| 词条 | Gustav Nossal |
| 释义 |
|name = Sir Gustav Nossal |image = Gustav Nossal.jpg |image_size = |caption = Nossal at the 5th World Conference of Science Journalists, 2007 |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1931|06|04|df=yes}} |birth_place = Bad Ischl, Austria |birth_name = Gustav Victor Joseph Nossal |death_date = |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = Australia |nationality = Australian, formerly Austrian |ethnicity = Austrian and Jewish |field = Immunology |work_institutions = The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne |alma_mater = The University of Sydney, The University of Melbourne |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = His contributions to the fields of antibody formation and immunological tolerance |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = Macfarlane Burnet |influenced = Jacques Miller |prizes = Albert Einstein World Award of Science (1990) |footnotes = |signature = Gustav Nossal signature.jpg }} Sir Gustav Victor Joseph Nossal, {{post-nominals|size=100%|country=AUS-cats|AC|CBE|sep=,}}, FRS (born 4 June 1931) is a distinguished Australian research biologist. He is famous for his contributions to the fields of antibody formation and immunological tolerance. Early life and educationNossal's family was from Vienna, Austria. He was born four weeks prematurely in Bad Ischl while his mother was on holiday. His family left their home town of Vienna for Australia in 1939 following Nazi Germany's annexation of Austria. As his father's grandparents were Jewish, he was also considered Jewish and at risk of being sent to concentration camps. In an interview with Adam Spencer, Nossal noted that his father was not a professing Jew but of Jewish ethnicity as he had been baptised a Roman Catholic as a child. Nossal remarked that his father "therefore thought that he would be somewhat protected from the Holocaust-type spredicment. Of course, he hadn't properly read Mein Kampf. It was all spelt out there: if your four grandparents were Jewish, then you were Jewish."[1] He was baptised and remains a practising Roman Catholic.[2] Nossal showed interest in medicine and wanted to become a doctor since the age of seven.[3] When he first attended school in Australia, Nossal spoke no English[4] but he graduated from St Aloysius' College in 1947[5] as the dux of the College.[6] In 1948, he entered the Sydney Medical School, graduating later with first-class honours. At the age of 26, he left his job in Sydney and moved to Melbourne to work with Macfarlane Burnet in medical science at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and gained his Ph.D. degree in 1960. Religious beliefsOn describing his views on religion Nossal said: {{centred pull quote|For me, a large part of that is a tremendously strong identification with the mission of the Church. An instinct for justice is central to that mission and central to being a Catholic...Science deals with fundamentally repeatable, objective, verifiable observations. It deals with hypotheses of which you can at least say "this is not patently false." But the human experience, on the other hand, does not just deal with verifiable facts. The human experience has Shakespeare. It has Beethoven. It has Thomas Aquinas. There is no scientist alive who can tell me how the brain of Shakespeare differs from the brain of the worst scribbler for the tabloid press. This is not yet and may never be in the realm of science... We have to access this huge other area of human experience through other means. Call them the humanities. Theology, of course, is one of the great humanities. A human being struggling to understand the cosmos and to understand his or her own consciousness is not at all antipathetic or opposed to me struggling to understand how cells make antibody molecules. |source=[2]}} CareerFollowing the retirement of Macfarlane Burnet in 1965, at the age of 35 Nossal became director of Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, a position that he kept until 1996. In parallel, he was Professor of Medical Biology at the University of Melbourne. Nossal's research is in fundamental immunology, in the field of "antibody formation and immunological tolerance".