарищи |trans-title=Test Pilots. Sergey Anokhin with Comrades |url=http://militera.lib.ru/bio/0/pdf/amiryants_ga01.pdf |language=RU |location=Москва |publisher=Машиностроение |pages=157 |isbn=}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://agnc.ru/news/10448|title=Вековой юбилей легенды летных исследований|trans-title=Centennial jubilee of the legend of flight research|publisher=Ассоциация государственных научных центров РФ|date=2018-01-09|language=RU |work=|access-date=2018-01-27}} 8. ^{{cite journal |author =Анатолий Смирнов |editor= |format= |url= http://www.aviationunion.ru/Files/3_Un_08042016.pdf |title=Съезд должен заняться поиском решений сегодняшних трудностей |trans-title=The Congress must look for solutions to today's difficulties |type=weekly |origyear= | agency = |edition=Жуковские Вести |location=Zhukovsky |date=March 2016 |year= |publisher=Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести" |at= |volume= |issue= |number=9(1271)|pages =6 |page= |series= |isbn = |issn = |doi = |bibcode = |arxiv = |pmid = |ref= |archiveurl = |archivedate = |language= |quote=}} 9. ^1 {{cite book |last1= |first1= |year=1993 |editor-last1=Васильченко |editor-first1=К. К. |editor-last2=Знаменская |editor-first2=А. М. |editor-last3=Клячко |editor-first3=М. Д. |editor-last4=Махонькин |editor-first4=Ю. Е. |editor-last5=Миронов |editor-first5=А. Д. |editor-last6=Хейфец |editor-first6=М. И. |title=Лётные исследования и испытания. Фрагменты истории и современное состояние : Научно-технический сборник |trans-title=Flight Research and Testing. Fragments of History and Present State: A Sci.-Tech. Collection |url=https://books.google.ru/books/about/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8.html?id=hyHCAAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |language=RU |location=Москва |publisher=Машиностроение |pages=496 |isbn=}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |last1= |first1= |date=1994 |editor-last=Свищёв |editor-first=Георгий |title=Авиация : Энциклопедия |trans-title=Aviation : Encyclopaedia |url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/search#q=Авиация%20:%20Энциклопедия%20/%20Гл.%20ред.%20Г.%20П.%20Свищев.%20-%20М.%20Большая%20рос.%20энцикл |language=RU |location=Москва |publisher=Большая российская энциклопедия : ЦАГИ |pages=735 |isbn=}} 11. ^{{cite book |last1= |first1= |year=2001 |editor-last1=Миронов |editor-first1=А. Д. |editor-last2=Берестов |editor-first2=Л. М. |editor-last3=Золотухин |editor-first3=Р. Б. |editor-last4=Леонова |editor-first4=М. Ф. |editor-last5=Амирьянц |editor-first5=В. А.|title=Лётно-исследовательский институт. События. Люди |trans-title=Flight Research Institute. Events. People |url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/search#q=%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82.%20%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F.%20%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8 |series= |language=RU |location=Москва |publisher=Машиностроение : Машиностроение-Полет |pages=536 |isbn=}} 12. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://taitz-2011.narod.ru/index/0-4 |title=Персональный сайт семьи Тайц - Самуил |trans-title=Personal site of the Taitz family - Samuel |publisher= |language=RU |accessdate=2018-03-03}} 13. ^{{Cite web |url=https://w.histrf.ru/articles/article/show/zieiest_iraida_borisovna |title=ЗЕ́ЕСТ ИРАИ́ДА БОРИ́СОВНА {{!}} Энциклопедия Всемирная история |work=w.histrf.ru |language=RU |accessdate=2018-03-06}} 14. ^{{cite magazine |last1=Пономарёв |first1=Ю. Л. |last2=Луняков |first2=В. С. |last3=Тайц-Хмелевская |first3=И. М. |date=1997-06-18 |title=Вспоминая М. А. Тайца |trans-title=Remembering M.A. Taitz |url= |language=RU |magazine=Жуковские Вести |location=Жуковский |publisher=Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести" |issue=25 |page=4 |accessdate= }} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://taitz-2011.narod.ru/index/0-11/|title=Персональный сайт семьи Тайц - Генеалогия |trans-title=Personal site of the Taitz family - Genealogy |language=RU |accessdate=2018-03-03}} External links
8 : Recipients of the Order of Lenin|Recipients of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class|1904 births|Aerodynamicists|Russian aerospace engineers|Soviet aviators|People in aviation|1980 deaths |
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