| 词条 | Great Southern Railways | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| railroad_name = Great Southern Railways | logo_filename = | logo_size = | system_map = | map_caption = | map_size = | marks = | image = De Valera train, Kingsbridge, Dublin City, Co. Dublin. (37599109282).jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Special train at Kingsbridge (Heuston) in 1938 | locale = | start_year = 1 January 1925 | end_year = 31 December 1944 | predecessor_line = Midland Great Western Railway Great Southern and Western Railway Dublin and South Eastern Railway Cork, Bandon and South Coast Railway and others[1]{{rp|13-14}} | successor_line = CIÉ Railways Division (1945-1987) Irish Rail (1987-present) | gauge = {{RailGauge|5 ft 3 in|lk=on|allk=on}} {{RailGauge|3 ft|lk=on|allk=on}} | old_gauge = | electrification = | length = {{convert|854|mi}}{{cn|reason=JCMM say 1150 for GSWR alone|date=April 2018}} | hq_city = | website = }} The Great Southern Railways Company (often Great Southern Railways, or GSR) was an Irish company that from 1925 until 1945 owned and operated all railways that lay wholly within the Irish Free State (the present-day Republic of Ireland). The period was difficult with rising operating costs and static to failing income. The early part of the period was soon after infrastructure losses of the Irish Civil War. The Emergency or Second World War at the end of the period saw shortages of coal and raw materials with increased freight traffic and restricted passenger traffic.[1]{{rp|11-20}} HistoryFormationProvision for the creation of the company was made by the Railways Act 1924, which mandated the amalgamation (in the case of the four major railway companies) and absorption (of the 22 smaller companies) of all railways wholly within the Irish Free State. Only cross-border railways, most notably the Great Northern Railway (GNR), remained outside its control.[1]{{rp|13-14}} The Great Southern and Western Railway Company, the Midland Great Western Railway Company of Ireland and the Cork, Bandon and South Coast Railway Company agreed to terms for amalgamation, forming the Great Southern Railway Company by way of the Railways (Great Southern) Preliminary Amalgamation Scheme of 12 November 1924 (SI no. 31 of that year).[1]{{rp|13-15}} The Great Southern Railways Company was formed when the fourth major company, the Dublin and South Eastern Railway (DSER), joined these companies under the Great Southern Railways Amalgamation Scheme of 1 January 1925 (SI no. 1 of that year) and the Great Southern Railways Supplemental Amalgamation Scheme, also 1925. The DSER was substantially British owned and had wished to merge with the GNR but was overruled.[1]{{rp|13-15}} The smaller companies were absorbed under several successive statutory instruments.[1]{{rp|13-15}}
Buses and hotelsFrom 1929, when it acquired a stake in the Irish Omnibus Company, the company also ran bus services. These operations became the responsibility from 1 January 1934 of the Great Southern Railways Omnibus Department. In 1990 the hotel group was transferred from Córas Iompair Éireann to Aer Rianta where it remained until 2006. The hotel group formed by the company, Great Southern Hotels, continued to bear the company's name until its privatisation in 2006. Only the Sligo hotel continues to use the Great Southern name as of 2016. In January 2018 The Malton Hotel in Killarney reverted back to its original name of the Great Southern.[7] RosslareCIÉ previously maintained a full online list of the twenty five companies which constituted the Great Southern Railways in 1925.[2] This is not entirely accurate, as it includes the Fishguard & Rosslare Railways & Harbours Company which still exists today, although GSR took over 50% of its shares upon its creation, the other 50% being held by the UK Great Western Railway. The respective shareholdings in the company, now essentially a shelf company, are held today by Iarnród Éireann and Stena Line.Transfer to CIÉThe [https://web.archive.org/web/20070426164302/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA21Y1944.html Transport Act 1944] dissolved the Company and transferred its assets, together with those of the Dublin United Transport Company to Córas Iompair Éireann, from 1 January 1945. Route NetworkIn 1925 the total route network was {{convert|2181|mi|km}} and by 1944 this has only reduced slightly to {{convert|2042|mi|km}}. The stretch of line that was double track had reduced from {{convert|438|mi|km}} to {{convert|276|mi|km}} in the same period.