[7] He has written five books and 530 scientific articles in this and related fields. Nossal has been President m(1970-1973) of the 30,000-member world body of immunology, the International Union of Immunological Societies; President of the Australian Academy of Science (1994-1998); a member of the Prime Minister's Science, Engineering and Innovation Council (PMSEIC) (1989 to 1998); and Chairman of the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (1987-1996). He has been Chairman of the committee overseeing the World Health Organization's Vaccines and Biologicals Program (1993-2002) and Chairman of the Strategic Advisory Council of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Children's Vaccine Program (1998-2003). He was Deputy Chairman of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation from 1998 to 2000. He is Chairman of the Advisory Committee of the Global Foundation,[8] The purpose of the foundation is to "encourage Australia’s sustainable national development in a global context." Sir Gustav is a member of the Patrons Council of the Epilepsy Foundation of Victoria and of the Advisory Board of the Health Impact Fund. Personal lifeNossal is married to Lyn whom he met and later married on completion of his medical course at the University of Sydney. Together, they have four children and eight grandchildren.[9][10] Awards and recognition
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|last=Spencer |first=Adam |url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/audio/2009/11/16/2740862.htm |title=The World in Sydney — Sir Gustav Nossal — ABC Sydney — Australian Broadcasting Corporation |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=2009-11-12 |accessdate=2013-06-25}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url = http://sydney.edu.au/medicine/museum/mwmuseum/index.php/Nossal,_Sir_Gustav_Joseph_Victor |title = Nossal, Sir Gustav Joseph Victor — Faculty of Medicine Online Museum and Archive |publisher = Sydney.edu.au |date = |accessdate = 23 June 2013}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.findmypathway.com/blog/sir-gustav-nossal-immunologist-interview/|title=Sir Gustav Nossal in Forging the Path, A Find My Pathway Interview|last=|first=|date=30 October 2018|website=Find My Pathway|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 4. ^{{cite news | last = Cincotta | first = Liz | title = Passage to Australia | newspaper = The Age | location = Melbourne | publisher = Fairfax Media | date = 19 June 2008 | url = http://www.theage.com.au/national/passage-to-australia-20080618-2stt.html?page=-1 | accessdate = 1 March 2012 }} 5. ^{{cite news |last = Middleton |first = Chris |title = The Principal |newspaper = The Gonzagon (Weekly Newsletter of St Aloysius' College) |page = 2 |date = 4 March 2011 |url = http://www.staloysius.com.au/newsletter/2011/2011_06.pdf |accessdate = 1 March 2012 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110309105311/http://www.staloysius.com.au/newsletter/2011/2011_06.pdf |archivedate = 9 March 2011 |df = dmy-all}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://nossalhs.vic.edu.au/about-nossal/sir-gustav-nossal |title=Sir Gustav Nossal | The Nossal High School |publisher=Nossalhs.vic.edu.au |date=4 June 1931 |accessdate=23 June 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Biographical entry — Nossal, Gustav Joseph Victor (1931 - ) |publisher=Bright Sparcs |url=http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/biogs/P000678b.htm |accessdate=8 March 2008}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Our Members: Office bearers |publisher=The Global Foundation |url=http://www.globalfoundation.org.au/about/members.html |accessdate=7 March 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309222121/http://www.globalfoundation.org.au/about/members.html |archivedate=9 March 2008 |df=dmy-all }} 9. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/talkingheads/txt/s2222759.htm | title=Talking Heads - Sir Gustav Nossal | work=Talking Heads | date=28 April 2004 | agency=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | accessdate=21 June 2016 | author=Thompson, Peter}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.science.org.au/learning/general-audience/history/interviews-australian-scientists/sir-gustav-nossal-immunologist | title=Sir Gustav Nossal, immunologist | publisher=Australian Academy of Science | work=Interview by Max Blythe | date=1998 | accessdate=21 June 2016}} 11. ^http://www.scandinavianimmunology.nu/Honorary-Members.html 12. ^{{cite web |title = Nossaly, Gustav Joseph Victor: The Order of the British Empire — Commander (Civil) |work = It's an Honour |date = 1 January 1970 |publisher = Commonwealth of Australia |url = http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1065616&search_type=advanced&showInd=true |accessdate = 7 