[1]{{rp|343}} Locomotives and Rolling StockLocomotivesA wide variety of locomotives and rolling stock was inherited from the constituent companies. 1925 records show 526 broad and 41 narrow gauge steam locomotives remaining inherited from the originating companies.[1]{{rp|350}} Locomotives were renumbered into the GSR class number scheme whereby the lowest numbered engine in the class was used as the class identity. There was a parallel Inchicore scheme that used a letter to indicate the axle layout and a number to designate different groups within the class. When the GSR passed into CIÉ at the end of 1944 the total number of broad gauge steam locomotives was about 475 of which 58 had been built by GSR. About 28 narrow gauge steam locomotives remained.[1]{{rp|350}} Rolling StockThe total number of passenger vehicles including post office, parcel, and brakes vans was 1670 in 1925, reducing to 1337 by 1944.[1]{{rp|343}} RailcarsThe GSR introduced four Sentinel steam railcars in 1928 with the power unit similar to the GSR Class 280, operating range of over {{convert|150|miles|km}} and a passenger capacity for 55. All were withdrawn in the early 1940s. A subsequent order from Claytons in 1928 were less successful and withdrawn in 1932, a model exists in the Fry railway collection. Four Drewry petrol powered railcars of which two were narrow gauge were also introduced around 1927, with all four also being withdrawn by the mid 1940s.[1]{{rp|298—307,380}}. The innovative Drumm Battery Train was successfully operated on the Dublin—Bray route from 1932. Senior People
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{ClementsMcMahon-GSR Locomotives}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.cie.ie/about_us/schools_and_enthusiasts.asp#4|dead-url=yes|publisher=Córas Iompair Éireann|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410164204/http://www.cie.ie/about_us/schools_and_enthusiasts.asp#4|title=LIST OF RAILWAY COMPANIES WHICH WERE ABSORBED WITH THE GREAT SOUTHERN RAILWAYS IN 1925|archive-date=10 April 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/blog/new-railway-line-for-cavan|access-date=15 April 2018|website=RTÉ|title=New railway line for Cavan}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Athenry_and_Tuam_Extension_to_Claremorris_Railway|access-date=14 April 2018|website=Grace's Guide to British Industrial History|title=Athenry and Tuam Extension to Claremorris Railway}} 5. ^{{cite journal|title=CORK CITY RAILWAYS|journal=Irish Railway Record Society|last=Langford|first=John|issue=166|date=June 2008|url=http://www.irrs.ie/Journal%20165/Journal%20166/166%20Cork%20City%20Railways.htm|url-access=limited|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130044153/http://www.irrs.ie/Journal%20165/Journal%20166/166%20Cork%20City%20Railways.htm|archive-date=30 November 2017}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=Outline of Irish Railway History|isbn=0715363778|last=Casserley|first=H. C.|publisher=David & Charles|date=1974|url=http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/rail008.pdf|dead-url=no|archive-date=15 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415025732/http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/rail008.pdf}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/travel/what-s-in-a-name-great-southern-hotel-returns-to-its-roots-1.3219372|date=13 September 2017|access-date=19 December 2018|first=Joan|last=Scales|newspaper=The Irish Times|title=What’s in a name? Great Southern hotel returns to its roots}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.irishrailwayana.com/pa102.htm|access-date=11 April 2018|website=Irish Railwayana|title=Great Southern Railway(s)}} See also
External links
6 : Great Southern Railways|Defunct railway companies of Ireland|Railway companies established in 1924|Railway companies disestablished in 1945|1924 establishments in Ireland|1945 disestablishments in Ireland |
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