March 2008}} 13. ^{{cite web |title = NOSSAL, Gustav Joseph Victor: Knight Bachelor |work = It's an Honour |date = 1 January 1977 |publisher = Commonwealth of Australia |url = http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1083627&search_type=advanced&showInd=true |accessdate = 7 March 2008}} 14. ^ {{cite web|url=https://www.science.org.au/opportunities-scientists/recognition/honorific-awards/career-awards/macfarlane-burnet-medal-and|title=Macfarlane Burnet Medal and Lecture|publisher= Australian Academy of Science|accessdate= 22 February 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web |title= The ANZAAS Medal |publisher= ANZAAS |url= http://www.anzaas.org.au/anzaasmedal.html |accessdate= 7 March 2008 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081227101720/http://www.anzaas.org.au/anzaasmedal.html |archivedate= 27 December 2008 |df= dmy-all }} 16. ^https://royalsociety.org/people/gustav-nossal-12009/ 17. ^https://www.rse.org.uk/fellow/gustav-nossal/ 18. ^{{cite web |title = NOSSAL, Gustav Joseph Victor: Companion of the Order of Australia |work = It's an Honour |date = 12 June 1989 |publisher = Commonwealth of Australia |url = http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=886105&search_type=advanced&showInd=true |accessdate = 7 March 2008}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=Albert Einstein World Award of Science 1990 |url=http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/winners-science-gustavnossal.php |accessdate=13 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229091954/http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/winners-science-gustavnossal.php |archivedate=29 December 2014 |df= }} 20. ^ {{cite web| url = https://www.svi.edu.au/our_story/patron/| title= SVI Patron - Gustav JV Nossal| publisher= St Vincents Institute| accessdate = 31 August 2015}} 21. ^{{cite web |title=Gustav Nossal – Virology Down Under |publisher=University of Queensland |url=http://www.uq.edu.au/vdu/BasicsGustavNossal.htm |accessdate=7 March 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418204530/http://www.uq.edu.au/vdu/BasicsGustavNossal.htm |archivedate=18 April 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 22. ^https://rsv.org.au/about-us/fellows/ 23. ^{{cite book |author=Lewis, Wendy |title=Australians of the Year |publisher=Pier 9 Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-74196-809-5 |authorlink=Wendy Lewis }} 24. ^{{cite web |title = NOSSAL, Gustav: Centenary Medal |work = It's an Honour |date = 1 January 2001 |publisher = Commonwealth of Australia |url = http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1115621&search_type=advanced&showInd=true |accessdate = 7 March 2008}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://shop.auspost.com.au/stamps/legends-2012/about/previous-recipents |title=Previous Legends |work=Stamp collections |publisher=Australia Post |year=2012 |accessdate=13 February 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324081543/http://shop.auspost.com.au/stamps/legends-2012/about/previous-recipents |archivedate=24 March 2012 |df= }} 26. ^{{cite web|title=The Nossal Institute for Global Health |publisher=The University of Melbourne |url=http://www.ni.unimelb.edu.au/about_us/welcome/sir_gustav_nossal_welcome |accessdate=26 February 2011}} 27. ^https://kast.or.kr/kr/member/member_view.php?idx=3711&PHPSESSID=7390650efd86a2a3a77688f003664280 External links
29 : Living people|1931 births|Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates|Australian academics|Australian biologists|Australian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire|Australian immunologists|Australian Knights Bachelor|Australian Living Treasures|Australian of the Year Award winners|Australian people of Austrian-Jewish descent|Australian scientists|Austrian refugees|Companions of the Order of Australia|Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science|Australian Fellows of the Royal Society|Members of the French Academy of Sciences|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering|Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy|People from Bad Ischl|Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss|Recipients of the Centenary Medal|Sydney Medical School alumni|Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research alumni|Australian Roman Catholics|People educated at St Aloysius' College (Sydney)|Austrian emigrants to Australia|Presidents of the Australian Academy of Science |
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